【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
2. solution
n. 解决办法, 解答 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①____ _______ __ the problem needs many hours.
解决这个问题需要好几个小时。 ②Many years later, air pollution hasn’t _____ __ __ _______.
很多年以后, 空气污染还没有得到解决。 The
solution to come to a solution 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)arrive at/come to/reach a solution得到解决 hit on a solution突然想到一个解决方法 solution to. . . ……的解决办法; 解决……的办法 (2)solve v. 解决, 解答 *(2024·湖北高考)But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.
但是有时候这种能力制造出的问题比它解决的多得多。 3. ahead adv. (时间、空间)在前面; 提前, 预先; 领先 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①The new school was completed ______ __ ____.
新学校提前竣工了。 ②If you want to ask some questions, please ___ ______.
如果你们想问问题, 就请吧。 ③He wanted safety, a home, and a chance to ___ ______.
他希望能获得人身安全, 能组建家庭并且有机会在事业上获得成功。 ahead of time go ahead get ahead 【记一记➡构建知识】 ahead of time/schedule 提前 go ahead 进行吧, 干吧 get ahead 取得进步; 获得成功 go ahead with sth. 开始着手做某事 *The two companies have already agreed in principle to go ahead with the project.
两家公司已经原则上达成协议实施这项计划。 4. basis n. 基础; 基准; 原因 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①The theories of Newton were built ___ ___ _____ __ that of
Copernicus. 牛顿的理论是以哥白尼的理论为基础的。 ②His research _______ ___ _____ __ his new book.
他的研究成果是他新书的基础。 on the basis of formed the basis of 【记一记➡构建知识】 on the basis of 在……的基础上 form the basis of成为……的基础 base n. 基础; 基地; 根据; 基数(如十进制的 10 和二进制的2) vt. 基于; 把……建立在; 把……置于底 座(或基座)上 base. . . on. . . 以……为基础 *It’s based on personal relationships and trust.
它建立的基础是私人关系和信任。 【辨一辨➡明晰异同】 basis n. 主要用于抽象的基础, 如理论、学说等 base n. 指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础, 也可指军事基地; v. 以……为基础 5. found vt. 兴建, 创建 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①He ________ the company with a friend in the 1970s.
他与他的一个朋友在20世纪70年代创办了这家公司。 ②It’s a true love ________ ___ friendship and common
experience.
这是建立在友谊和共同经历上的真爱。 founded founded on 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)found. . . on. . . 将……建立在…… (2)founder n. 创始人, 创立者 *(2024·福建高考)Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.
Young Inspirations是两年前成立的, 给11岁～21岁的学生和未就业的年轻人提供课程辅导。 *He was one of the founders of the university.
他是该大学的创建人之一。 6. in good condition状况良好 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①I promise to return your bicycle __ _____ _________.
我答应一定完好无损地归还你的自行车。 ②She found herself ___ __ _________ that day.
她发现自己那一天身体不太好。 in good condition out of condition 【记一记➡构建知识】 out of condition 身体不适 on condition that
条件是 on no condition 决不(如果放在句首, 句子用倒装) on this/that/what condition
在这个/那个/什么条件下 living/housing/working conditions 生活/住房/工作条件 *You can travel by air on condition that your blood pressure is stable. 在血压稳定的条件下你可以乘飞机旅行。 *On no condition can we betray our country.
我们决不能背叛祖国。 7. Then he turned his eyes east, and marched all the way to India, finding victory wherever he went.
然后, 他又把目光转向东方, 长驱直入印度, 所到之处, 攻无不克, 战无不胜。 【填一填➡激活思维】用现在分词短语完成句子。 ①____________________________, he pointed the gun at the
lion and fired.
他慢慢地走过草地, 把枪对准狮子就射击了。 ②Her husband died ten years ago, ___________________ ___________________.
她丈夫十年前去世了, 撇下她和三个需要照顾的孩子。 ③___________________________, he stayed at home.
由于没完成作业, 他只好待在家里。 Walking slowly across the grass leaving her with three children to look after Not having done his homework 【记一记➡构建知识】现在分词短语作状语 (1)现在分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语, 它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系;
(2)having done表示动作先于谓语动词而发生;
(3)having been done强调被动和完成;
(4)在句中可以作时间、原因、结果、条件、方式或伴随状语, 通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。 *Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers), he began to cut the grass.
他把花浇好后, 开始割草。 *Having been asked three times, he told me that he was from a European country.
问了他三次, 他才告诉我他来自欧洲的一个国家。 8. It is believed to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
人们相信从公元200年到400年, 它逐渐被沙尘暴吞没。 【填一填➡激活思维】一句多译。 ①Wisdom __ ________ __ ___ born with a man.
=__ __ ________ ____ wisdom is born with a man.
人们相信智慧是与生俱来的。 ②These Chinese herbs ___ ________ __ ___ good to heart.
=__ __ ________ ____ these Chinese herbs do good to heart.
人们相信这些中草药对心脏有益。
is believed to be It is believed that are believed to do It is believed that 【记一记➡构建知识】 It be +过去分词+ that 从句=Sth. /Sb. be +过去分词+不定式 【拓展延伸】Sth. /Sb. be +过去分词+不定式
Sth. /Sb. be +过去分词+不定式的
其中不定式是由从句谓语动词转换来的, 从句谓语是一般时态, 转换成不定式的一般式; 从句谓语是进行式转换成不定式的进行式; 从句谓语是完成式, 转换成不定式的完成式。 一般式 进行式 完成式 *It is said that all sudden deaths are caused by damage to the heart.
=All sudden deaths are said to be caused by damage to the heart.
据说所有突发性死亡都是由心脏受损引起的。 *It is reported that the cause of lung cancer has been found.
=The cause of lung cancer is reported to have been found.
据报道肺癌的原因已经被找到。 9. When asked how a statue from distant Greece could have appeared in China, researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great’s influence.
当被问及来自遥远希腊的塑像怎么会出现在中国时, 研究人员解释说, 这无疑是亚历山大大帝的影响所致。 【填一填➡激活思维】用适当的情态动词填空。 ①He _____ have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago.
他不可能去了上海, 我刚才还看见他了。 ②It’s so late. Where ____ she have gone?
天这么晚了, 她可能去哪儿了呢?
③He is playing on the playground. He _____ have finished the
work. 他正在操场上玩呢。他一定已经完成了工作。 ④She ______ have been ill yesterday, but I am not sure.
她昨天也许病了, 我不太确定。 can’t can must might 【记一记➡构建知识】 情态动词+have done表示对过去情况的推测:
(1)could have done sth. 本来能做某事; 可能做过某事 (2)must have done sth. 过去肯定做过某事 (3)can’t/couldn’t have done sth. 过去不可能做过某事 (4)may/might have done sth. 过去可能做过某事(语气不肯定) 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 (1)could have done还可以表示对过去客观事实的虚拟。 (2)must通常用于肯定句, 表示推测; 否定句与疑问句用can’t, couldn’t和can, could。 *Given another two days, I could have done it better.
如果再给我两天时间, 我会把它做得更好。
【拓展延伸】其他情态动词+完成时 (1)should/ought to+have done: 可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句, 表示责备或遗憾等, 意为“本来应该……”。 (2)shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth. 过去本来不应做某事却做了 (3)needn’t have done本来不必 You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。 *(2024·山东高考)Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. 他的很多歌曲仍然像以前一样流行。 *I bought a gift for her with the remaining money.
我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物。 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 (1)remain用作不及物动词, 只用于主动语态, 不可直接跟宾语。 (2)remain作系动词用, 后面接名词、形容词、介词短语、分词等作表语。 (3)表示“剩余的”时, 一定要用remaining或left。例如: 剩下的钱: the money left/the remaining money。 【拓展延伸】 不及物动词用作连系动词的有:
look(看起来), seem(似乎是), appear(似乎、显得), stay(保持), stand(处于某状况或情形), remain(保持), fall(变成某种状态), come(成为), turn(变成), sound(听起来)等。例如:
He suddenly fell ill yesterday. 他昨天突然病了。 He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。 Their dream has come true finally. 他们的梦想终于实现了。 4. complain vi. 抱怨 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Miners __________ ____ the government did not fulfill their
promises. 矿工们抱怨说政府没有履行诺言。 ②The American couple __________ ________ the high cost of
visiting Europe.
这对美国夫妇抱怨到欧洲旅行的花销太高。 complained that complained about/of 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)complain (that)
抱怨…… complain to sb. about/of向某人抱怨…… (2)complaint
n. 抱怨, 投诉 make a complaint 抱怨; 投诉 *(2024·江西高考)Mother always complains that children wear out their shoes very quickly.
母亲总是抱怨孩子们把鞋穿破得太快了。 *I’ve made a complaint to the police about the loud noise.
我向警察投诉噪音太大。 5. declare vt. 宣布, 宣称 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①Britain ________ ____ _________ Germany in 1914.
英国在1914年向德国宣战。 ②The judge ________ ____ __ ___ the winner.
裁判宣布他为获胜者。 ③China _______ _______ nuclear war.
中国公开表示反对核战争。 declared war on/against declared him
to be declares against 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)declare that. . . 宣布…… declare sb. /sth. (to be)＋adj.
宣布某人/某物…… declare for/against. . .
公开表示支持/反对 declare war on/against
对……宣战 (2)declaration
n. 宣布, 宣言, 宣告; 申报, 声明(书) *(2024·辽宁高考)Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional attitudes.
一些科学家宣称我们的疲劳大多产生于精神和情感态度。 *Only a month earlier, they had declared for the tax cut.
就在一个月前, 他们刚刚表示过赞成减税。 【猜一猜➡熟词生义】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 All the governors must declare their income on this form.
(
) 申报 6. aware adj. 意识到的, 知道的; 察觉到的 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①They ___ ______ __ the importance of protecting
environment.
他们清楚保护环境的重要性。 ②You ___ ___ ______ how worried I felt about your safety.
你不知道我多么担心你的安全。 are aware of are not aware 【记一记➡构建知识】 (1)be/become aware of知道, 感觉到 be aware that-clause
知道……; 意识到 make sb. aware of使某人意识到 so/as far as I am aware据我所知 (2)awareness n. 认识, 意识 *WHO report shows people’s awareness of food safety.
世界卫生组织的报告表明人们意识到了食品的安全。 *(2024·湖北高考)They have been made fully aware of its dangers.
他们已经完全意识到了它的危险。 *As far as I am aware, he moved to Canada two years ago.
据我所知, 他两年前移民到加拿大了。 【悟一悟➡参透误区】 (1)aware一般用作表语或宾语补足语, 不作定语。用于否定句时, 后可跟疑问词引导的从句。 (2)常用actually, perfectly, well, quite等副词修饰aware, 意思是“非常清楚, 完全知道”, 但不用very修饰。 【拓展延伸】(1)不用very修饰的形容词:
以a-开头的形容词, 如afraid, asleep, alone, alike, alive, awake以及worth, sure等, 这些形容词一般作表语, 不作定语, 这些词往往用特定的词来修饰。 ①The child was fast/sound asleep.
这个孩子睡得很香。 ②Now she is quite awake.
现在她完全清醒了。 ③The little girl is much afraid of snakes.
这个小女孩很怕蛇。 ④The book is well worth reading again.
这本书很值得再看一遍。 ⑤Are you quite sure about that?
你对那件事很有把握吗?
(2)aware/conscious/sensible 这些形容词都含有“意识到的”之意 aware 强调通过耳闻目睹或感觉而得到的信息, 也指敏锐的观察和推断。侧重感知, 多与of一起连用 conscious 指内心的感觉, 强调深刻的心理活动 sensible 侧重通过直觉或理性感觉意识到某物的存在 【核心短语】 7. take over 夺取; 接管; 掌握 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①After his father retired, he took over the company. (
) ②I took over her job while she was in New York. (
) ③The city was taken over by foreign invaders. (
) 接管 接替 夺取 【记一记➡构建知识】 take away 拿走, 移去, 减少
take apart 拆开, 分开 take back 收回(诺言、话语等) take down 写下, 记下; 拿下, 取下; 拆除, 拆掉 take in
收容; 吸收; 理解; 欺骗; 包括 take off 脱下; 起飞; (事业的)成功; 休假 take out拿出, 取出, 带……出去 8. carry out进行, 执行, 实施 【填一填➡激活思维】观察句子, 写出黑体部分的含义。 ①It was difficult to carry out the orders. (
) ②They decided to carry out the law of banning smoking in
public places. (
)
③Once you make a promise, you must carry it out. (
) ④With the help of his teacher, he succeeded in carrying out
the experiment. (
) 执行 实施 履行 进行, 做 【记一记➡构建知识】 carry sb. away
使某人失去控制 carry on (with sth. ) 继续(某事) carry sb. /sth. through帮助某人渡过难关, 成功完成某事 9. in memory of 纪念 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①The monument was built __ ________ __ the dead in the war.
建造这座纪念碑是为了纪念阵亡者。 ②He founded the charity __ ________ __ his late wife.
为了纪念他已故的妻子, 他创办了那项慈善事业。 in memory of in memory of 【记一记➡构建知识】 in face of
面临, 在……面前 in favour of 赞成, 支持 in honour of
纪念, 对……表示敬意 in need of
需要 in place of
代替, 取代 in praise of
赞扬, 表扬 in regard of关于, 就……而论, 在……方面 in support of
支持 in terms of
就……而言, 从……方面 10. no doubt无疑, 确实 【填一填➡激活思维】 ①(2024·江西高考) ___ ______ he wonders whether he wasn’t
