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广安市2024高考英语阅读理解一轮系列训练（27）
阅读理解。阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。
Aside from doing schoolwork and studying,American students must also participate in various extra-curricular activities.Many students get involved in their communities by doing volunteer work at various local organizations.In fact,the school I attend even requires students to perform a certain number of hours of volunteer work per semester.It is part of our study hall(自修课)grade,as well as a graduation requirement.
There are many places to do volunteer work in the community.Some of my classmates volunteer at the local animal shelter,the community table(which provides free meals for needy families),charity(慈善)stores,and many others.Finding a suitable place to volunteer usually depends on what’s available,as well as personal interests.For example,a friend of mine who enjoys swimming volunteers at the recreation center to teach young children how to swim.
With all these options out there,I ended up doing most of my volunteer work at a school library and a non-profit bookstore called Friends of the Library.This bookstore sells donated books at cheap prices,and all the profits made are donated to the local library.
I thought it was very fitting that I do my volunteer work at a library and a bookstore,because reading has always been very important to me.I love working in the bookstore now,because every sale we make helps our public library expand,and gives it the funds needed to purchase new books.
I think everyone should have the opportunity to read,and that we each should do our part to help those who don’t have the chance.There is a charity event,called One Book for A Window of Opportunity,in which Chinese students can donate a book to the children of the poor village Fangmaping.They don’t have a lot of resources,so reading can be a challenge.To find out more about this event,please visit:http://bbs.enfamily.cn/thread-739278-1-1.html.
【文章大意】本文讲述的是美国学生根据自己的兴趣爱好以志愿者的形式参加课后的实践活动,以及作者自己参加课外活动后的经历和体会。
1.This passage is written by .
A.a Chinese student
B.an American student
C.a Chinese teacher
D.an American teacher
解析:细节推断题。第一段中“Aside from doing schoolwork and studying,American students must also participate in various extra-curricular activities...the school I attend even requires students...”可以看出本文是以美国学生的口吻写的。
答案:B
.This passage is supposed to write to .
A.villagers in Fangmaping
B.the writer’s parents
C.Chinese readers
D.American readers
解析:细节推断题。最后一段中“There is a charity event,called One Book for A Window of Opportunity,in which Chinese students can donate a book to the children of the poor village Fangmaping.”可以看出这是一个慈善平台,叫作“书之窗”,中国的学生可以将书捐到那些贫困的山区。
答案:C
3.The writer chose to do volunteer work at .
A.a local animal shelter
B.a charity store
C.a recreation center
D.a library and a bookstore
解析:细节推断题。第四段中“I thought it was very fitting that I do my volunteer work at a library and a bookstore,because reading has always been very important to me.”可以看出因为我认为阅读对我很重要,所以我在图书馆和书店做志愿者工作。
答案:D
.By writing the article,the writer hopes to .
A.meet the graduation requirement
B.look for another volunteer job
C.get more chances to read
D.encourage people to offer help
解析:推断分析题。最后一段中“I think everyone should have the opportunity to read,and that we each should do our part to help those who don’t have the chance”可以看出我认为每个人都有机会去读书,每个人都应该尽自己所能去帮助那些没有机会读书的人。
答案:D
阅读理解 (2024·吉安模拟) Clothes can make phone calls, play music, dial your pal’s number, keep you warm during cold weather and operate your computer.
This is not a fantasy. A British company, called Electrotextiles, has created a wide range of clothes—clothes that have minds of their own! Scientists, working for the company, have invented a kind of fabric that can be blended(混合)with flexible electronic materials to create intelligent clothing. The result is electronic garments.
If you think the wearer has to be wired to different devices, think again. These designer clothes are wire-free, soft to touch and washable! Like any electronic device, these high-tech clothes have to be powered. Currently, a tiny nine-volt battery serves the purpose. But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. These clothes are 100 percent shock proof, they say.
The Electrotextiles team has also created the world’s first cloth keyboard. This keyboard can be sewn into your trousers or skirt. To use this device, you will have to sit down and tap on your lap! These“lap-tap”gadgets(器具)are all set to take over laptop computers!
Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat comfortably with others at the wheel! Other popular electronic wear includes the denim(牛仔布)jacket with flexible earphones sewn into the hood(风帽)and the electronic ski jacket with a built-in heater. The ski jacket is also programmed to send signals to a satellite. This technology is known as global positioning system and can be used to track lost skiers and wandering kids.
Having completed the cloth keyboard, scientists have already started to work on a new project—a necktie that can be used as a computer mouse. What is the next? Do you have any idea?
【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。主要介绍了一些高科技的布料、衣服等, 这些新发明有各种各样的功能, 比如打电话、听歌。
1. The electronic garments are similar to other electronic devices in that .
A. they feel smooth and soft
B. they use electricity as power
C. they can be washed in water
D. they are made from flexible materials
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第三句话Like any electronic device, these high-tech clothes have to be powered. 可知, 像其他电子产品一样, 这种高科技的衣服也必须用电来作为动力。
2. How will researchers improve these high-tech clothes?
A. Body heat will be used as power.
B. The wearer will not get shocked.
C. A tiny nine-volt battery will work.
D. They will get charged automatically.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话But the researchers hope that in the near future the clothes will generate electricity by using body heat. 可知A正确。
3. What does the underlined phrase“This handy invention”in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A. The laptop computer.
B. The electronic ski jacket.
C. The shirt-cum-mobile phone.
D. The world’s first cloth keyboard.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。由第五段的Another useful garment is the shirt-cum-mobile phone. This handy invention enables drivers to chat. . . 可知, 这里很明显是指代前文的the shirt-cum-mobile phone。
4. The main purpose of the text is .
A. to advertise for an English company
B. to predict the future trend of science
C. to show how rapidly science develops
D. to introduce some intelligent clothing
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知作者是向我们介绍几种智能的衣服、布料等。
阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2024·绍兴统考)When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science.
Robert Wayne of the University of California, Los Angeles, and Jennifer Leonard of the Smithsonian Institute, used DNA material—some of it unearthed by miners in Alaska—to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia and accompanied the first humans to the New World about 10, 000 to 15, 000 years ago. Wayne suggests that man’s best friend may have enabled the tough journey from Asia into North America. “Dogs may have been the reason people made it across the land bridge, ”said Wayne. “They can pull things, carry things, defend you from fierce animals, and they’re useful to eat. ”
Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication(驯化)of wolves thousands of years ago. Before this recent study, a common thought about the precise origin of North America’s domestic dog was that Natives domesticated local wolves, the descendants(后代)of which now live with people in Alaska, Canada, and the Lower 48.
Dog remains from a Fairbanks-area gold mine helped the scientists reach their conclusion. Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost(永冻层)until Fairbanks miners uncovered them in the 1920s. The miners donated the preserved bones to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where they remained untouched for more than 70 years. After borrowing the bones from the museum, Leonard and her colleagues used radiocarbon techniques to find the age of the Alaska dogs. They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. “The bones of dogs that wandered the Fairbanks area centuries ago should therefore be the remains of pure native American dogs, ”Leonard said. The DNA of the Fairbanks dogs would also expose whether they were the descendants of wolves from North America.
Along with the Fairbanks samples, the researchers collected DNA from bones of 37 dog specimens(标本)from Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia that existed before the arrival of Columbus. In the case of both the Alaska dogs and the dogs from Latin America, the researchers found that they shared the most genetic material with gray wolves of Europe and Asia. This supports the idea of domestic dogs entering the New World with the first human explorers who wandered east over the land bridge.
Leonard and Wayne’s study suggests that dogs joined the first humans that made the adventure across the Bering Land Bridge to slowly populate the Americas. Wayne thinks the dogs that made the trip must have provided some excellent service to their human companions or they would not have been brought along. “Dogs must have been useful because they were expensive to keep, ”Wayne said. “They didn’t feed on mice; they fed on meat, which was a very guarded resource. ”
【文章大意】本文是科普性文章。说明了在几千年前狗陪同人们一起跨过白令大陆桥进入北美大陆, 并且在此繁殖起来。而通过检测发掘出的狗骨头的DNA也证实了这一点。
1. The underlined word“remains”is closest in meaning to“ ”.
A. leftover food B. animal waste
C. dead bodies
D. living environment
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话“Leonard, an evolutionary biologist, collected DNA from 11 bones of ancient dogs that were locked in permafrost”说明是在永冻层发现的狗的骨头, 所以remains应该是尸体。故C正确。
. According to the study described in Paragraph 4, we can learn that .
A. ancient dogs entered North America between 1450 and 1675 A. D.
B. the 11 bones of ancient dogs are not from native American dogs
C. the bones discovered by the gold miners were from North American wolves
D. the bones studied were not from dogs brought into North America by Europeans
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据“They found the dogs all lived between the years of 1450 and 1675 A. D. , before Vitus Bering and Aleksey Chirikov who were the first known Europeans to view Alaska in 1741. . . ”可判断出被研究的骨头不是欧洲人带到北美的狗的骨头。所以D正确。
. What can we know from the passage?
A. Native Americans domesticated local wolves into dogs.
B. Scientists discovered some ancient dog remains in the 1920s.
C. Latin America’s dogs are different from North America’s in genes.
D. Ancient dogs entered North America across the Bering Land Bridge.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段“When people first walked across the Bering Land Bridge thousands of years ago, dogs were by their sides, according to a study published in the journal Science. ”可知D正确。
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The origin of the North American dogs.
B. The DNA study of ancient dogs in America.
C. The reasons why early people entered America.
D. The difference between Asian and American dogs.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。文章第一段提到狗和人们一同跨过the Bering Land Bridge, 第二、三、四、五段研究狗的DNA“to conclude that today’s domestic dog originated in Asia”, “Researchers have agreed that today’s dog is the result of the domestication of wolves thousands of years ago”, 所以文章中心是谈论北美的狗的起源。
With the tears streaming down her face，she put her two hands to her lips，and kissed them to Him; then clasped(紧握着)them on her breast，as if she laid his ruined head there．
“You are not the gaoler’s(监狱长)daughter ?”
She sighed“No. ”
“Who are you ?”
Not yet trusting the tones of her voice，she sat down on the bench beside him．He drew back but she laid her hand upon his arm．A strange thrill struck him when she did so, and visibly passed over his frame; he laid the knife down softly，as he sat staring at her．
Her golden hair，which she wore in long curls，had been hurriedly pushed aside，and fell down over her neck．Advancing his hand by little and little，he took it up and looked at it．In the middle of the action he went astray，and，with another deep sigh，fell to work at his shoemaking．
But lot for long．Releasing his arm，she laid her hand upon his shoulder．After looking doubtfully at it，two or three times，as if to be sure that it was really there，he laid down his work，put his hand to his neck，and took off a blackened string with a scrap of folded rag attached to it．
He opened this，carefully，on his knee，and it contained a very little quantity of hair：not more than one or two long golden hairs，which he had，in some old day，wound on upon his finger．
He took her hair into his hand again，and looked closely at it．“It is the same．How can it be!
When was it! How was it!”
As the concentrating expression returned to his forehead，he seemed to become conscious that it was in hers too．He turned her full to the light，and looked at her．
“She had laid her head upon my shoulder，that night when I was summoned(传唤)out—she had a fear of my going，though I had none—and when I was brought to the North Tower they found these upon my sleeve．‘You will leave me them? They can never help me to escape in the body，though they may in the spirit．’Those were the words I said．I remember them very well. ”
He formed this speech with his lips many times before he could utter it．But when he did find spoken words for it，they came to him coherently(连贯地)，though slowly．
“How was this?一Was it you? ”
1．The underlined word“it” in the passage refers to“
A．her hair
B．her hand
C．his arm
D．his shoulder
2．The passage is most probably taken from
