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名师精讲大学英语四级议论文写作课程笔记三

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  Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, Cancer Stick . Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would seriously affect an adult s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers , according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places.

  (2)议论文中常用的词句与短语

  一.数据对比用语:

  1. are similar in their range of indicators

  2. cause / lead to a rapid / slow increase / decrease in the number / amount of

  3. cause to drop

  4. climb dramatically from to

  5. constitutes about percent

  6. continue to rise / fall

  7. continue to widen / shorten

  8. declines to less than percent.

  9. drop / fall to as many / much / little as

  10. fall / rise / increase / decrease dramatically

  11. fluctuates between

  12. grow only marginally from to

  13. increase / decrease slowly

  14. increase/ decrease lightly

  15. is doubled

  16. is inversely proportional to

  17. is significantly lower / higher than

  18. lead to an increased number / amount of

  19. level off / remain constant at

  20. lower the percentage of

  21. maintain approximately the same number of

  22. narrow down to

  23. occupy a greater percentage of

  24. peak / top at

  25. range from to

  26. remain below

  27. rise / fall / increase / decrease sharply

  28. rise above

  29. rise to approximately

  30. take up one third of

  31. times smaller / larger than

  32. totals / amounts to / reaches / arrives at / stays at

  33. varies greatly / slightly between and

  34. A very noticeable trend is the steady increase / decrease in

  35. As is shown in / As can be seen from / According to ----the table / table /

  graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics /diagram shows /

  illustrates /describes / indicates / reveals that

  36. It is clear / apparent from--- the table / graph / pie chart / bar chart /

  figure /

  37. it reached a peak of

  statistics / diagram that

  38. the number / amount of consumed per head/ per person

  39. The number of remains stable.

  40. The number of remains unchanged.

  41. The number tapers off.

  42. The percentage has been falling steadily.

  43. The percentage is less than that of

  44. The table / graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics

  shows...

  45. There are many variations in numbers of

  46. There is a gradual increase / decrease

  47. There is a large increase / decrease in

  48. There is a reduction in

  49. There is a significant increase/ rise in

  50. There is a smaller percentage of

  51. There is an obvious increase / decrease in

  52. There is not a great deal of difference between the percentage of

  

  Smoking is a bad habit that does a lot of harm to human health. Cigarette smoking does great harm to human health. In many cases, cigarette has proved to be the direct cause of such a fatal disease as cancer-hence its nickname, Cancer Stick . Experts say that smoking one cigarette can reduce one s life by about 15 minutes and that chain smoking is far more hazardous. Recent findings of medical research show that even a tiny drop of nicotine can kill a large animal like a horse. Some medical reports have also proved that heavy smoking would seriously affect an adult s sexuality, and smoking after a meal also disturbs one s digestive system. Cigarette smoking not only jeopardizes the physical health of a smoker, it also affects the health of a nonsmoker who passively inhales the polluted air into his or her lungs when he or she is exposed to a winding shroud of cigarette smoke. The impact on such passive smokers , according to the experts in the medical field, can be even more damaging, and that is why smoking is usually prohibited in most public places.

  (2)议论文中常用的词句与短语

  一.数据对比用语:

  1. are similar in their range of indicators

  2. cause / lead to a rapid / slow increase / decrease in the number / amount of

  3. cause to drop

  4. climb dramatically from to

  5. constitutes about percent

  6. continue to rise / fall

  7. continue to widen / shorten

  8. declines to less than percent.

  9. drop / fall to as many / much / little as

  10. fall / rise / increase / decrease dramatically

  11. fluctuates between

  12. grow only marginally from to

  13. increase / decrease slowly

  14. increase/ decrease lightly

  15. is doubled

  16. is inversely proportional to

  17. is significantly lower / higher than

  18. lead to an increased number / amount of

  19. level off / remain constant at

  20. lower the percentage of

  21. maintain approximately the same number of

  22. narrow down to

  23. occupy a greater percentage of

  24. peak / top at

  25. range from to

  26. remain below

  27. rise / fall / increase / decrease sharply

  28. rise above

  29. rise to approximately

  30. take up one third of

  31. times smaller / larger than

  32. totals / amounts to / reaches / arrives at / stays at

  33. varies greatly / slightly between and

  34. A very noticeable trend is the steady increase / decrease in

  35. As is shown in / As can be seen from / According to ----the table / table /

  graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics /diagram shows /

  illustrates /describes / indicates / reveals that

  36. It is clear / apparent from--- the table / graph / pie chart / bar chart /

  figure /

  37. it reached a peak of

  statistics / diagram that

  38. the number / amount of consumed per head/ per person

  39. The number of remains stable.

  40. The number of remains unchanged.

  41. The number tapers off.

  42. The percentage has been falling steadily.

  43. The percentage is less than that of

  44. The table / graph / pie chart / bar chart / figure / statistics

  shows...

  45. There are many variations in numbers of

  46. There is a gradual increase / decrease

  47. There is a large increase / decrease in

  48. There is a reduction in

  49. There is a significant increase/ rise in

  50. There is a smaller percentage of

  51. There is an obvious increase / decrease in

  52. There is not a great deal of difference between the percentage of

  

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