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必 修 2
Units 3～
专项语法四 形容词和副词
要点精析
一、形容词、副词的特殊用法
1．多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序
限定词(these, those...)＋描绘性形容词(表示人们观点的形容词，如beautiful, bad, cold等)＋表示大小、长短、高低的形容词＋表示形状的形容词(如round, square等)＋表示年龄、新旧的形容词＋表示颜色的形容词＋表示国籍或地区的形容词＋表示材料的形容词(如wooden)＋表示用途、类别的形容词＋被修饰的名词。
a beautiful old brown French handmade desk 一张漂亮的褐色法国手工制作的旧桌子
all these last few days 最近的这些日子
a light blue silk skirt 一件浅蓝色丝裙
another three English books 另外三本英语书
some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花
a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色的日本军用吉普车
the first beautiful little white Chinese wooden bridge 第一座美丽的中国小白木桥
例 (2010·抚州一中测试)It is said that the________building was designed by a famous Frenchman, who has thousands of excellent works all over the world.
A．red stone beautiful
B．stone beautiful red
C．beautiful stone red
D．beautiful red stone
解析：本题考查形容词排序。冠词、数词排最前，接下来是主观性的形容词，最靠近被修饰的名词的是表客观性的形容词，如颜色、国籍和材料等。
答案：D
2．形容词作状语
形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。
He went to bed, cold and hungry.
他又冷又饿地去睡觉了。
He lay in bed, wide awake.
他躺在床上醒着。
He is standing there, full of fear.
他非常担心地站在那里。
3．can not/never与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过分；越……越好”。
You can not be careful enough/too careful to study.
在学习方面，你再细心也不过分。
—Mary, look, what did I find?
玛丽，你看，我找到什么了？
—Oh, my lost key? I can't thank you too much.(＝I can't thank you much enough.)
噢，我丢失的钥匙？太感谢你了。
例 (2010·金华调研)—I always look out when crossing the street.
—You're right. You cannot be too________.
A．nervous B．careful
C．hurried
D．careless
解析：考查双重否定的用法。You can't be too careful.你怎么小心也不为过。can't是否定，too＋adj./adv.也有否定意义，所以用双重否定表肯定。
答案：B
4．熟记下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配
He's dead/blind drunk.(＝very drunk)
他喝得酩酊大醉。
He's wide awake.
他完全没有睡意。
It's raining/snowing heavily.
雨/雪下得很大。
He's sound asleep.
他睡得很沉。
He's moving/breathing/drinking/smoking heavily.
他吃力地移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽得多。
The traffic/His moustache is heavy.
交通拥挤/他的胡子浓密。
5．意义有别的同根副词
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Deep in thought, he didn't notice me.
陷入沉思中，他没注意到我。
He was deeply moved by the moving story.
他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。
二、形容词和副词比较级的用法
1．表示倍数的三种句型
(1)．..times as＋原级＋as...
He can run three times as fast as John.
他跑得有约翰的三倍快。
(2)．..times the size/length/width/height etc.＋of...
This table is three times the size of that one.
这张桌子是那张的三倍长。
(3)．..times＋比较级＋than...
This table is three times bigger than that one.
这张桌子比那张大三倍。
例 (2011·陕西，17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be________the present one.
A. as three times big as
B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times
D. as big three times as
解析：考查倍数结构。句意：为下一届亚运会兴建中的新的体育馆将会是现有的三倍大。根据倍数结构“倍数＋as 形容词原级as /倍数＋形容词比较级＋than”可知B项正确。
答案：B
2．同等程度的比较
用as...as, the same...as..., such...as引导
He is a worker as good as Peter.(＝He is as good a worker as Peter.)
他和彼得一样是个好工人。
Linda is the same height as Jenny.
琳达和詹妮一样高。
Henry is such a good student as Peter.
亨利和彼得一样是个好学生。
3．与比较级有关的结构及运用比较级的注意事项
(1)“比较级＋than”表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况
You look much younger than I do.
你看上去比我年轻多了。
She doesn't work harder than you(do)．
她工作不如你努力。
(2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”
As summer is coming, the day is becoming longer and longer.
随着夏天的临近，白天变得越来越长。
(3)“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”意为“越……就越……”
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔细，犯的错误就越少。
例 (2010·西城抽样)In some people's opinions, the________ powerful the country becomes, the________pleasant it is to live in.
A．most; fewer
B．more; fewer
C．more; less
D．most; less
解析：考查形容词的比较级。该句其实是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构。句意：在一些人看来，国家变得越强大，住在里面越不舒服。因此答案为C。
答案：C
(4)“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
那两个男孩中高点的是我弟弟。
(5)使用比较级应注意的问题
①比较的范围
如果比较的范围不一样，表达方式也应不同。
China is larger than any other country in Asia.(比较的范围一致)
China is larger than any country in Africa.(比较的范围不一致)
②比较的对象要一致
相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较
The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口与人口相比，要用代词that)
③注意比较结构中的省略现象
由于日常交际的需要，在彼此都明白的情况下，比较对象往往省略
—What do you think of the film?
—I have never seen a better one.(后边省略了than this film)
Tom's composition, if not better(后边省略了than Jack's), is at least as good as Jack's.
三、形容词、副词最高级的用法
1．most前如没有定冠词the，就没有比较的意思，只是用来加强语气，有“很，非常”之意。
This is a most interesting story.
这是一个很有趣的故事。
2．最高级可被序数词以及much ，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。
Of all the students, Jack's oral English is almost the best.
在所有的学生中，杰克的英语口语几乎是最好的。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。
I'd like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。
3．否定＋比较级＝最高级
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
He has never spent a more worrying day.
他过了最担心的一天。
例 (2011·全国Ⅱ，17)Mr. Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a________boss.
A. better
B. good
C. best
D. still better
解析：句意：为史蒂文森先生工作非常好——我实在不能找到一位比他更好的老板了。比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义。
答案：A
运用提升
1．(2011·全国Ⅱ，12)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is________another to play it well yourself.
A．quite
B．very
C．rather
D．much
答案：A 句意：喜欢听好的音乐是一回事，但是你能自己演奏好完全是另一回事。quite“完全，十分”；very“非常”；rather“相当”；much“很，非常”。
2．(2011·天津，9)The young man couldn't afford a new car. ______， he bought a used one.
A．Besides
B．Otherwise
C．Instead
D．Still
答案：C 本题考查副词词义辨析。besides“另外；除……之外”；otherwise“否则；要不然”；instead“代替；反而”；still“仍然；还”。由couldn't afford a new car 及bought a used one可知C项符合句意及结构。句意：那个年轻人买不起一辆新车而是买了一辆二手车。
3．(2011·江西，24)—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
—Why? It's ________ than the films I have ever seen.
A．far more interesting
B．much less interesting
C．no more interesting
D．any less interesting
答案：A 本题考查形容词比较级的用法。句意：——我不得不说这部影片一点也不有趣。——为什么呢？它比我曾经看过的电影都有趣。由答语Why可知，对方并不同意上一个人的观点，即他认为很有趣，故选A项，其它选项均表示认为这部电影没有趣。
4．(2011·江西，27)The house was too expensive and too big. ________， I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
A．Besides
B．Therefore
C．Somehow
D．Otherwise
答案：A 本题考查副词的辨析。句意：那座房子太贵太大了。除此之外，我早已经喜欢上我们租的小房子了。besides“除此之外，除了”；therefore“因此”；somehow“不知怎么的”；otherwise“否则的话”。
5．(2011·浙江，13)I've been writing this report ________ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally
B．immediately
C．occasionally
D．certainly
答案：C 考查副词辨析。句意：前两周以来我只是偶尔写写这份报告，但是明天就得上交了。finally“最终，终于”；immediately“立刻，马上”；occasionally“偶尔”；certainly“当然”。C项符合题意。
6．(2011·安徽，31)________， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A．Hopefully
B．Normally
C．Thankfully
D．Conveniently
答案：C 考查副词用法。句意：谢天谢地，我最终通过了竞赛，所付出的努力都是值得的。hopefully“有希望地”；normally“正常地”；thankfully“感激地”；conveniently“方便地”。
7．(2011·湖北，25)The staterun company is required to make its accounts as ________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A．transparent
B．reasonable
C．secure
D．formal
答案：A 本题考查形容词辨析。句意：国有公司被要求使账目尽可能透明，以便公司职工监督钱的使用。根据语境中monitor“监管，监督”一词，可以确定账目要让职工了解，清楚，自然就是透明，而transparent“透明的”；reasonable“合理的”；secure“安全的”；formal“正式的”。
8．(2011·海淀期中，23)Alice Lillian Ellis, born on September 11,1907 in Boston, was ________ of nine children.
A．the third oldest
B．the third old
C．the third older
D．the oldest third
答案：A 句意：1907年9月11日出生在波士顿的Alice Lillian Ellis在家里的九个孩子中排行老三。考查形容词最高级的衍生形式。最大的“the oldest”，最大者中排行第三的“the third oldest”，故选A。类似的用法有：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国的第二长河。
9．(2011·天津十二区县联考一，9)The six old experts were ________ about Professor Lee's academic findings and reported him to the authority.
A．skeptical
B．curious
C．capable
D．aware
答案：A 句意：那六位老专家怀疑Lee教授的学术发现并向权威机构举报。skeptical“怀疑的”，be skeptical about “对……怀疑”。be curious about “对……好奇”；capable “能干的”，be capable of (doing) sth.“有做某事所必要的能力或力量”；aware“知道的，注意到的”，be aware of/that“对某人/某事物知道、明白、觉察到、意识到”；aware of the risk, danger, threat, etc.觉察到风险、危险、威胁等。
10．(2011·东北三省四市联考，23)Trees are good for man. We can't plant them ________ many.
A．so
B．such
C．too
D．enough
答案：C 句意：树对人类有益，我们无论种多少都不为过。考查学生对题干的理解和对can't/cannot/couldn't...too句式用法掌握情况。can't/cannot/couldn't...too...为固定搭配，意为“越……越好”。又因tree为可数名词，所以用too many。
11．(2011·东北三校二模，26)One should accomplish tasks ________ instead of always turning to others for help.
A．actively
B．independently
C．skillfully
D．voluntarily
答案：B 句意：一个人应该独立完成任务而不是总是向别人寻求帮助。考查副词。由后句句意“……向别人寻求帮助”可知此处强调“独立地(independently)”。
