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2024年高考第二轮复习英语山东版
题型技法指导
专题三 阅读理解
真题试做
(2024山东高考)
A
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place.Now it is an ecological disaster area.Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years，Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru，far from western civilization.The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798.He was the British captain of the Hunter，a whaling ship.He called the island Pleasant Island.
However，because it was very remote，Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first.Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit，bringing guns and alcohol.These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.A tenyear civil war started，which reduced the population from 1400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.In fact，it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate，which is a very important fertilizer for farming.The company began mining the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground；it is a strip mine.When a company stripmines，it removes the top layer of soil.Then it takes away the material it wants.Stripmining totally destroys the land.Gradually，the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968，Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately，the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.In addition，they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out.Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.By 2000，Nauru was almost financially ruined.Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.This will probably never happen.
56．What might be the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B．To give a warning to other countries.
C．To show the importance of money.
D．To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
57．What was Nauru like before the Europeans came?
A．Rich and powerful.
B．Modern and open.
C．Peaceful and attractive.
D．Greedy and aggressive.
58．The ecological disaster in Nauru resulted from ______.
A．soil pollution
B．phosphate overmining
C．farming activity
D．whale hunting
59．Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem?
A．Its leaders misused the money.
B．It spent too much repairing the island.
C．Its phosphate mining cost much money.
D．It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
60．What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph?
A．The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B．The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
C．The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.
D．The phosphate mines were destroyed.
B
One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual.In 1879，Oxford University in England asked Prof.James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language.It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used.
This was a huge task，so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain，the United States，and the British colonies to search every newspaper，magazine，and book ever written in English.Hundreds of volunteers responded，including William Chester Minor.Dr.Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England.He gave his address as “Broadmoor，Crowthorne，Berkshire，” 50 miles from Oxford.
Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray.Over the next 17 years，he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.
But he was also a mystery.In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit Oxford.So in 1897，Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself.When he arrived，he found Minor locked in a booklined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院)for the Criminally Insane.
Murray and Minor became friends，sharing their love of words.Minor continued contributing to the dictionary，sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years.Murray continued to visit Minor regularly，sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.
In 1910，Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America.Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.
Minor died in 1920，seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed.The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words，and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.
61．According to the text，the first Oxford English Dictionary ______.
A．came out before Minor died
B．was edited by an American volunteer
C．included the English words invented by Murray
D．was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary
62．How did Dr.Minor contribute to the dictionary?
A．He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.
B．He sent newspapers，magazines and books to Murray.
C．He provided a great number of words and quotations.
D．He went to England to work with Murray.
63．Why did Dr.Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
A．He was shut in an asylum.
B．He lived far from Oxford.
C．He was busy writing a book.
D．He disliked traveling.
64．Prof.Murray and Dr.Minor became friends mainly because ______.
A．they both served in the Civil War
B．they had a common interest in words
C．Minor recovered with the help of Murray
D．Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor
65．Which of the following best describes Dr.Minor?
A．Brave and determined.
B．Cautious and friendly.
C．Considerate and optimistic.
D．Unusual and scholarly.
66．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The history of the English language.
B．The friendship between Murray and Minor.
C．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary.
D．Broadmoor Asylum and its patients.
C
San Francisco has its cable cars.Seattle has its Space Needle.And，Longview has its squirrel bridge.The bridge，which has attracted international attention，is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder，Amos Peters，to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds.Before the bridge was built，squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels.Many times，Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth，and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety.The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会)．The Council approved，and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere jokingly named the bridge“Nutty Narrows”．
After architects designed the bridge，Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started construction.They built the 60foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带)．It cost $1,000.
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started.Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes.The story was picked up by the media，and Nutty Narrows became known in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983，after 20 years of use，Peters took down the wornout bridge.Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced.The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983，hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984，and a tenfoot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.
67．The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order to ______.
A．offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B．set up a local landmark
C．help improve traffic
D．protect squirrels
68．What happened over the coffee break discussion?
A．The committee got the Council's blessing.
B．The squirrel bridge idea was born.
C．A councilwoman named the bridge.
D．A squirrel was found dead.
69．What does the underlined phrase“teaching them the ropes”probably mean in the text?
A．Passing them a rope.
B．Directing them to store food for winter.
C．Teaching them a lesson.
D．Showing them how to use the bridge.
70．Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?
A．It was replaced by a longer one.
B．It was built from wood and metal.
C．It was rebuilt after years of use.
D．It was designed by Bill Hutch.
71．What can we learn about Amos Peters?
A．He is remembered for his love of animals.
B．He donated $1,000 to build the bridge.
C．He was a member of the City Council.
D．He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.
D
For those who are tired of doing the laundry，Samsung has found an answer：a washing machine that can tell you when your laundry is done via a smartphone app(application)．
Strange though it may seem—“my wife already does that”was a common response among attendees viewing the device when it was introduced at the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) this week—Samsung is just one of many appliance makers racing to install(安装)a large number of internetconnected features in machines in an effort to make them“smart.”
Last year，it was a refrigerator that tweeted.This year，it's WiFienabled laundry machines and fridges that can tell you when your groceries are going bad.
The washers and dryers，available starting in the spring，connect to any smartphone through a downloadable application.The phone can then be used as a remote control，so the machines can be turned on and off while their owner is at work or on the bus.
Samsung says it's not just something new—the app connection actually has some practical uses.
“If you started to dry clothes in the morning and forgot to take them out，you can go to your phone and restart your dryer for the time when you come home，so your clothes are refreshed and ready to go，”said spokesperson Amy Schmidt.
The company also says that with electricity rates(电价)varying depending on the time of day，more control over when the machines are used can help save money.
Perhaps，but what they will probably really accomplish is what all good technologies do—enable laziness.Rather than getting up to check on whether the laundry is done，users will instead monitor it on their phones while watching TV.
72．What can be inferred from the common response of the attendees at the CES?
A．The machine will be a big success.
B．Their wives like doing the laundry.
C．The machine is unrelated to their life.
D．This kind of technology is familiar to them.
73．What can we learn about the new laundry machines?
A．They can tell you when your clothes need washing.
B．They can be controlled with a smartphone.
C．They are difficult to operate.
D．They are sold at a low price.
74．We can conclude from Samsung's statements that ______.
A．the app connection makes life easier
B．it is better to dry clothes in the morning
C．smartphones can shorten the drying time
D．we should refresh clothes back at home
75．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．The laundry should be frequently checked.
B．Lazy people like using such machines.
C．Good technologies also cause problems.
D．Television may help do the laundry.
考向分析
山东近5年高考阅读理解题材、题型统计：
年份 篇目 题型
题材
细节理解题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 词义猜测题
2008 A 生活话题(电影节报道) 56,57,60 59
58
B 科技动向(手机短信报警系统) 62,63,64,65 61 66
C 人物故事(创业经历) 67,68,70 69,71
D 环境保护(少年环保组织) 72,74 73,75
2009 A 人物故事(捐献遗产，邻里互助) 56,57,59 58,60
B 生活话题(虚假广告与理性消费) 62,63 61,64,65
C 社会话题(提高烟税，尽快戒烟) 67 69,70 66 68
D 教育就业(选择经济专业，找份稳定职业) 71,72,74 73 75
2010 A 慈善事业(糖尿病患者建立慈善机构) 56,57,58,59 60
B 环境保护(如何应对包装浪费对环境的危害) 63 62,64,65
61
C 人物故事(成长经历) 66,67,69 68,70
D 科技报道(核能电池) 71,73,74 72,75
2011 A 人物故事(阿瑟·米勒生平及代表作) 56,59 57,58 60
B 人物故事(退休教师夫妇热心公益事业) 61,62,63,64 65
C 社会话题(学生贷款和大学学费上涨) 66,68,69,70 67
D 资讯报道(脑机接口技术的发明、原理和益处) 71,72,73,74
75
2024 A 环境保护(美丽富饶的岛国瑙鲁生态失衡) 57,58,59 60 56
B 人物故事(牛津英语词典编撰者不一般的人生) 61,62,63,64 65 66
C 动物保护(朗维尤松鼠桥的建立过程) 67,68,70 71
69
D 科技动向(智能手机控制的洗衣机) 73 72,74 75
合计 57 31 8 4
分析近几年高考试题，可以发现阅读理解题呈现如下特点：
1．话题新颖，题材、体裁多样
材料大多为时文，与社会日常生活息息相关，呈现出高度的生活化和多样化。选材真实，内容丰富，具有浓厚的时代气息，如环境保护、科技动向、人与自然等。这种关注实际生活的选材特点已呈现出明显的增强趋势。
题材多样，信息丰富，包括日常生活、科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、资讯、史地、人物传记等等，体现了很好的传承性；体裁以记叙文和说明文为主，对说明文的考查呈现越来越重要的趋势。
