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2024年高考第二轮复习英语安徽版 十、特殊句式和交际用语
真题试做
1．（2024·课标全国高考）—Which one of these do you want?
—______.Either will do.
A．I don't mind
B．I'm sure
C．No problem
D．Go ahead
2．（2024·天津高考）— Can I have a day off tomorrow，Mr. Johnson?
— ______.I can manage without you.
A．Forget it
B．I'm afraid not
C．It depends
D．Of course
3．（2024·天津高考）Only after Mary read her composition the second time ______ the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice
B．she noticed
C．does she notice
D．she has noticed
4．（2024·上海高考）Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.
A．managed she
B．she managed
C．did she manage
D．she did manage
5．（2024·上海高考）—Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?
—No，it was by improving work efficiency.
A．when
B．what
C．how
D．that
考向分析
从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法，交际用语主要考查语境和英语思维习惯。命题的着重点在以下几个方面：
1．考查倒装句式，特别注意以下三种情况：
（1）含有否定意义的词置于句首时，部分倒装。
（2）only位于句首修饰状语等，部分倒装。
（3）so / such...that句型中，so / such位于句首时，后面的主句倒装，that从句不倒装。
2．考查省略句的构成，尤其是以下四种情况：
（1）省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分。
（2）状语从句省略为“连词＋非谓语动词”形式，务必要明确句子主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系以及非谓语动词与谓语的时间关系。
（3）不定式的省略。
（4）not，so，neither，nor的“替代性”省略。
3．考查强调句型的构成和强调谓语的方法。近几年高考更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，以下几个方面要引起高度重视：
（1）强调句型的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式的构成。
（2）强调not...until...句型的特殊构成方式。
（3）把强调句型与定语从句、省略句以及强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
4．考查习惯应答类交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主、提问为辅，侧重考查上下句在语气上的和谐一致以及考生的英语思维意识。要求考生掌握一些常见的诸如打电话、问路、购物等交际话题的固定套语，以及表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。
5．考查语言结构类交际用语。常以习惯用法和变异句（如省略句）的方式呈现，侧重考查考生的识记能力和知识积累。要求考生依据对话情景和所掌握的正确交际用语来作出选择。
热点例析
考点一：倒装句
1．全部倒装常见的情况：
（1）here/there/out/in/up/down/away等副词置于句首，句子主语又是名词时，须用全部倒装语序。如：
Here is a letter for you.
Out rushed the children.
Away went the boy.
句子主语是代词时，不用倒装语序。如：
Here she comes.
Out they rushed.
（2）有的句子为了保持前后平衡、使上下文紧密衔接，或为了表达生动，或为了强调表语或状语，常采用全部倒装语序。如：
Present at the meeting will be the person who thinks up an idea for this programme.
（3）表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，须用全部倒装语序。如：
In front of his house sat a small boy.
（4）so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另一者时，须用全部倒装语序。如：
He is a doctor.So is his wife.
I have never been there，and neither has he.
so位于句首，但表示对前面所说情况的认同和强调、前后主语一致时，不用倒装，这时 so意为“的确，确实，真的”。如：
— He can speak English.
— So he can.
【典例分析】（2024·四川高考）This is not my story，nor______the whole story.My story plays out differently.
A．is there
B．there is
C．is it
D．it is
答案为C项。句意：这不是我的故事，也不是整个故事。我的故事结局是不同的。nor位于句首时，应用倒装结构。该句主语应该是it，故选C项。
（2010·重庆高考）At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ______，one of the ten largest cities in China.
A．lies Chongqing
B．Chongqing lies
C．does lie Chongqing
D．does Chongqing lie
答案为A项。表示地点或方位的副词、介词短语等位于句首作状语时，句子应用全部倒装，故选A项。
2．部分倒装常见的情况：
（1）含有否定意义的副词或连词never / not / nowhere / little / seldom / hardly / not only / no sooner等置于句首时，须用部分倒装语序。如：
Never shall I forget it.
Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
（2）only置于句首，修饰状语时，须用部分倒装语序。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well.
（3）as意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，把表语、状语或动词原形提前，并且作表语的名词提前时，不能带有冠词。如：
Pretty as she is，she is not clever.
Try as he would，he might fail again.
（4）表示“如此……以至于……”的so/such...that...句型，为强调而把so/such...置于句首时，须用部分倒装语序。如：
So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.
【典例分析】（2024·辽宁高考）Not until he retired from teaching three years ago ______ having a holiday abroad.
A．he had considered
B．had he considered
C．he considered
D．did he consider
答案为D项。句意：直到他三年前从教学岗位上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。否定意义的副词置于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序，且根据retired判断应用一般过去时，故D项正确。
（2024·陕西高考）Hot ______ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A．although
B．as
C．while
D．however
答案为B项。句意：尽管晚上天气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为经过长时间的旅行之后我们太累了。as 引导让步状语从句时需用倒装，其形式是将作表语的形容词或名词置于句首。
考点二：省略句
1．不定式的省略。某些动词后面可省略作宾语的不定式而只保留to。但to后有系动词be或助动词have时，be和have也应保留。如：
He did not give me the chance，though he had promised to （give me the chance）．
— Are you an engineer?
— No，but I want to be （an engineer）．
— He hasn't finished the task yet.
— Well，he ought to have （finished the task）．
2．在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，从句主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。如果主语与从句谓语是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，用过去分词。如：
While waiting / he was waiting there，he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.
If not / he is not invited，he won't go to your birthday party.
3．在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，其后动词是be时，可省去“主语＋be” 部分。如：
When （he was）still a boy of ten，he had to work day and night.
If （it is）necessary，I'll explain it to you again.
4．表示“除了”的介词but前若有实义动词do/does/did/done，后面的动词不定式不带to。如：
I could do nothing but wait there.
介词but前若没有动词do及其变化形式，后面的不定式带to。如：
We had no choice but to obey the rules.
【典例分析】（2010·全国高考）Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A．surprising
B．was surprised
C．surprised
D．being surprised
答案为C项。所选词的逻辑主语是the professor，故用surprised表示“惊讶的”。surprising意为“令人惊讶的”，不合句意。此处Though surprised to see us是状语从句Though he was surprised to see us的省略。
（2009·江苏高考）—What's the matter with Della?
—Well，her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party，but she still ______.
A．hopes to
B．hopes so
C．hopes not
D．hopes for
答案为A项。hope to do sth.表示“希望做某事”，根据语境判断此处是hopes to allow her to go to the party的省略。B项表示“她仍然希望这样（父母不允许她去参加聚会）”，显然不合语境。
考点三：强调句型
1．构成形式：it is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who/whom...
2．强调句型常用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语。该句型的主语总是无意义的it，不可换用this或that。无论强调什么，引导词都可用that，强调人时，引导词可用who / whom，不可使用其他引导词。如：
It was Li Ping that/whom I met in the park yesterday.
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
When and where was it that you were born?
3．not until置于句首时须用倒装语序。强调not...until...句型的时间状语时，要把not与until连在一起。如：
It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
4．在强调句型中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应同被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。如：
It is I who am responsible for the accident.
5．强调句型不能用来强调句子的谓语。需要强调谓语动词时，要借助于助动词do / does / did，表示“确实，真的，务必”之意。如：
Do sit down.
He does work very hard.
He did write to you last week.
【典例分析】（2024·湖南高考）It was not until I came here ______ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A．who
B．that
C．where
D．before
答案为B项。句意：直到来到此地我才意识到此处出名的不仅是它的美景而且还有这里的天气。判断是否是强调句式的方法是将it is/was...that去掉时句式是否完整。不难看出此处是强调not until引导的时间状语，故B项正确。
（2024·重庆高考）It was 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ______ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A．when
B．that
C．after
D．since
答案为B项。该题为强调句型。强调的是时间状语80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic，故用that来引导。句意：在哥伦布横渡大西洋80年前，郑和就已经航海到达了东非。
（2010·四川高考）If you have a job，______ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A．do devote
B．don't devote
C．devoting
D．not devoting
答案为A项。分析语法结构可知，if引导一个条件状语从句，后面应该是一个主句，所以首先排除非谓语动词的C、D项；再根据后面句意“最后你会成功的”可知应选A项。do在肯定句中表示强调，用来加强语气，意思是“务必，千万，确实”。
考点四：反意疑问句
构成形式：“肯定句＋否定疑问句”或“否定句＋肯定疑问句”
1．前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准；若前面部分为主从复合句，一般来说，以主句为准；但若主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，反意疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。
Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times，so he should have been in China now，shouldn't he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan，didn't he?
I don't think he is bright，is he?
2．前面句子含有must/can't/may等表示推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的实际时态及时间状语而定。
He must be a doctor，isn't he?
He must have finished it yesterday，didn't he?
3．前面部分有否定意义的no，nothing，nobody，never，few，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等词时，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形式。
Some plants never blossom，do they?
It is impossible，isn't it?
【典例分析】（2011·上海高考）It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party，______？
A．doesn't it
B．does it
C．don't they
D．do they
答案为B项。复合句的反义疑问句的构成原则就是与主句保持一致，该题主句部分为否定，所以答案为B项。句意：他们是否来参加你的聚会没有关系，是吗？
（2024·江苏高考）There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，______？
A．is there
B．isn't there
C．is he
D．isn't he
答案为A项。一般来说，复合句后面的反意疑问句应根据主句构成，可排除C、D项；该题主句中有否定意义的little，所以反问时用肯定形式，答案为A项。
考点五：社会交往类交际用语
1．介绍：
This is...
