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选择填空新四级新题之一
I.考点分析：妙手空空术
简要交代一要考试形式：与传统考题的完形相似，但十个空格有A到O十五个选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。
选词填空，当然要考词汇。但比之以往专门的词汇题不同的是，它是更完全的更高层次的考察;与此前传统阅读理解里的词汇题相比，只是后者的一个扩展，实质并无不同。它们所考察的，都是在篇章中对词汇的把握。其实也就是：遇到生词怎么办?有句子，有文章，你搞定给我看!再直白一点：考的就是在上下文中猜测词义的能力妙手空空!
所以这种考察不是莫名其妙的，而是为了纠正我们词汇学习中的一大误区：只知背，不会猜。从来都不乏这样一个似乎天经地义的观念：不认识单词，怎么懂得句子?而真相往往是：抓住了句子文章的要点，单词不在话下。这些要点是什么?我们一边讲解题方法，一边体会。
II.解题方法
一、尽量辨性
把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。
1.动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。
2.记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴，往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件英语后缀。
3.分不出的，词性不一定无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必赌气誓死纠缠，结果可能把自己缠死。
4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。
以真题为例，其选项如下：
A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N) worth;O) strike
名词：B,F,H,K,M
谓语动词：A,D,O
非谓语动词：L
形容词：E, G, J, N
副词：C和I
注意：所谓的尽量辨性一是要穷尽一切办法，不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行，不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的又没其它办法，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。
二、灵活求解
将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二才是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。
1.确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围
1)关于动词的判断
l 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词
l 根据一句有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but..
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
l 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.
2)其它词的判断
l 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词后必有名词
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.
l 副词修饰形容词或动词
, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
l 谓语动词前有名词主语
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
l 介词后面必有名词
As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
二、句里句外，猜测词义
一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰
词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
Strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么?最好的当然是现象。
二看逻辑：
1.句内
As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就下降，当然是风的速度或风力。
So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相类。与干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.
2.前文
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气现象。
表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。
与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。
还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。
递进：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also
转折：however/but/rather/instead
因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence
3.后文
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
三看习惯用法：固定搭配
Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用?worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。
III.总结
选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力，其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。
先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。
再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的周边环境。
有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示性质，状态，程度 purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业 hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude
16)-ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure，
17-grapy, 表示学，写法 biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示学论biology, zoology, technology
20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy
2. 形容词后缀
带有属性，倾向，相关的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示使成为，引起，使有 quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示使，令 finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示成为，处理，作用 separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地
-wise：clockclockwise顺时针方向的;likelikewise同样地
-wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地
附二：真题及参考答案
El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
A) estimate
B) strength
C) deliberately
D) notify
E) tropical
F) phenomenon
G) stable
H) attraction
I) completely
J) destructive
K) starvation
L) bringing
M) exhaustion
N) worth
O) strike
参考答案：
47. P phenomenon
48. B strength
49. E tropical
50. L bringing
51. K starvation
52. J destructive
53. N worth
54. A estimate
55. O strike
56. I completely
选择填空新四级新题之一
I.考点分析：妙手空空术
简要交代一要考试形式：与传统考题的完形相似，但十个空格有A到O十五个选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。
选词填空，当然要考词汇。但比之以往专门的词汇题不同的是，它是更完全的更高层次的考察;与此前传统阅读理解里的词汇题相比，只是后者的一个扩展，实质并无不同。它们所考察的，都是在篇章中对词汇的把握。其实也就是：遇到生词怎么办?有句子，有文章，你搞定给我看!再直白一点：考的就是在上下文中猜测词义的能力妙手空空!
所以这种考察不是莫名其妙的，而是为了纠正我们词汇学习中的一大误区：只知背，不会猜。从来都不乏这样一个似乎天经地义的观念：不认识单词，怎么懂得句子?而真相往往是：抓住了句子文章的要点，单词不在话下。这些要点是什么?我们一边讲解题方法，一边体会。
II.解题方法
一、尽量辨性
把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。辨性要注意下面几点。
1.动词还要两分，那就是谓语和非谓语动词。所谓非谓语动词，就是-ing, -ed, to do型的，其它的都是谓语动词。但-ed型的有两种可能性，无法确定的要先打问号。
2.记不得的，看后缀。有构词法中，前缀管意思，后缀管词性。所以看一个词的尾巴，往往能大致分出词性。请参照附件英语后缀。
3.分不出的，词性不一定无法确定的，暂时搁置，不必赌气誓死纠缠，结果可能把自己缠死。
4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。
以真题为例，其选项如下：
A) estimate;B) strength;C) deliberately;D) notify;E) tropical;F) phenomenon;G) stable;H) attraction;I) completely;J) destructive;K) starvation;L) bringing;M) exhaustion;N) worth;O) strike
名词：B,F,H,K,M
谓语动词：A,D,O
非谓语动词：L
形容词：E, G, J, N
副词：C和I
注意：所谓的尽量辨性一是要穷尽一切办法，不要说不认识就拉倒。即使从没见过，也想办法看能否判断其词性，这也是阅读中的要旨。词的性质有时比词义还重要。第二是尽量辨了就行，不一定每个都能辨出来。词的性质并不总是固定的，有些不认识的又没其它办法，可先搁置，不要过度纠缠。
二、灵活求解
将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应的线索了。选项与文章匹配的因素有两个，第一是词性，第二才是词义。所以在读文章时，要通过各种手段来确定空格的词性与意义。
1.确定词性，确定在选项中的选择范围
1)关于动词的判断
l 前后都是名词短语，中间是动词
l 根据一句有且只有一个谓动的原则，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词;反之则不需要谓语动词。
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but..
Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
l 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。
The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru.
2)其它词的判断
l 形容词或名词修饰名词，限定词后必有名词
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history.
l 副词修饰形容词或动词
, but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
l 谓语动词前有名词主语
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
l 介词后面必有名词
As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
二、句里句外，猜测词义
一看搭配：主谓宾、主系表与修饰
词直接的搭配关系决定着词的意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一种关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
Strange修饰47，也许看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生的是什么?最好的当然是现象。
二看逻辑：
1.句内
As the trade winds lessen in 48, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
此句有一个状语从句，as表示的时间或因果关系，是重要的解题线索。风的什么减少，温度就下降，当然是风的速度或风力。
So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相类。与干旱、收成不好一家的，很容易选出starvation饥荒.
2.前文
This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过的某个东西。前面讲到过的核心概念就是El Nino, 无疑是一种天气现象。
表示可从前文找相应线索的有两类。
与this一大类的还有：This/these/such; the same/similar; worse/better/more/less等。
还有就是表示逻辑关系的句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要的如下。
递进：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also
转折：however/but/rather/instead
因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence
3.后文
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
段落开始部分，提出一个总的概括性的说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino究竟带来的是什么样的天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚。
三看习惯用法：固定搭配
Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage.
此处考的是worth这个词的特殊用法。它本是一个形容词，但可用?worth of sth, 来表明价值某物的某东西。
III.总结
选择填空考的是猜测词义的能力，其核心在于通过各种线索来确定词性和意义，从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也相应产生。
先通过词的后缀等对选项进行合理的分类，分不出的可先模糊处理。
再通过文章逐一确定空格所需要的词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处的位置，它的周边环境。
有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找;而段首的抽象表达可能要从下文找到钥匙。
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度 importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示动作，性质，状态 possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示等级，领域，状态 freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示资格，身份, 年纪，状态 childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示行为的过程，结果，状况 action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示性质，状态，程度 purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示性质，状态，程度 goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业 hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示动作，性质，过程，状态 depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示性质，状态，程度 latitude, altitude
16)-ure, 表示行为，结果 exposure, pressure, failure, procedure，
17-grapy, 表示学，写法 biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示学法 logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示学论biology, zoology, technology
20)-nomy, 表示学术 astronomy, economy, bionomy
2. 形容词后缀
带有属性，倾向，相关的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示做成，变成，化modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示使成为，引起，使有 quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示使化, 使成beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示使，令 finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示成为，处理，作用 separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
-ly：badbadly坏地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地
-wise：clockclockwise顺时针方向的;likelikewise同样地
-wards：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地
附二：真题及参考答案
El Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange 47 happens every five to eight years.
It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds, which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48 , the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.
The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid air over the ocean causes severe 49 thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and 51.
El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 El Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.
Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino will 55 , but they are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.
A) estimate
B) strength
C) deliberately
D) notify
E) tropical
F) phenomenon
G) stable
H) attraction
I) completely
J) destructive
K) starvation
L) bringing
M) exhaustion
N) worth
O) strike
参考答案：
47. P phenomenon
48. B strength
49. E tropical
50. L bringing
51. K starvation
52. J destructive
53. N worth
54. A estimate
55. O strike
56. I completely
