【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿,这里小编给大家分享一些,方便大家学习。
Excerption
快速准确理解原文是作好后面测试题目的前提,要想作好测试题目还必须首先了解测试题型以及解题的具体的步骤和方法。
一.题型
阅读理解可以粗略地分成两大类:客观题(objective questions0和主观题(subjective question)。客观题用来测度考生对原文内容中的客观事实的理解,也就是要求考生理解文章中的具体事实和抽象概念(包括词义)。主观题用来测试考生的主观判断能力,也就是要求考生对文章的中心思想,作者的意图和态度,以及整篇文章的逻辑关系有更深的了解,根据这些进行推理和判断。如果再分细一点,那么可以将阅读理解的测试题具体分为以下五种。
(一) 主旨大意题
主旨大意题要求考生在阅读有关文章后能够概括出中心思想,确定段落大意或选定最佳标题。主旨题的典型提问方式有:
1.The best title for this passage is________
2.Topic of the article is_______
3.The main idea of the passage is_______
4.The passage is mainly about _____
5.The passage mainly deals with________
6.The author mainly discusses_________
7.The title that best expresses the main idea is_______
8.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is____-
9.The authors purpose in writing this passage is______-
10. The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as_______
11.What is the main topic of the passage
12.Which of the following is the best title for this passage
13.What would be the most appropriate title for this passage
14.What does the passage mainly discuss
15.What title suits this passage best
16.Which sentence best summarizes the article
(二) 具体细节题
这类问题要求考生理解与文章主题有关的事实依据,赞同反对的理由,以及找出其它有关的细节或具体的数据等。细节题的出题类型主要有以下三种:
1. 特殊疑问句
以what ,who, when, how, where 等引导的问题。
A. What do we know about
B. Why is
C. How many in this article
D.In what year
E. In what way
F. According to the passage, who
2. 正误判断题
通常询问文章中所述的事情是否真实,某种提法是否正确或文章(作者)是否提及某事。
A.Which of the following statements is true
B.Which of the following is mentioned in the article
C.Which of the following does not explain
D.Which of the following statements is wrong according to the author
E.Which of the following in NOT listed as
F.All of the following are true except
G.The author mentions all of the items listed below except
H.The author does not tell us
3.填空题
通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节,但涉及的范围比下误判断题要广。
A.The real cause is______.
B.According to the author, the techniques can be used to ______.
C.The author states that______.
D.The experiment shows that ________.
E.Mr. X expects ______.
(三) 词汇题
词汇题主要是测试考生根据上下文判断生词或新短词意义的能力。做这样的题时,考生需要注意以下两点:一是要按照 下文与字里行间的线索进行分析和大胆的猜测最后确定正确的含义;二是要特别注意新词汇和短语的引申意义。有不少的词或短语考生也许见过或认识,但这些词或短语的意义在新的背景或上下文中可能与原义不同或者有进一步的引伸。这就需要考生具有一定的判断能力才能确定一个词或短语的确切含义。
词汇题的提问方式主要有:
1.What is the possible meaning of the wordin line.
2.Which is the probable definition of the word
3.The italicized word in linemeans_____.
4.Which of the following is nearest in meaning to .
5.By , the author means_________.
6.The line , the word this stands for_______.
7.The word probably means_______
8.The word closest to ______
9.The line , the word.most probably means______.
10.In line, the word could best be replaced by _________.
(四) 断、预测和引申题
这类题具有较大的难度,要求考生在理解原文的基础上,根据文章中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析,然后做出推断预测或得出合情合理的结论。因此,考生必须细读全文,不仅要懂得文章的表层意义,还要理解深层的内含;不仅要掌握作者言明的观点倾向,还要获取字里行间隐含的信息。但同时必须提醒考生的是切忌无根无据地随意猜想或推理,把白的东西说成是黑的,把自己的观点当做是作者的。也就是产,考生所做的每一个推断或引申都应该是合情合理的,具有充分依据的。
这种题型常用提问方式有:
1. The passage is intended to _________
2. The passage implies that_______
3. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
4. It can be concluded from the passage that________
5. We can conclude from the article that_______
6. The writer implies that _________
7. The author suggests that _______
8. An inference which may be made from the article is _______
9. According to the article, many people may ________
10. The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______
11. The paragraph preceding this one may discuss
12. In the paragraph following this one ,we may expect the author to discuss________
13. What does the paragraph preceding this one probably discuss
14. What does the writer imply about.
15. Which of the following can be inferred from the article
16. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
17. Where would this paragraph most probably be found
18. Where would this paragraph most probably appear
(五)作者态度题
除了第三类题型外,根据文章领会作者的态度和情绪的问题也相当难。这类题要求考生从文章的论述方法、语气和 词造句中把握作者对人与事的好恶,了解作者的态度和情感。
常用的提问方式有:
1.Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with
2.The author seems to be in favor of the idea of ________
3.Whats the authors opinion
4.What does the writer think of .
5.The authors attitude towards might be best summarized as________
6.In the writers opinion,______
7.The author of the passage seems to be ____
8.The tone of the author is ________
9.The authors purpose of writing this article is _______
10.How does the author feel about
11.The tone of the author can best be described as______
12.Whats the tone of the passage
13.From the passage we know that the author_______--
14.It can be seen from the passage that the author regards with ______
15.By using the expression , the author implies that ________
二、解题步骤和方法
归纳起来, 阅读理解的解题步骤可以称之为三步曲:即分以下三个步骤:
(1)快速阅读文章后的4~5道题目,并将题目中的关键词(一般为实词,并且含有重要信息)用笔划下来。这样做的目的有两个:一是以获得将要阅读的文章的大概意思,二是为解题做好准备。
(2) 使用前述的各个层次产阅读技巧和方法快速阅读原文。一边阅读一边划出文章中的含有重要信息的词、短语或句子。如果将文章中的重要信息都划出来了,到第三步解题时寻找所需信息就容易了。这比盲目地寻找方便得多。
(3) 解题时首先判断当前的题目属于哪种题型,然后用不同的方法解不同的题目。
(一) 客观细
根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词:指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极可能为包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后,再将四个答案与该句内容 一对照后,就会发现有一答案的信息与信息句的信息大致相同,则该答案即为正确答案。
(二) 词义题
词义题可人为两类:一类是生词,而另一类是常见词。考题问它在特定语境中的具体意思。解这两类词义题可遵循同样的方法:找到该词在原文中的位置,然后运用猜测词义法,根据上下文所提供的各种线索猜测或确定它们的词义。
(三) 中心思想题
用略读法将首尾两段(或首尾部分)快速浏览一下,然后快速寻找和浏览一下其他段落的topic sentence, 将这些内容结合起来,原文的中心思想就一目了然。四个答案中最接近这个中心意思的就是正确答案。
(四) 主观判断题
这类题难度较大,具体解题方法也各不相同。但总体来说,根据题中的关键词或主要内容从原文中找到相关信息。透过它的表层意思,将它所隐含的深层意思(IMPLIED MEANING)理解透彻,并根据其深层意思做出合理的推断、预测或引申。
(五) 作者态度题
这类题也属于高难度的题型。做此类题时考生要注意分清什么是作者的客观陈述什么是自己的观点和态度。这就要求考生从文章的论述方式、语气、 遣词造句中把握作者的观点、态度、倾向和情感等。
Excerption
快速准确理解原文是作好后面测试题目的前提,要想作好测试题目还必须首先了解测试题型以及解题的具体的步骤和方法。
一.题型
阅读理解可以粗略地分成两大类:客观题(objective questions0和主观题(subjective question)。客观题用来测度考生对原文内容中的客观事实的理解,也就是要求考生理解文章中的具体事实和抽象概念(包括词义)。主观题用来测试考生的主观判断能力,也就是要求考生对文章的中心思想,作者的意图和态度,以及整篇文章的逻辑关系有更深的了解,根据这些进行推理和判断。如果再分细一点,那么可以将阅读理解的测试题具体分为以下五种。
(一) 主旨大意题
主旨大意题要求考生在阅读有关文章后能够概括出中心思想,确定段落大意或选定最佳标题。主旨题的典型提问方式有:
1.The best title for this passage is________
2.Topic of the article is_______
3.The main idea of the passage is_______
4.The passage is mainly about _____
5.The passage mainly deals with________
6.The author mainly discusses_________
7.The title that best expresses the main idea is_______
8.The central idea conveyed in the above passage is____-
9.The authors purpose in writing this passage is______-
10. The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as_______
11.What is the main topic of the passage
12.Which of the following is the best title for this passage
13.What would be the most appropriate title for this passage
14.What does the passage mainly discuss
15.What title suits this passage best
16.Which sentence best summarizes the article
(二) 具体细节题
这类问题要求考生理解与文章主题有关的事实依据,赞同反对的理由,以及找出其它有关的细节或具体的数据等。细节题的出题类型主要有以下三种:
1. 特殊疑问句
以what ,who, when, how, where 等引导的问题。
A. What do we know about
B. Why is
C. How many in this article
D.In what year
E. In what way
F. According to the passage, who
2. 正误判断题
通常询问文章中所述的事情是否真实,某种提法是否正确或文章(作者)是否提及某事。
A.Which of the following statements is true
B.Which of the following is mentioned in the article
C.Which of the following does not explain
D.Which of the following statements is wrong according to the author
E.Which of the following in NOT listed as
F.All of the following are true except
G.The author mentions all of the items listed below except
H.The author does not tell us
3.填空题
通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节,但涉及的范围比下误判断题要广。
A.The real cause is______.
B.According to the author, the techniques can be used to ______.
C.The author states that______.
D.The experiment shows that ________.
E.Mr. X expects ______.
(三) 词汇题
词汇题主要是测试考生根据上下文判断生词或新短词意义的能力。做这样的题时,考生需要注意以下两点:一是要按照 下文与字里行间的线索进行分析和大胆的猜测最后确定正确的含义;二是要特别注意新词汇和短语的引申意义。有不少的词或短语考生也许见过或认识,但这些词或短语的意义在新的背景或上下文中可能与原义不同或者有进一步的引伸。这就需要考生具有一定的判断能力才能确定一个词或短语的确切含义。
词汇题的提问方式主要有:
1.What is the possible meaning of the wordin line.
2.Which is the probable definition of the word
3.The italicized word in linemeans_____.
4.Which of the following is nearest in meaning to .
5.By , the author means_________.
6.The line , the word this stands for_______.
7.The word probably means_______
8.The word closest to ______
9.The line , the word.most probably means______.
10.In line, the word could best be replaced by _________.
(四) 断、预测和引申题
这类题具有较大的难度,要求考生在理解原文的基础上,根据文章中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析,然后做出推断预测或得出合情合理的结论。因此,考生必须细读全文,不仅要懂得文章的表层意义,还要理解深层的内含;不仅要掌握作者言明的观点倾向,还要获取字里行间隐含的信息。但同时必须提醒考生的是切忌无根无据地随意猜想或推理,把白的东西说成是黑的,把自己的观点当做是作者的。也就是产,考生所做的每一个推断或引申都应该是合情合理的,具有充分依据的。
这种题型常用提问方式有:
1. The passage is intended to _________
2. The passage implies that_______
3. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
4. It can be concluded from the passage that________
5. We can conclude from the article that_______
6. The writer implies that _________
7. The author suggests that _______
8. An inference which may be made from the article is _______
9. According to the article, many people may ________
10. The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______
11. The paragraph preceding this one may discuss
12. In the paragraph following this one ,we may expect the author to discuss________
13. What does the paragraph preceding this one probably discuss
14. What does the writer imply about.
15. Which of the following can be inferred from the article
16. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage
17. Where would this paragraph most probably be found
18. Where would this paragraph most probably appear
(五)作者态度题
除了第三类题型外,根据文章领会作者的态度和情绪的问题也相当难。这类题要求考生从文章的论述方法、语气和 词造句中把握作者对人与事的好恶,了解作者的态度和情感。
常用的提问方式有:
1.Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with
2.The author seems to be in favor of the idea of ________
3.Whats the authors opinion
4.What does the writer think of .
5.The authors attitude towards might be best summarized as________
6.In the writers opinion,______
7.The author of the passage seems to be ____
8.The tone of the author is ________
9.The authors purpose of writing this article is _______
10.How does the author feel about
11.The tone of the author can best be described as______
12.Whats the tone of the passage
13.From the passage we know that the author_______--
14.It can be seen from the passage that the author regards with ______
15.By using the expression , the author implies that ________
二、解题步骤和方法
归纳起来, 阅读理解的解题步骤可以称之为三步曲:即分以下三个步骤:
(1)快速阅读文章后的4~5道题目,并将题目中的关键词(一般为实词,并且含有重要信息)用笔划下来。这样做的目的有两个:一是以获得将要阅读的文章的大概意思,二是为解题做好准备。
(2) 使用前述的各个层次产阅读技巧和方法快速阅读原文。一边阅读一边划出文章中的含有重要信息的词、短语或句子。如果将文章中的重要信息都划出来了,到第三步解题时寻找所需信息就容易了。这比盲目地寻找方便得多。
(3) 解题时首先判断当前的题目属于哪种题型,然后用不同的方法解不同的题目。
(一) 客观细
根据所划的关键词到原文中找对应词:指出文章中与题中所划关键词的意思或相近对应词。该对应词可能与关键词相同也可能不同。对应词所在的句子或句子部分极可能为包含解题信息的信息句。将该句认真阅读后,再将四个答案与该句内容 一对照后,就会发现有一答案的信息与信息句的信息大致相同,则该答案即为正确答案。
(二) 词义题
词义题可人为两类:一类是生词,而另一类是常见词。考题问它在特定语境中的具体意思。解这两类词义题可遵循同样的方法:找到该词在原文中的位置,然后运用猜测词义法,根据上下文所提供的各种线索猜测或确定它们的词义。
(三) 中心思想题
用略读法将首尾两段(或首尾部分)快速浏览一下,然后快速寻找和浏览一下其他段落的topic sentence, 将这些内容结合起来,原文的中心思想就一目了然。四个答案中最接近这个中心意思的就是正确答案。
(四) 主观判断题
这类题难度较大,具体解题方法也各不相同。但总体来说,根据题中的关键词或主要内容从原文中找到相关信息。透过它的表层意思,将它所隐含的深层意思(IMPLIED MEANING)理解透彻,并根据其深层意思做出合理的推断、预测或引申。
(五) 作者态度题
这类题也属于高难度的题型。做此类题时考生要注意分清什么是作者的客观陈述什么是自己的观点和态度。这就要求考生从文章的论述方式、语气、 遣词造句中把握作者的观点、态度、倾向和情感等。