【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，但起点高，题量大，字数在230～300之间。完形填空的选材近年来以第一人称为主的夹叙夹议励志型材料，具有极强的时代意义和真切的现实意义。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力和短文的阅读理解能力，灵活运用语言知识的能力并且根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。
一、记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文体。它主要分为记人、叙事、写景几个方面，包括幽默故事、名人传记、逸闻趣事等。如果文章交代了when，where，who，what，how这五个要素，那么文章就是记叙文。为了测试考生对语篇的理解能力，命题人会特别注意选材的趣味性。记叙文的结尾往往出人意料，耐人寻味。
做题时，考生可以从以下几点进行突破。
1．重视首句，把握全篇
叙事性文章往往在第一句就会把事情发生的时间、地点等交代清楚或者对所要叙述的事情的性质、特征加以描述，这为我们理解文章提供了一个“窗口”。所以考生应充分重视首句的指导作用，利用它找到解题突破口，应“先完意，再完形”，即把握了全篇大意之后，再逐空试填。
2．理清线索，找准方向
记叙文一般按事件发展的时间或空间顺序来叙述，有时用倒叙手法。因此，我们在做题时可以首先抓住表示时间顺序的词，且要理清人物之间的关系，弄清楚人物各自所做的事情，准确理解文章。
3．利用语境，揣摩心态
高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃对语法的考查，朝着深层化和语境化的方向发展，因此考生要借助上下文语境来揣摩作者对文章中各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中，考生应该通过字里行间的内容体会主人公的心理活动，弄懂主人公对人物或事件的态度，身临其境，与主人公的思维保持一致。
二、夹叙夹议完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性，往往可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。
在结构上，作者首先叙述一件事情，然后就此事情引申出一个深刻的社会话题或就此事提出自己的观点；或者先提出一种观点或看法，然后就这一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明，最后再进一步阐述或作出结论。
夹叙夹议文在语言上又具有议论文的特点：语言客观、准确、逻辑性强，且具有概括性。那么，我们在做夹叙夹议文类的完形填空题时，需要注意哪些方面呢？
1．重视文章首句
夹叙夹议文常常以文章的标题、首句或简短的第一段导入话题，然后以顺叙或倒叙等叙事的方式适当加以描写，通过巧妙安排，在文章最后概括主题。因此，在解答夹叙夹议文类的完形填空时，考生首先要读懂第一段，尤其是文章的第一句话，这样就可以迅速总结出全文的主旨大意。
2．理清文章结构
夹叙夹议文类的文章通常是先进行叙述，然后在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论，提出故事所包含的哲理或总结自己的观点。做题时，考生要跟着作者的思路读全文，思维要有灵活性，要随着记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式。只有理清了文章的结构，才能更容易地理解文章，作出正确的选择。
3．抓住文章线索
理解夹叙夹议类文章要抓住线索，注意情节的变化，以求综观上下文，达到整体理解文意，从而避免片面性和断章取义。找出叙述、议论部分相关的命题规律与特点，分清论点、论据的习惯表达方式，找准文章的论点、论据和结论句式，使叙述与议论浑然一体。
三、说明文是用说明的方式介绍人或事物、解释事理的一种文体。说明文体裁的完形填空的最显著的特点是：
1．开头点题
做说明文体裁的完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体的实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近几年的说明文体裁的完形填空题中，作者一般在文章的首句直接点明要说明的对象。
2．结构清晰
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(先后顺序等)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下，从内到外等)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次等)，认知顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质等)。
在做说明文体裁的完形填空时，应当特别留意以下几点：
1．通过短文首尾句抓主旨
通读全文，看它是属于说明事物的说明文还是说明事理的说明文；是单纯说明类的说明文还是说明加叙述类的说明文。而尾句往往是文章的结论或点睛之笔，由此可知，抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是很必要的。
2．关注段落间的内在联系
由于说明文一般是针对某一个对象从不同的角度和侧面加以说明的，每一段都有侧重点，对这些内容要进行概括、总结，从而找出段落之间的联系，以便更深刻地理解文章的内容。
3．根据写作手法理解细节
说明文中有些细节就是写作手法的体现，而完形填空往往就是针对这些细节进行考查的。所以，考生要学会逆向推理，从正确理解写作手法入手来把握细节。
考点1、记叙文
例1、(2024·湖北)Zigfried，a little mouse，blew his breath on the frosty window of the farmhouse and rubbed it to see the outside.Still nobody came.Maybe today, he thought__1__.It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle(奇迹)．
This farmhouse had been__2__too long.It needed a family.Zigfried's__3__made a noise.He realized that he hadn't eaten anything since yesterday.He jumped from the windowsill(窗沿), grabbed a__4__from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mike's.
Farmer Mike's house had been a great place for the little mouse__5__the farmer married a wife who had a cat.Zigfried__6__when he thought of it.He looked around cautiously as he__7__into the room where grain was stored and was quite__8__as he filled his bag with wheat.He was turning to leave when suddenly he__9__a hot breath about his ear.His heart beat__10__，and without thinking he started to run and luckily__11__the cat's paws (爪子)．
The next afternoon Zigfried heard some good news: a__12__family would be moving into the farmhouse soon.Zigfried's granny would arrive on Christmas Eve to__13__with him.He hoped that the family would come before his granny came.Before long, a car came__14__the road leading to the house, with butter sandwiches, cheese and chocolate.
Zigfried's Christmas miracle did arrive!
The house came__15__the next few days.Zigfried__16__every single hour of them.__17__， the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a__18__smile at the door of his home, he heard the__19__of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.What? A cat? The__20__froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.After a long while, he at last found his voice: “Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this？”
1．A.carefully
B．excitedly
C．hopefully
D．proudly
2．A.shabby
B．noisy
C．messy
D．empty
3．A.mouth
B．nose
C．stomach
D．throat
4．A.bag
B．stick
C．bowl
D．coat
5．A.although
B．until
C．whereas
D．unless
6．A.leapt
B．sniffed
C．trembled
D．withdrew
7．A.broke
B．marched
C．paced
D．stole
8．A.curious
B．nervous
C．pitiful
D．sensible
9．A.took
B．released
C．felt
D．drew
10．A.strongly
B．irregularly
C．slowly
D．wildly
11．A.escaped
B．seized
C．rubbed
D．scratched
12．A.close
B．happy
C．new
D．young
13．A.celebrate
B．communicate
C．compete
D．compromise
14．A.across
B．from
C．off
D．up
15．A.alive
B．loose
C．open
D．still
16．A.counted
B．enjoyed
C．missed
D．wasted
17．A.However
B．Instead
C．Moreover
D．Therefore
18．A.bitter
B．forced
C．polite
D．satisfied
19．A.introduction
B．discussion
C．comment
D．debate
20．A.blood
B．smile
C．tear
D．sweat
考点二、夹叙夹议文
(2024·江苏)I used to believe in the American Dream，which meant a job，a mortgage(按揭)，credit cards，success.I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else，all of us __21__ chasing the same thing.
One year，through a series of unhappy events，it all fell __22__.I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56.I __23__ the countryside for some place I could rent for the __24__ possible amount.I came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road __25__the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was__26__，full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner，rented it，and __27__ a corner to camp in.
The locals knew nothing about me，__28__ slowly，they started teaching me the __29__ of being a neighbor.They dropped off blankets，candles，and tools，and began __30__ around to chat.They started to teach me a belief in a __31__ American Dream—not the one of individual achievement but of __32__.
What I had believed in，all those things I thought were__33__ for a civilized life，were nonexistent in this place.__34__ on the mountain，my most valuable possessions were my __35__ with my neighbors.
Four years later，I moved back into __36__.I saw many people were having a really hard time，__37__ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to __38__ a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house，but over time I've had nine people come in and move on to other places.We'd all be in __39__ if we hadn't banded together.
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.It's not so much about what I can get for myself；it's about __40__ we can all get by together.
【语篇解读】 本文属于夹叙夹议的文体。作者从自己的亲身经历，反映出一个人的梦不是美国梦，所有人的梦才是美国梦，只有大家共同努力才能实现共同的梦想。
21．A.separately
B．equally
C．violently
D．naturally
22．A.off
B．apart
C．over
D．out
23．A.crossed
B．left
C．toured
D．searched
24．A.fullest
B．largest
C．fairest
D．cheapest
25．A.at
B．through
C．over
D．round
26．A.occupied
B．abandoned
C．emptied
D．robbed
27．A.turned
B．approached
C．cleared
D．cut
28．A.but
B．although
C．otherwise
D．for
29．A.benefit
B．lesson
C．nature
D．art
30．A.sticking
B．looking
C．swinging
D．turning
31．A.wild
B．real
C．different
D．remote
32．A.neighborliness
B．happiness
C．friendliness
D．kindness
33．A.unique
B．expensive
C．rare
D．necessary
34．A.Up
B．Down
C．Deep
D．Along
35．A.cooperation
B．relationships
C．satisfaction
D．appointments
36．A.reality
B．society
C．town
D．life
37．A.creating
B．losing
C．quitting
D．offering
38．A.put in
B．turn in
C．take in
D．get in
39．A.yards
B．shelters
C．camps
D．cottages
40．A.when
B．what
C．whether
D．how
考点3、说明文
例3、(2024·安徽)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a__41__reason, such as your job or your studies？__42__perhaps you're interested in the__43__，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a__44__of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of__45__， but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They__46__an environment where you can practice under the __47__ of someone who's good at the language.We all lead __48__ lives and learning a language takes__49__.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a__50__.It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes__51__.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“I'm too__52__，” they say.Yes, children do learn languages more __53__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any__54__.And learning is good for the health of your brain, too.I've also heard people__55__ about the mistakes they make when__56__.Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __57__you're much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never __58__.But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress.And you'll be __59__by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __60__ own language.Good luck!
【语篇解读】 该篇文章属于说明文，主要进述了学语言的原因。学好语言的方式：班级授课及经常练习，个人学习语言的态度，即从不放弃，专心致志。
41．A.technical
B．political
C．practical
D．physical
42．A.After
B．So
C．Though
D．Or
43．A.literature
B．transport
C．agriculture
D．medicine
44．A.view
B．knowledge
C．form
D．database
45．A.paintings
B．regulations
C．methods
