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2010年7月30日钱伟长在上海逝世，为纪念这位伟大的科学家，请根据下面钱伟长院士的基本情况，写一篇短文，向班里的同学做一个简单介绍，并号召同学们努力学习，为祖国的科学发展做准备。 姓名：钱伟长 主要职务和称号：中国科学院院士；上海大学校长 出生年月：1912年10月生于江苏无锡 毕业学校及时间：1937 年毕业于清华大学物理系；1942年在美国多伦多大学应用数学系毕业并获得博士学位 荣誉与贡献：中国近代力学之父，弹性力学奠基人；曾在北大和上海大学教学近50年。 1940年开始致力于弹性力学研究，是中国最著名的科学家之一。
注意：1.字数：100~120；
2.可适当增加细节。
参考词汇：中国科学院院士(the CAS academician); 弹性力学(elastic mechanics); 多伦多大学(the University of elastic Toronto)
范文背诵
One of renowned scientists, “father of elastic mechanics”-Qian Weichang, a CAS academician, president of Shanghai University, was born in WuXi, JiangSu Province in October, 1912.He graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University in 1937 and got a doctorate in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1942.He had been devoted to the study of elastic mechanics since 1940 and got great achievements. He taught at universities in Beijing and Shanghai for nearly 50 years.
He was considered as a key contributor to the theory of elastic mechanics and founder of China’s modern mechanics. We should learn from Qian Weichang and work harder for the scientific development of our motherland. 句型背诵： ①He graduated from the Physics Department of Tsinghua University in 1937 and got a doctorate in applied mathematics from the University of Toronto in 1942. ②He was considered as a key contributor to the theory of elastic mechanics and founder of China’s modern mechanics. ③We should learn from Qian Weichang and work harder for...
1. ______ n. 天文学→ ______ n. 天文学家 2. ______ n. 系统；体系；制度 → ______ adj. 系统的;涉及全系统的 3. ______ n. 宗教；宗教信仰→ ______ adj. 宗教的
4. ______ n. 学说；理论 5. ______ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→ n.激烈；猛烈 6. ______ adj. 有害的 → ______ adj.（反义词）无害的→ ______ n.伤害 7. ______ n. 反应；回应→ ______ v. 反应；起作用 8. ______ vi. 存在；生存→ ______ n. 存在；实有 9. ______ n.出席;在场→ ______ n.当前→ ______ adj. 缺席的;不到场的 10. ______ n. 谜；难题；vt.&vi （使）迷惑;(使)为难→ ______ adj.感到迷惑的→ ______ adj.令人迷惑的 答案：1.astronomy; astronomer
2.system; systemic
3.religion; religious
4.theory
5.violent; violence
6.harmful; harmless; harm
7.reaction; react
8.exist; existence
9.presence; present; absent
10.puzzle; puzzled; puzzling
1. solar ______ 太阳系
2. in ______ 及时；终于 3. ______ eggs下蛋 4. give ______ to 产生；分娩 5. in one’s ______ 轮到某人;接着 6. ______ out
挡住（光线 ） 7. ______ up 感到高兴；感到振奋
8. ______ ______ 既然 9. ______ out 爆发；突发 10. ______ out
密切注视；当心；提防 11. as a ______ of 由于 12. be ______ to 对……有害 13. ______ ...from 阻止;制止 14. come into ______ 开始存在；产生 答案：1.system
2.time
3.lay
4.birth
5.turn
6.block
7.cheer 8.now that
9.break
10.watch
11.result
12.harmful
13.prevent 14.existence
1. ______ it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。 2.They were ______ ______ to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ______ ______ ______ make the earth’s atmosphere.
最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。 3. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。 4.So ______ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on ______ this problem can be solved.
所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 答案：1.What
2.in time; which were to 3.It was not immediately obvious that
4.whether; whether
1.harmful adj. 有害的 Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking.
很多人都意识到了吸烟的危害。 【联想拓展】 be harmful to 对……有害
harm n.&v. 损害，伤害 do harm to sb.= do sb.harm = harm sb.
对……有害；伤害…… 【即学即练】
完成句子 ①吸烟有害健康。 Smoking ______ ______ ______ your health.
②醉酒对我们的身体有害。Drunkenness does _____ _____ our health.
答案：①is harmful to
②harm to
单项填空 ③It is so nice a dog that won’t do you any ______.
A.ill
B.bite
C.hurt
D.harm 解析：选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示“对某人有害”。句意为：这条狗不会伤害你。 2.exist vi. 存在；生存
Man cannot exist without air.没有空气，人就不能生存。 Life exists once for all, value and love it.
生命只有一次，应该珍惜。 温馨提示：exist 只作不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语。existence n. 存在；生活（尤指艰苦﹑无聊等的生活）; 生活方式。 常用结构： exist in 存在于……之中
exist on sth.靠……为生 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①英语中没有这个字。 That word doesn’t ______ ______ English.
②她只靠牛奶生存。
She ______ only ______ milk.
③在湖边有一棵树。
______ ______ a tree near the lake. 答案：①exist in
②existed;on
③There exists 单项填空 ④I can hardly ______ the wage I’m getting.
A.exist on
B.exist
C.exist in
D.existence 解析:选A。句意为：我靠我挣的工资简直难以糊口。分析题干此处缺动词作谓语， exist on sth. 固定搭配，意为“靠某物生存”，故选A。 3.puzzle vt. &vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难
n.谜；难题
Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。
Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什么要做此事我仍莫名其妙。 常用结构： puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzle sth. out
开动脑筋（试图）找出某事物的答案或解决方法
【即学即练】 完成句子 ①她几个星期也琢磨不透他那封奇怪的来信。
She’s been ______ ______ his strange letter for weeks.
②老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。
The teacher left the children to ______ ______ the answer to the problem themselves.
答案：①puzzling over
②puzzle out 【联想拓展】 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的
puzzling adj.令人费解的 【即学即练】 单项填空 ③She felt ______ about her future.
A.puzzle
B.puzzling
C.puzzled
D.puzzles 解析:选C。句意为：她对她的将来感到迷惑。puzzled（人）迷惑的，迷惘的；puzzling（物）令人迷惑的。
4.pull n.&vt.拉(力）；拖；牵引力 You push and I’ll pull.
你来推，我来拉。
I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。 温馨提示：pull的近义词为:draw, drag；反义词:push，shove。 【速记名片】
常用结构： pull ahead (of sb./sth.)领先（于某人/物） pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人） pull sb. down（指疾病）使某人虚弱 pull sth. down毁坏, 拆毁（如旧建筑物） pull sth. in
把某人带到警察局问话; 拘留某人；吸引（观众、支持者等）； 挣（钱、薪水等） pull out (sth.) （指机动车辆、船只等）驶出, 划出或打斜 pull together同心协力；通力合作 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①这个队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他各队。
The team has ______ ______ ______ ______ the rest in the championship.
②部队在结束战斗以后撤走了。
The army ______ ______ after the battle.
③我到达时, 末班列车刚刚开出。
I arrived as the last train was ______ ______ .
答案：①pulled well ahead of
②pulled back
③pulling out 单项填空 ④So long as we ______, there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer.
A.pull out
B.pull in
C.pull together
D.pull back 解析：选C。考查pull短语的辨析。句意为：只要我们团结起来，就没有我们征服不了的山峰。由句意可知，选C。
5.cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 【联想拓展】 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的
He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴。 The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。 常用结构: cheer sb.on为某人加油 cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活 cheer for为……欢呼，喝彩；给……加油 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①赛跑进入最后一圈时，观众为运动员加油鼓劲。
The crowd ______ ______ ______ ______
as they started the last lap.
②想到再次见到她，他就高兴起来。
He ______ ______
at the thought of seeing her again.
③咱们去看足球比赛，为我们的校队呐喊助威。
Let’s go to the football game and ______ ______
our school team. 答案：①cheered the runners on
②cheered up
③cheer for 单项填空 ④At the party the girls ______their partners to go it.
A.cheered for
B.cheered up
C.cheered on
D.cheered out 解析:选A。考查cheer短语的辨析。cheer for为……欢呼，喝彩；给……加油。句意为：在晚会上女孩子们欢叫着为她们的伙伴加油。
6.in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 In my turn, I told them a joke. 轮到我的时候，我给他们讲了一个笑话。
I will see you, each in your turn.我将一个接一个地看你们。 温馨提示：在短语in one’s turn中turn作名词，另外turn还可以作动词，意为“转动；扭转；(使)变成”。 常用结构： in turn轮流；依次；反过来；反之 by turns轮流；一阵……一阵……
take turns (to do sth.)轮流（做某物）
It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
【即学即练】 完成句子 ①让我们轮流来做这项实验。
Let’s do this experiment ______ ______ . ②你的态度影响别人，它又将会反过来影响你。
Your attitude affects others which ______ ______ affects you. ③她一阵子发热，一阵子发冷。
She went hot and cold ______ ______ . ④今天该我洗盘子洗碗了。
It’s my turn ______ ______ ______ today. 答案：①in turn
②in turn
③by turns
④to wash up 单项填空 ⑤He gets cheerful and depressed ______.
A.by turns
B.take turns
C.in turn
D.in his turn 解析:选A。考查短语的辨析。此句的句意为：他的情绪高一阵低一阵。故选A。 7.prevent...from 阻止；制止 His back injury may prevent him from playing in tomorrow’s game. 他背部的伤可能使他参加不了明天的比赛。 The police prevented/stopped/kept them from carrying weapons. =They were prevented/stopped/kept from carrying weapons by the police.警察阻止他们携带武器。 用法点拨：prevent...from = stop...from = keep...from
使……不做……；阻止……做…… prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省, keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.是“使某人一直做某事”之意；但如在被动语态中，三者的from都不可省。 【即学即练】 单项填空 ①We suggest that they provide an effective warning system to ______ many of the disasters ______. A.keep; happening
B.prevent; from happening
C.stop; from being happened
D.prevent; from being happened 解析:选 B。考查动词短语的用法。prevent... from doing意为“阻止……做某事”，同义词为stop/keep...from doing,其中prevent/stop... from doing中的from可省略，而keep...from doing中的from不能省略，故排除A项；happen为不及物动词，不用被动，故选B。 ②Some policeman should be sent to ______ them ______ the trees.
A.prevent; to cut down
B.stop; cutting down C.keep; to cut down
D.keep; cutting down 解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop...from doing sth.阻止某人做某事,其中keep sb.from doing sth. 中的from不可省。故选B。 8.break out (灾难、战争等) 突发；爆发 Trouble may break out at any moment.
灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。 When did the war break out?
战争是什么时候爆发的？ It was at midnight that a fire broke out.
就是在午夜时分发生了一起大火。 温馨提示：break out指战争、火灾等的爆发或疾病的突发，无被动语态。 常用结构： break away from
脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等） break down
出故障；（计划、谈判等）失败；（身体、精神 等）垮掉 break in
闯入；插话 break into
强行进入；突然……起来 break off
折断；突然中止；断绝；结束 break through
突破，强行穿过 break up
解散；打碎；（学校）期终放假 【即学即练】 完成句子 ①他一句话只说了一半就停住了。
He ______ ______ in the middle of a sentence.
②你们什么时候放圣诞节假?
When do you ______ ______ for Christmas?
③双方谈判已经破裂。
Negotiations between the two sides have ______ ______ . ④上星期有人闯入他的房屋。
His house was ______ ______ last week.
答案：①broke off
②break up
③ broken down ④broken into 9.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(P31) 而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 twice as...as... 是……的两倍。 This box is twice as large as that box. 这个箱子的大小是那个箱子的两倍。 There are four times as many students as we expected. 学生是我们预计的五倍。 常用结构： ①倍数+ as + adj./adv. + as 表示“是……的几倍”。 ②倍数+ adj./adv.比较级+ than 表示“比……(多/大)几倍”。 ③倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词（size, height, weight, length, width， depth）+ of 表示“长度/高度/宽度是……的几倍”。
