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2024年高考三轮复习:构词法(新人教版)

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  名词+名词 blood test验血;half-moon半月(形);silkworm蚕;classroom教室;airport飞机场 形容词+名词 double-dealer两面派;shorthand速记;greenhouse温室 v.-ing+名词 reading room阅览室;meeting room会议室;swimming pool游泳池 动词+名词 breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手 名词+v.-ing handwriting笔迹;sunbathing日光浴 动词+副词 get-together联欢会;breakthrough突破 副词+动词 downfall垮台;outbreak爆发 形容词+名词+-ed cold-blooded冷血的;kind-hearted心肠好的 形容词+名词 high-class高级的 形容词+v.-ing good-looking好看的;easy-going随和的;fine-sounding动听的 形容词+过去分词 newborn新生的;ready-made现成的 形容词+形容词 dark-blue深蓝色的;light-green浅绿色 名词+v.-ing life-saving救生的;ocean-going远洋的 名词+过去分词 handmade手工制作的;ice-covered冰雪覆盖的 名词+形容词 nationwide全国性的;ice-cold冰冷的 数词+名词+-ed one-eyed独眼的;two-faced双面的 数词+名词+形容词 five-year-old五周岁的;two-metre-tall两米高的 名词+动词 sleepwalk梦游 副词+动词 overcome克服;undergo经历;overthrow推翻;understand明白 形容词+动词 white-wash粉刷;blacklist列入黑名单 代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves) ourselves我们自己;herself她自己;themselves他们自己 某些不定代词some(any,no,every)+body(one,thing) everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something 名词转化为动词` face脸——face面对 hand手——hand传递 nurse护士—— nurse护理 形容词转化为动词 dirty脏的—— dirty弄脏 narrow窄的——narrow变窄 clean干净的—— clean打扫 动词转化为名词 find发现—— find发现物 divide划分—— divide分界处 waste浪费—— waste废物 形容词转化为名词 daily每日的—— daily日报 weekly每周的—— weekly周刊 形容词转化为副词 real真的—— real真正地 deep深的—— deep深深地

  sure确信的—— sure的确 常见前缀:

  前缀 例词 dis-(不,否定) dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不诚实 un-(不) unable不能够;unlucky不幸的 un-(做相反动作) undress脱衣服;unload卸货 in-(不,非) inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的 im-(不,非) impolite没有礼貌的;impossible不可能的 ir-(不,非) irregular不规则的;irresponsible不负责任的 il-(不,非) illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的 non-(不,非) non-existent不存在的;non-stop直达的 mis-(错误的;坏的) misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运 re-(重复,再) rewrite重写;remarry再婚 en-(使可能) enrich丰富;enable使能够 ex-(以前的,前任的) ex-president前任主席/总统;ex-wife前妻 super-(在……上面;超级) supermarket超市;supermodel超级名模 under-(在……之下) underestimate低估;underground地下的 sub-(在……下;次于;低于) subway地(下)道;地铁;submarine潜水艇 inter-(相互之间) international国际的;interact相互作用 semi-(半) semi-final半决赛;semicircle半圆 multi-(多,多种) multi-national跨国的; multicoloured多种颜色的 kilo-(千) kilometer千米,公里;kilogram千克 centi-(一百;百分之一) centimetre厘米;centigram厘克 milli-(毫;千分之一) millimetre毫米;milligram毫克 tele-(远) telephone电话;television电视 a-(在……上/里;向……) aboard在船/火车/飞机上;ahead在前面;aside在旁边;abroad在国外 auto-(自己的,独自的) automobile机动车,汽车;autobiography自传 over-(太,完全,过度,多……) overfull太满的,过多的;overstudy用功过度 extra-(额外,以外,特殊) extraordinary非凡的;extramarital婚外的 pre-(预先,在……之前) predict预告;preview预习 后缀 例词 -age(状态;集合) shortage缺少;marriage婚姻 -an/-ian(人,……家) American美国人;Italian意大利人;musician音乐家 -ence/-ency(构成抽象名词) dependence依靠;frequency频率 -ance(性质,状态) importance重要性;significance意义 -ant/-ent(人) assistant助手;student学生 -cion/-sion/-tion/-ation(动作,状态) suspicion怀疑;tension紧张;repetition重复;preparation准备 -ee(动作承受者或受影响者) employee受雇者;refugee难民 -er/-or(人或物) writer作家;actor演员;cooker炊具;tractor拖拉机 -ess(女性) actress女演员;waitress女服务员;hostess女主人 -ism(主义,……教) communism共产主义;socialism社会主义;Buddhism佛教 -ist(主义者,……家) communist共产主义者;dentist牙科专家;physicist物理学家 -ment(行为;结果;状态;性质) argument争论;government政府;development发展 -ship(关系,身份) friendship友谊;citizenship公民身份 -hood(身份;性质;时代) childhood童年;neighbourhood街区;knighthood骑士身份 -ty(状态;性质) plenty大量;difficulty困难;anxiety焦虑 -ure(结果;行为;状态;实物) pressure压力;picture图画;pleasure高兴 -al(动作过程;结果) arrival到达;approval同意 后缀 例词 -able/-ible/-ble unbelievable不可信的;tolerable可忍受的;responsible负责的 -al national国家的;continental大陆的 -ed learned有学识的;talented有才华的 -en golden金色的;woolen毛(织)的;wooden木制的 -ful beautiful美丽的;useful有用的;colorful多彩的 -ic/-ical economic经济的;political政治的;electronic电子的 -ish childish幼稚的;selfish自私的 -ive active积极的;productive有生产力的;creative有创造力的 -less useless无用的;careless粗心的;meaningless无意义的 -ly friendly友好的;deadly致命的;weekly每星期的 -ous/-ious dangerous危险的;glorious光荣的;famous著名的 -ward downward向下的;backward向后的 -y rainy多雨的;noisy吵闹的;snowy下雪的 后缀 例词 -en(使变得,使成为……) lengthen延长;harden使变得坚固;deepen加深 -fy(使……化) satisfy使满意;beautify美化;simplify简化 -ize/-ise(使……变成……) realiz(s)e实现;industrializ(s)e使工业化 后缀 例词 -ly carefully小心地;beautifully美丽地;quickly迅速地 -ward(s) forward向前;backwards向后;downwards向下;upwards向上 academic

  accidentally

  approximately

  Beggars

  beneficial

  casually

  comparable

  competitive

  consciousness

  continental

  decisive

  distinguished

  dramatic

  enthusiastic

  environmentally

  honorable

  ignorant

  impressive

  unwillingness

  loosen

  modernization

  namely

  necessity

  noisily

  persuasive

  plentiful

  realistic

  receptionist

  返回 构词法

  一、合成法

  合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词,还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”或空格隔开构成一个新单词,把这个词通常叫做复合词。记住常见的复合词的构成方式是掌握合成法的关键,现就常见的复合词的构成方式分类列举并归纳如下:

  1.复合名词的主要构成方式

  2.复合形容词的主要构成方式

  3.复合动词的主要构成方式

  4.复合代词的主要构成方式

  二、转化法

  转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变,转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。现就常见的转化法分类列举并归纳如下:

  三、派生法

  派生法是英语主要的构词法。此方法是借助于前缀或后缀,制造出派生词,主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。

  1.前缀构词法

  前缀是加在一个词根前面的音节,它并不是独立的单词,但本身有一定的含义,它不改变词性,但改变原词义。

  2.后缀构词法

  后缀是加在一个单词后面的音节,它本身一般也有一定含义,能够改变单词的词性,有的也可以改变词义。

  (1)名词后缀

  (2)形容词后缀

  (3)动词后缀

  (4)副词后缀

  领悟语法

  用所给单词的适当形式填空

  1.Her preparation course is helping her to get used to

  (academy) requirements of a Western university.

  2. A fireman

  (accident) discovered the cause of the

  fire.

  3.It cost (approximate)$300—I can’t

  remember it exactly.

  4.

  (beg) can’t be choosers.

  5.Other disabled people find the website (benefit)

  because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.

  6. She glanced

  (casual) through a magazine as she

  waited.

  7. The two of them are in a

  (compare) financial

  situation.

  8.He quit playing (compete) football at the age

  of 24.

  9.Man’s social being determines his

  (conscious).10.The café has a relaxed (continent) feel about it.

  11.She has played a (decide) role in the peace

  negotiation.

  12.The man standing there is a (distinguish)

  novelist and philosopher.

  13.It is a (drama) story about an invasion of the

  Earth by aliens from Mars.

  14.The teachers are very (enthusiasm) and

  friendly and the classrooms are amazing.

  15.Building a new factory there would be

  (environment) disastrous.

  16.Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the

  (honor) soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.

  17.To say you were (ignore) of the rules is no excuse.

  18.Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most

  (impress) routes.

  19.His hesitation indicates (will).

  20.You should (loose) up your muscles before

  playing anysport.

  21.This will help us achieve (modern).

  22.Some groups, (name) students and pensioners

  (退休人员),will benefit from the new tax.

  23.Women increasingly went out to work,usually out of economic

  (necessary).

  24.He breathed (noise) through his nose.

  25.He can be very (persuade).

  26.The day before yesterday Professor Li made a speech(plenty) of humor.

  27.Our income has got smaller,so we must be (reality) and sell our car.

  28.The young woman is a (reception) in a

  five-star hotel of international standard.

  名词+名词 blood test验血;half-moon半月(形);silkworm蚕;classroom教室;airport飞机场 形容词+名词 double-dealer两面派;shorthand速记;greenhouse温室 v.-ing+名词 reading room阅览室;meeting room会议室;swimming pool游泳池 动词+名词 breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手 名词+v.-ing handwriting笔迹;sunbathing日光浴 动词+副词 get-together联欢会;breakthrough突破 副词+动词 downfall垮台;outbreak爆发 形容词+名词+-ed cold-blooded冷血的;kind-hearted心肠好的 形容词+名词 high-class高级的 形容词+v.-ing good-looking好看的;easy-going随和的;fine-sounding动听的 形容词+过去分词 newborn新生的;ready-made现成的 形容词+形容词 dark-blue深蓝色的;light-green浅绿色 名词+v.-ing life-saving救生的;ocean-going远洋的 名词+过去分词 handmade手工制作的;ice-covered冰雪覆盖的 名词+形容词 nationwide全国性的;ice-cold冰冷的 数词+名词+-ed one-eyed独眼的;two-faced双面的 数词+名词+形容词 five-year-old五周岁的;two-metre-tall两米高的 名词+动词 sleepwalk梦游 副词+动词 overcome克服;undergo经历;overthrow推翻;understand明白 形容词+动词 white-wash粉刷;blacklist列入黑名单 代词宾格或物主代词+self(selves) ourselves我们自己;herself她自己;themselves他们自己 某些不定代词some(any,no,every)+body(one,thing) everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something 名词转化为动词` face脸——face面对 hand手——hand传递 nurse护士—— nurse护理 形容词转化为动词 dirty脏的—— dirty弄脏 narrow窄的——narrow变窄 clean干净的—— clean打扫 动词转化为名词 find发现—— find发现物 divide划分—— divide分界处 waste浪费—— waste废物 形容词转化为名词 daily每日的—— daily日报 weekly每周的—— weekly周刊 形容词转化为副词 real真的—— real真正地 deep深的—— deep深深地

  sure确信的—— sure的确 常见前缀:

  前缀 例词 dis-(不,否定) dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不诚实 un-(不) unable不能够;unlucky不幸的 un-(做相反动作) undress脱衣服;unload卸货 in-(不,非) inactive不活跃的;incorrect不正确的 im-(不,非) impolite没有礼貌的;impossible不可能的 ir-(不,非) irregular不规则的;irresponsible不负责任的 il-(不,非) illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的 non-(不,非) non-existent不存在的;non-stop直达的 mis-(错误的;坏的) misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运 re-(重复,再) rewrite重写;remarry再婚 en-(使可能) enrich丰富;enable使能够 ex-(以前的,前任的) ex-president前任主席/总统;ex-wife前妻 super-(在……上面;超级) supermarket超市;supermodel超级名模 under-(在……之下) underestimate低估;underground地下的 sub-(在……下;次于;低于) subway地(下)道;地铁;submarine潜水艇 inter-(相互之间) international国际的;interact相互作用 semi-(半) semi-final半决赛;semicircle半圆 multi-(多,多种) multi-national跨国的; multicoloured多种颜色的 kilo-(千) kilometer千米,公里;kilogram千克 centi-(一百;百分之一) centimetre厘米;centigram厘克 milli-(毫;千分之一) millimetre毫米;milligram毫克 tele-(远) telephone电话;television电视 a-(在……上/里;向……) aboard在船/火车/飞机上;ahead在前面;aside在旁边;abroad在国外 auto-(自己的,独自的) automobile机动车,汽车;autobiography自传 over-(太,完全,过度,多……) overfull太满的,过多的;overstudy用功过度 extra-(额外,以外,特殊) extraordinary非凡的;extramarital婚外的 pre-(预先,在……之前) predict预告;preview预习 后缀 例词 -age(状态;集合) shortage缺少;marriage婚姻 -an/-ian(人,……家) American美国人;Italian意大利人;musician音乐家 -ence/-ency(构成抽象名词) dependence依靠;frequency频率 -ance(性质,状态) importance重要性;significance意义 -ant/-ent(人) assistant助手;student学生 -cion/-sion/-tion/-ation(动作,状态) suspicion怀疑;tension紧张;repetition重复;preparation准备 -ee(动作承受者或受影响者) employee受雇者;refugee难民 -er/-or(人或物) writer作家;actor演员;cooker炊具;tractor拖拉机 -ess(女性) actress女演员;waitress女服务员;hostess女主人 -ism(主义,……教) communism共产主义;socialism社会主义;Buddhism佛教 -ist(主义者,……家) communist共产主义者;dentist牙科专家;physicist物理学家 -ment(行为;结果;状态;性质) argument争论;government政府;development发展 -ship(关系,身份) friendship友谊;citizenship公民身份 -hood(身份;性质;时代) childhood童年;neighbourhood街区;knighthood骑士身份 -ty(状态;性质) plenty大量;difficulty困难;anxiety焦虑 -ure(结果;行为;状态;实物) pressure压力;picture图画;pleasure高兴 -al(动作过程;结果) arrival到达;approval同意 后缀 例词 -able/-ible/-ble unbelievable不可信的;tolerable可忍受的;responsible负责的 -al national国家的;continental大陆的 -ed learned有学识的;talented有才华的 -en golden金色的;woolen毛(织)的;wooden木制的 -ful beautiful美丽的;useful有用的;colorful多彩的 -ic/-ical economic经济的;political政治的;electronic电子的 -ish childish幼稚的;selfish自私的 -ive active积极的;productive有生产力的;creative有创造力的 -less useless无用的;careless粗心的;meaningless无意义的 -ly friendly友好的;deadly致命的;weekly每星期的 -ous/-ious dangerous危险的;glorious光荣的;famous著名的 -ward downward向下的;backward向后的 -y rainy多雨的;noisy吵闹的;snowy下雪的 后缀 例词 -en(使变得,使成为……) lengthen延长;harden使变得坚固;deepen加深 -fy(使……化) satisfy使满意;beautify美化;simplify简化 -ize/-ise(使……变成……) realiz(s)e实现;industrializ(s)e使工业化 后缀 例词 -ly carefully小心地;beautifully美丽地;quickly迅速地 -ward(s) forward向前;backwards向后;downwards向下;upwards向上 academic

  accidentally

  approximately

  Beggars

  beneficial

  casually

  comparable

  competitive

  consciousness

  continental

  decisive

  distinguished

  dramatic

  enthusiastic

  environmentally

  honorable

  ignorant

  impressive

  unwillingness

  loosen

  modernization

  namely

  necessity

  noisily

  persuasive

  plentiful

  realistic

  receptionist

  返回 构词法

  一、合成法

  合成法是把两个或两个以上的单词合成一个新单词的构词法。有的可以直接写在一起构成一个新单词,还有的在词与词之间用连字符“-”或空格隔开构成一个新单词,把这个词通常叫做复合词。记住常见的复合词的构成方式是掌握合成法的关键,现就常见的复合词的构成方式分类列举并归纳如下:

  1.复合名词的主要构成方式

  2.复合形容词的主要构成方式

  3.复合动词的主要构成方式

  4.复合代词的主要构成方式

  二、转化法

  转化法是由一种词类转化为一种或几种词类的构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变,转化后的单词在意义上通常与原单词有密切联系。现就常见的转化法分类列举并归纳如下:

  三、派生法

  派生法是英语主要的构词法。此方法是借助于前缀或后缀,制造出派生词,主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。

  1.前缀构词法

  前缀是加在一个词根前面的音节,它并不是独立的单词,但本身有一定的含义,它不改变词性,但改变原词义。

  2.后缀构词法

  后缀是加在一个单词后面的音节,它本身一般也有一定含义,能够改变单词的词性,有的也可以改变词义。

  (1)名词后缀

  (2)形容词后缀

  (3)动词后缀

  (4)副词后缀

  领悟语法

  用所给单词的适当形式填空

  1.Her preparation course is helping her to get used to

  (academy) requirements of a Western university.

  2. A fireman

  (accident) discovered the cause of the

  fire.

  3.It cost (approximate)$300—I can’t

  remember it exactly.

  4.

  (beg) can’t be choosers.

  5.Other disabled people find the website (benefit)

  because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.

  6. She glanced

  (casual) through a magazine as she

  waited.

  7. The two of them are in a

  (compare) financial

  situation.

  8.He quit playing (compete) football at the age

  of 24.

  9.Man’s social being determines his

  (conscious).10.The café has a relaxed (continent) feel about it.

  11.She has played a (decide) role in the peace

  negotiation.

  12.The man standing there is a (distinguish)

  novelist and philosopher.

  13.It is a (drama) story about an invasion of the

  Earth by aliens from Mars.

  14.The teachers are very (enthusiasm) and

  friendly and the classrooms are amazing.

  15.Building a new factory there would be

  (environment) disastrous.

  16.Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the

  (honor) soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.

  17.To say you were (ignore) of the rules is no excuse.

  18.Tourists shouldn’t miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most

  (impress) routes.

  19.His hesitation indicates (will).

  20.You should (loose) up your muscles before

  playing anysport.

  21.This will help us achieve (modern).

  22.Some groups, (name) students and pensioners

  (退休人员),will benefit from the new tax.

  23.Women increasingly went out to work,usually out of economic

  (necessary).

  24.He breathed (noise) through his nose.

  25.He can be very (persuade).

  26.The day before yesterday Professor Li made a speech(plenty) of humor.

  27.Our income has got smaller,so we must be (reality) and sell our car.

  28.The young woman is a (reception) in a

  five-star hotel of international standard.

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