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动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。
动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。
考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面：①动词的词义；②动词搭配；③及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；④熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等)。1．(2024·湖北，23)While intelligent people can often________the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.
A．sacrifice
B．substitute
C．simplify
D．survive
2．(2024·福建，28)Old－fashioned phones matter when wireless networks ________ in disasters.
A．turn down
B．turn out
C．break down
D．break out
3．(2024·湖北，24)According to the law, all foreigners have to________with the local police within two weeks of arrival.
A．associate
B．dispute
C．negotiate
D．register
4．(2024·江苏，23)—The town is so beautiful! I just love it.
—Me too.The character of the town is well ________.
A．qualified
B．preserved
C．decorated
D．simplified
5．(2024·江苏，29)Team leaders must ensure that all members ________ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.
A．get over
B．look over
C．take over
D．come over
6．(2024·陕西，25)My uncle hasn't been able to quit smoking，but at least he has ________.
A．cut out
B．cut down
C．cut up
D．cut off
7．(2024·天津，2)If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to________a hand.
A．lend
B．shake
C．wave
D．want
8．(2024·新课标Ⅰ，23)Try not to cough more than you can________since it may cause problems to your lungs.
A．check
B．allow
C．stop
D．help
9．(2024·浙江，9)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to ________ it with important points.
A．conclude
B．lead
C．avoid
D．hold
10．(2024·浙江，12)A good listener takes part in the conversation，________ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A．realizing
B．copying
C．offering
D．misunderstanding
【例1】 Recently，these companies have ________ some workers becames of the drop in economy.A．hired
B．dismissed
C．refused
D．employed
【例2】 When his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly ________.
A．injured
B．damaged
C．harmed
D．destroyed
【例3】 I ________ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.
A．make
B．look
C．take
D．think
【例4】 Her shoes ________ her dress，they look very well together.
A．suit
B．fit
C．compare
D．match
英语中一些动词虽然词形相近，但意义不同
(1)动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。
adapt意为“改编，(使)适应”，常用结构为adapt (oneself) to ...或be adapted to表示“改变自己以适应……”。
adjust意为“调整，调节，使适合”，常用结构为adjust (oneself) to ...表示“适应……”。
adopt意为“收养，领养；采用”。
(2)动词arouse, arise, rise, raise的用法比较。
arouse意为“引起，激起；唤醒”。
arise不及物动词，意为“发生，产生”。
rise不及物动词，意为“上升，上涨”。
raise及物动词，意为“抬高，举起，饲养，提出，筹集”。
(3)动词acquire, require, request的用法比较。
acquire及物动词，意为“(通过努力)取得，获得，学到”，其名词形式为acquirement。
require及物动词，意为“需要，命令”，其名词形式为requirement。
request及物动词，意为“请求，要求”，其名词形式仍为request。
(4)动词expose, export, explode, explore的用法比较。
expose意为“使暴露，使曝光，使遭受”，常用结构为expose sb/sth to表示“使……暴露于或遭受……；使……接触……”。
export意为“出口，输出”。
explode不及物动词，意为“爆炸”。
explore意为“探索，探测”。 系动词
【例5】 The effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains ________.
A．seen
B．to be seen
C．seeing
D．to see
【例6】 On hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she ________ pale.
A．got
B．changed
C．went
D．appeared
【例7】 It was already past midnight and only three young men ________ in the tea house.
A．left
B．remained
C．delayed
D．deserted
英语中系动词主要分为三种
(1)状态及表像系动词
be, appear, seem, look, feel, taste, sound, smell等。
He is a great scientist.他是一位伟大的科学家。
Cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来软软的。
He appears a normal person.他看起来是一个正常的人。
(2)持续系动词
remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。
He always keeps silent at meetings.他开会时总保持沉默。
The weather still remained cold in April.
四月的天气仍然很冷。
He stayed single all his life.他打了一辈子的光棍。
(3)变化系动词
become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come, run等。
She grew rich within a short time.
她没多长时间就变得富有了。
He became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。
His face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。
【例8】 The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.
A．make up
B．figure out
C．look through
D．put off
【例9】 You had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
A．set aside
B．take up
C．put away
D．give out
与介词副词【例1】 It's going to rain.Xiao Feng，will you please help me ________ the clothes on the line?
A．get off
B．get back
C．get in
D．get on
【例】 I tried phoning her office, but I couldn't ________.(2009·全国Ⅰ)
A．get along
B．get on
C．get to
D．get through
与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词
(1)break
break away from脱离 break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉
break into闯入，破门而入 break out(战争)爆发 break in破门而入 break off打断；中断 break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止
(2)call
call for需要，邀请 call on/at号召；访问 call in召集；召来 call up召唤；召集；打电话 call off取消
(3)come
come about发生 come across偶遇 come to共计，达到，苏醒 come true变为现实
come up走上前，被提出 come up with提出 come into being形成 come into use投入使用
(4)get
get about四处走动；传开 get across传达 get away逃脱，设法离开 get down下来；记下 get in收割；到达 get off出发；下班 get together聚会 get through接通；通过 get down to开始认真干 get over克服 get along/on with进展；相处 get up起身，起床
(5)give
give up放弃 give in屈服 give out用尽；分发 give away泄露；赠送；颁发 give off发出 give back归还；使恢复
(6)go
go against违背；对……不利 go ahead开始，进展，进行
go after/for追逐，追求 go without勉强维持；凑合
go in for爱好，参加；从事 go through通过；经历；审查
go over复习；仔细审查 go by过去，经过
(7)hold
hold back隐瞒；控制(情感) hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑
hold up使……耽搁 hold on坚持；别挂(电话)
hold together团结一致 hold on to保留，抓住不放
(8)make
make up for补偿，弥补 make out辨认出 make fun of取笑 make up one's mind下定决心 make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通 make good/full use of充分利用 make up编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足
(9)put
put aside把……放在一边 put away把……收好 put down扑灭，平息 put forward提出 put off延期；推诿
put out扑灭；生产 put up挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿 put up with忍受，容忍 (10)turn
turn down拒绝；调低 turn in上交 turn out结果是，证明是 turn over移交，交给 turn up出现；调高 turn off关掉 turn on打开 turn away走开 turn to求助于；翻到
介词副词【例】 In modern times，people have to learn to ________ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.
A．keep with
B．stay with
C．meet with
D．live with
【例】 ________ a moment and I will go to your rescue.
A．Go on
B．Hold on
C．Move on
D．Carry on
含有相同介词或副词的高频动词短语
(1)动词＋out
turn out point out pick out figure out burst out
bring out carry out set out make out leave out keep out work out run out check out go out
(3)动词＋off
start off set off leave off show off see sb off fall off keep off carry off pay off (4)动词＋back
keep back hold back put back give back call back
take back
(5)动词＋away
throw away blow away carry away clear away die away give away pass away wash away send awayturn away
【例】 —Have you ________ some new ideas?
—Yeah.I'll tell you later.
A．come about
B．come into
C．come up with
D．come out with
【例】 The media can often help solve problems and draw attention ________ situations ________ help is needed.
A．in；that
B．to；which
C．in；where
D．to；where
该类试题的常考点有
keep/bear...in mind牢记 burst into tears突然大哭 catch up with赶上 come up with提出 come into use开始使用 date back to追溯到，始于 get away from逃离 keep an eye on照看，注意 keep...in touch(与……)保持联系 look forward to盼望 look down upon轻视 make sense of弄懂 make a difference起作用 make the best of充分利用 make up for弥补，补偿
make room for与……腾出空间 put...into effect使……生效 put up with忍受，容忍 take advantage of利用 take part in参加 take pride in以……为自豪 keep up with跟上，与……保持联系
使役动词
【例】 —You look upset.What's the matter?
—I had my proposal ________ again.
A．turned over
B．turned on
C．turned off
D．turned down
【例】 My parents have always made me ________ about myself, even when I was twelve.
A．feeling well
B．feeling good
C．feel well
D．feel good
常见的使役动词have, make, get, let的用法：
1．have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth
此结构表示“让某人干某事”。
The teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.
放学后老师让一些学生仍呆在教室里。
温馨提示：make如果是被动语态时后面要用带to的不定式。
He was made to work day and night.
他被迫日夜工作。
2．have/make/get sth (sb) done
此结构表示“让……被做”。过去分词充当宾语补足语，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。
She has/gets/makes her hair cut once a month.
她每月理一次头发。
3．have sth/sb doing sth
此结构表示“让(使)某人一直做某事”或“让(使)某物处于某种状态”。
The two men had their lights burning all night long.
那两个人让灯亮了一整夜。 1．Thousands of visitors were ________ to the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.
A．adopted
B．accepted
C．attracted
D．attached
2．I didn't want to drive all the way to New York by myself，so I ________ Anna，my best friend of ten years，to ride with me.
A．convinced
B．consulted
C．adopted
D．admitted
3．When the book，Twilight，was first ________，it was immediately well received by readers.
A．brought up
B．brought down
C．brought about
D．brought out
4．—Do you know why the teacher asks for me?
—He wants you to ________ your absence last night.
A．account for
B．call for
C．send for
D．reach for
5． When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him，the thief ________ the exit quickly.
