【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
【专题九】名词性从句
【考情分析1．what，that引导名词性从句的区别；
2．whether，if引导名词性从句的区别；
3．名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别；
4．it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况；
5．名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
【知识归纳】
考点一：名词性从句分类
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
（一）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g. Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
注意：that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
（二）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.
注意：引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
（三）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
注意1：whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
注意2以下情况只能用whether
⑴介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导
⑵whether 可与不定式连用
⑶whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，让步状语从句，以上从句中均不能换成if
⑷宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.
They don’t know whether to go there.
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.
My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句）
Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句）
That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句）
需要注意的是：引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是不可以省略的
2． 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever
Eg:Who will take his place is unknown.
That is what he is worried about.
I have no idea which team will win.
注意：连接代词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
3． 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
Eg:Where she has gone s not known yet.
Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.
This is why he is late.
You have no idea how worried I was.
注意：连接副词有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
总结：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式，而应用陈述语序。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
考点三
that 和what 引导的名词性从句
that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成分；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或表语。如：
That he stole a bike was true.
他真的偷了一辆自行车。
The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.
重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。
考点四 if和whether引导的名词性从句
whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接，不用if。如：
I don’t care about whether you have money or not.
我并不在意你是否有钱。
介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。如：
I could say nothing but that I was angry.
我无话可说，只是感到生气。
考点五 “疑问词”及“疑问词＋ever”引导的名词性从句
1．如何选择这些引导词呢？根据它们的意思和从句所缺的成分进行选择
(1)who意为“谁”，在从句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。
(2)whom意为“谁”，在从句中用作宾语，一般可以用who来取代，但在介词后面时只能用whom。
(3)whose意为“谁的”，在从句中用作定语。
(4)which意为“哪一个”，在从句中用作定语。
(5)when意为“什么时候”，在从句中用作时间状语；where意为“哪里”，在从句中用作地点状语；how意为“怎样，多么……”，在从句中用作状语；why意为“为什么”，在从句中用作原因状语。
2．连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。
3．who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”，相当于anything that.../anyone who...。 如：
Whoever wants to go may go.
无论谁想去都可以去。
Do you know who can repair a bike?
你知道谁会修自行车吗？
You can have whatever food you want.
你想吃什么都可以。
He can do what he wants to.
他可以(能够)想做什么就做什么。
【提醒】
(1)介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides, in等之后才用。
(2)引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个that不可以省略。
(3)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。
(4)doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。
(5)连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。
1. 在主语从句中, 下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”,should可省略。 “It is+形容词+that ... ”句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等。I was surprised/shocked that the boy should shout at his head teacher. 这位男生竟然对班主任大声嚷嚷,我感到很吃惊。 It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼,真是奇怪。 “It is +名词+that ...”句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议,建议),requirement, request, desire, order等。It’s really a wonder that all the passengers on board should have been saved while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.
③ “It is+动词的过去分词+ that ... ”句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。如: It was ordered that no parking allowed in front of the building.. 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议), requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如: It’s his suggestion made yesterday that webuying a flat.
3. 在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。这类动词有:insist(坚持), urge(催促), order(命令),command(命令), request(请求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建议),advise(建议),propose(建议) , recommend(建议, 推荐) 等。如:1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight. 2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
4. 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例： I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了) He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲) I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了). As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. 【2024陕西卷】
A whatever
B. whichever
C. whenever
D. wherever
1.B 考查名词性从句。句意：由于提供了五个课程，因此你可以自由选择最适合你的那一个。
所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，故正确答案为B。
2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. 【2024北京卷】
A. why
B. how
C. that
D. whether
2 C。本题考查名词性从句。宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。故正确答案为C。
3．It suddenly occurred to him ____he had left his keys in the office. 【2024江西卷】
A．whether B．where C．which D．that
3.D考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. [2024湖南高考真题
A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. when 4.C
本题考查名词性从句引导的用法。根据空后的or可知为whether … or短语。
5. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2024重庆卷】
A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. that
4. D考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D选项。
5.The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 【2024安徽卷】
A. where
B. whether
C.
that
D.
why
5.B 考查名词性从句。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉， but whether he reaches these limits作为句子主语. It is by no means clear _____the president can do to end the strike. 【2024全国新课程】
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
6. D 本题考查主语从句。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。故空格处应使用兼语词what, 故正确答案D。
