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2024届高考英语考前冲刺精选经典易错题
1
名词词组以及普通名词在具体语境中的运用
1.(典型例题) The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has
all over the country.
A. companies
B. branches
C. organizations
D. businesses
[考场错解]
A或D
[专家把脉]
本题考查名词的意义和用法。company“公司”，organization“组织”，business“买卖，商业”，branchd(地方办事处或分支机构”。根据题意“这家银行的总部在北京，但在全国各地都有分支结构”，因此选B.
[对症下药]
B
2.(典型例题)] Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within
of little children.
A. hand
B. reach
C. space
D. distance
[考场错解]
A或D
[专家把脉]
考生所熟悉的是课本上out of(one’s)reach的说法。根据语境不难看出这是一个祈使句，这里习惯表达还可以是beyond／within(one’s)reach，意思是“手不能及”。错误的根源在于考生只是记住其中的一种搭配，而语言是灵活的，多变的。
[对症下药]
B
3.(典型例题) The face of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a
of 60 miles.
A. length
B. distance
C. way
D. space
[考场错解]
A或D
[专家把脉]
名词按意义可划分为普通名词和专有名词。这道题主要是要辨清四个名词的具体含义。length长度；distance距离；way道路，方法；space空间，太空。结构“a distance of + 数字”来表示“有……的距离”。
[对症下药]
B
4.(典型例题)In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the in personality.
A. contact
B. contrast
C. connection
D. conflict
[考场错解]
B
[专家把脉]
拼写相似或意义相近的名词是最容易造成错误的选择。四个名词的意义分别是:contact接触，联系，交际；contrast对比，对照；connection联系，关系；conflict争论，冲突，抵触，斗争。从句意来看应该选D项。
[对症下药]
D
再如：(典型例题)Chinese arts have won the
of a Lot of people outside China.
A. enjoyment
B. appreciation
C. entertainment
D. reputation
[对症下药]
B
指赢得了别人的欣赏。
5.(典型例题) He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his
was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper
B. appearance
C. talent
D. character
[考场错解]
A或C
[专家把脉]
本题考查意义相近名词的用法。temoper脾气；appearace外貌，仪表;slent天才，才能；character品性，性格，品度。根据句意应该是指和别人共同工作时的性格，因此填Characler.
[对症下药]
D
专家会诊
1.英语中专有名词是指个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等所有的名称，如Asiathe Nile，China，THE Great Wall.普通名词(一般可为数)，表示一类的人或物的个体，如:car ，book，student等;集体名词(一般为不可数)，表示一群人或一类物的集合体，如jewelry，class，majority等;抽象名词(一般为不可数)，表示品质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象 概念如 danger，anger，friendship，encouragement等；物质名词(一般为不可数)，表示无法分为个体的实物，如salt，water，coffee，silk等。
2.名词词组一般由一个中心名词来构成，如：the World Cup，a woman teacher，thje blind 等。也可台是“限定词+前置修饰词中心词+后置修饰语”来构成，如：a four miles’trip 或a four-mile trip，a son –in-law 等。
考场思维调练
1
Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _
A. Gate 21
B. 21st Gate
C. the Gate 21
D. 21 Gate
答案: A
解析:Gate 21指21号门，也可说the 21st Gate.
2
—Hi, this way, please.
—OK. I sometimes have no sense of
when I arrive at the cross road.
A. position
B. direction
C. situation
D. condition
答案: B
解析:词义辨析。direction方向；position位置；situation形势；condition条件。
3
Now I come here at the __ of Mr. Smith to assist him finishing the work.
A. require
B. remark
C. demand
D.request
答案: D
解析:at the request of sb.或at sb’s request是固定 短语，“应某人的请求”。
4
She waited in
for her mother’s letter.
A.anxious
B. anxiety
C.anxiously
D. antique
答案: B
解析:短语in axiety表示“处于一种焦虑的状态或情态。”
5
There
were some
flowers on the table.
A. artitlcial
B. unnatural
C. false
D. unreal.
答案: A
解析:强调不是天然生长的，而是“人工的、人 造的。”
命题角度2
名词的可数和不可数
1.(典型例题)The young dancers looked so channing in their beautiful clothes that we took
pictures of them.
A. many of
B. masses of
C. the number of
D. a large number of
[考场错解]
A
[专家把脉]
many可以直接修饰可数名词复数形式，而manyof后常有the来表示部分，这是错误的原因。number of才表示“大量、很多”，选项D常用来修饰不可数名词，而水ctures是可数名词。masses of是非正式用语，后可接可数名词。
[对症下药]
B
2.(经典题)He gained his __
by printing
of famous writers.
A. wealth; work
B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work
D. wealth; works
[考场错解]
A
[专家把脉]
wealth出(财富)是不可数名词，没有复数。work当“工作”讲时，是不可数名词；但当“著作”讲时，是可数名词，在此句中要用复数形式。
3.(辽宁)I have done much of the work. Could you please finish
in two days?
A. the rest
B. the other
C. another
D. the others
[考场错解]
B或D
[专家把握]
根据语境要取代的是前文的不可数名词 work当“工作”讲时，是不可数名词；但当“著作”讲时，是可数名词，在此句中要用复数形式。
[对症下药]
A
专家会诊
1.有些名词一词多义，同一个名词表示这个意义时是可数(表示个体事物)，表示另一个意义时是不可数(表示抽象概念)。如：experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词，作“经历”讲时是可数名词。
2.有些名词用作可数名词时，表示个体的人或物，而用作不可数名词时，则表示 一类的人或物集合体。例如:
My grandfather’s hair is grey.(泛指头发)
She has got grey hairs.(指一根根头发)
这些名词的单复数形式有不同的含义，再如:water 水， waters 水域;danger危险，a danger 一个危险人物。Advice (劝告)，advices(消息);arm(手臂)，arms(军火);cloth(布)，clothes(衣服);custom(习惯)，customs(海关)等。
考场思维训练
1
Four __ are visiting our school now. two of them are
.
A. Russians; policemen
B. Russians; policeman
C. Russian man; policemen
D. Russian; policemen
答案: A
解析:考查名词的复数形式。Russian的复数形式是Russians。
2
You know I have no __ for foreign languages.
A. knowledges
B. gift
C. character
D. characters
答案: B
解析:make sense of sth.是固定搭配，意为“弄懂，搞清楚”。
3
Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make for our new students.
A. place
B. area
C. room
D. space
答案: C
解析:这里room用作不可数名词，表示“空间”。
命题角度3
名作定语和在一些固定短语中的用法
1.(经典题)Your fluency in Chinese gives you an advantage
__ the other candidates for the job.
A. for
B. with
C. than
D. over
[考场错解]
C
[专家把脉]
此题看上去是介词或连词的选择，实际是对名词advantage用法的考查。如果单纯从汉语思维角度来理解，很可能认为“比别人怎么样”用than，实际上短语have an advantage over 是“比…具有优势”的意思，是固定搭配。
[对症下药]
D
2.(典型例题)He got to the station early,
missing his train.
A. in case of
B. instead of
C. for fear of
D. in search of
[考场错解]
A
[专家把脉]
容易混淆的是选项A和C.短语in case of是“万一，一旦出现……情况”。instead of是“代替，而不”。in search of是“寻找、搜寻”，都不符合题意。for fear of是“担心、害怕、为免于某种情况出现”的意思，最符合语境。
[对症下药]
C
3.(经典题) We’ve missed the bus. I’m afraid we have no but to take a taxi.
A. way
B. choice
C. possibility
D. selection
[考场错解]
A
[专家把脉]
汉语习惯会理解成没有办法了，所以有可能错选A。这里是固定短语have no choice but to do something，意思是“除了做…别无选择”。
[对症下药]
B
4.(典型例题) The classroom is big enough
, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
A. for the moment
B. on the moment
C. in a moment
D. for a moment
[考场错解]
C
[专家把脉]
本题考查短语的意义和用法。For the moment目前，暂时;in a moment马上，立刻;for a moment 片刻，一会儿。根据题意，应该填for the moment.
[对症下药]
A
专家会诊
1.作直接定语的中词一般是表示 时间、地点、材料和类别的名词。如:summer school ,streer lights,paper money,coffee cup,women doctors.当名词作直接定语时应该注意以下几个问题。
(1)名词作直接定语时一般 用单数，例如:a book srore ,a traffic light,a ticket office,a bus driver ,aboy friend,它们的复数形式分别是 book stores,traffic lights,ticket offices,bus drivers,boy friends.但是man ,woman作定语时，要与所修饰的名词汇的数保持一致。例如: a man teacher ,这绵复数形式是men teachers.
(2)某些常有用复数形工的名词作直接定语旱也用复数。例如:a goods train,a cloths shop,a sales department,a sports field,a news reporter等
(3)名词固定短语常有出现在英语考试试题如单选、完形填空、单词拼写和短文改错中。尤其是一些动宾关系的固定搭配。在复习中要注意积累。
例如:
You can take as many as you like because they are free of
.
A.charge
B.fare
C.money
D.pay
此题的答案选 A.be free of charge 是固定用法，意思是“免费”。
考场思维训练
1
Some plants can take in carbon dioxide we breathe out and give out
__ oxygen to ns.
A. in case
B. in turn
C. in return
D. in addition
答案: B
解析:短语in turn是“反过来”的意思。
2
His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any
of it.
A. explanation
B. meaning
C. sense
D. guess
答案: C
解析:make sense of sth.是固定搭配，意为“弄懂，搞 清楚”。
3
The new students are making __ for the coming __ meeting.
A. preparations; sports
B. preparation; sport
C. preparations; sport
D. preparation; sports
答案: A
解析:短语make preparations for sth.／to do sth中preparation常用复数形式，sprot作定语时也常用复数形式。
命题角度4
冠词常见的习惯搭配用法和部分物质名词、抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法
1 (典型例题 )After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson
__ ride to _
_ Capital Airport.
A. the; a
B.a; the
C./; a
D./; the
[考场易错]
D
[专家把脉]
本题是考查冠词的基本用法。名词ride这里是表示“搭乘”的含义，是可数名词；后者是由普通名词，通常有定冠词。
[对症下药]
B
2.(典型例题): It is __ world of wonders,world where anything can happen.
A.a; the
B.a; a
C. the; a
D./; /
[考场错解]
A
[专家把脉]
一般来说，第二次出现的名词前用定冠词，所以会错选A但这里world都是泛指，根据语境“这是一个充满奇迹的世界，一个任何事情都可能发生的世界。”应该用不定冠词。
