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必修 Unit4
Earthquakes
单元知识预览
项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）
重点单词 1．burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂，爆发
2．event n．事件；大事
3．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的，民族的→nationality n．国籍
4．ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
5．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．受苦，遭受
6．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.
7．injure vt.损害；伤害→injured adj.受伤的→injury n．伤害，损害
8．destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
9．useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful(反义词)→use v. & n．使用，利用
10．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊
11．rescue n. & vt.援救；营救
12．trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境
13．electricity n．电；电流；电学→electric adj.用电的；带电的；发电的→electrical adj.与电有关的；电学的
14．disaster n．灾难；灾祸
15．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
16．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
17．damage n. & vt.损失；损害
18．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
19．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．判断，判决
20．express vt.表示；表达n.快车；速递→expression n．表达→expressive adj.有表现力的
重点短语 1．right away立刻
2．at an end
结束
3．in ruins
成为废墟
4．dig out
掘出；发现
5．a(great) number of
许多；大量的
6．give out
分发；发出(气味、热等)
7．thousands of
成千上万
8．think little of
不重视；不假思索
9．blow away
吹走；刮走
10．be proud of
以……而自豪
11．instead of
代替
12．be trapped in
陷入……之中
13．be known for/as
因为/作为……出名14．bring in
引进；引来
经典句型
（高考书面表达必备） 1．In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在农家院子里，鸡和猪都烦躁不安，以致不吃食。
2．It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！
3．All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。
4．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。
5. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.工人们为那些家园遭受破坏的幸存者建了住所。
必备语法（高级句型） 名词性从句（2）
晨读范文背诵
背诵这篇范文注意划线部分的用法
假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。
回顾双方的交流活动（如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面）；
谈谈收获或感情；
表达祝愿语期望。
注意：
词数不少于100；
可适当加入细节，是内容充实、行文连贯；
开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
How time flies!
Thank you.
【答案】
One possible version:
Dear__friends,__
How__time__flies! Two weeks went by before we realized that our exchange activities ended. On behalf of our school, I would like to express my feelings.
As scheduled, we took part in several instructive activities. We have learnt many Chinese characters and often took exercise together. We went to the restaurant to taste the Chinese traditional food. The food was extremely delicious and different from our food. While visiting the art exhibition, we discussed the great artists' works.
As far as I'm concerned, everyone here is a member of our big family. And at last I sincerely wish you a pleasant trip to your country. I hope we'll get together again next year.
Thank__you.
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发
【教材原句】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
【例句研读】
(1)She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又___________，这使我们一头雾水。
（1）
(2)We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.
我们都认为他心中的快乐快要____________了。
（2）
(3)The police burst in and arrested the gang.
警察______________逮捕了那帮人。
（3）
【归纳拓展】
burst out 迸发；突然发作；突然……起来
burst into 闯入；突然出现；突然……起来；突然发作
burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来
burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来
burst in 闯入
burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支
be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做(某事)
at a(one) burst 一阵；一口气；一举；一下
a burst of anger 怒火的迸发
【即时巩固】
单项填空
1. One minute she burst into ____, and the next she burst out ____. We just couldn’t catch her mood at any moment.
A．crying; laughter
B．tears; laughing
C．tears; laughter
D．crying; laughing
2.Rose’s humor was________ make every student burst into_______.
A．so amused as to…laughter B．so amusing as to… laughter
C．such that…laughing D．so that… laughing
完成句子
3.After that, he ______________________(突然大哭起来)．
4.There came _______________________(一阵笑声)．
5.He blew the balloon ________________(直到它爆裂为止)．
考点2．ruin n. [U]毁坏；毁灭，崩溃[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹v. (使)破产，(使)堕落，毁灭
【教材原句】In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。
【例句研读】
(1)Drink was his father's ruin and it will be the ruin of him too.
酗酒是他父亲________的原因，他也将遭同样的__________。（1）
(2)Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
多年的战事已经使得这个地区__________。
（2）
(3)A large number of churches fell to ruin after the revolution. 革命过后，许多教堂________。（3）
(4)The heavy rain ruined our holiday.
大雨把我们的假期彻底__________。
（4）
(5)If you go on like this, you'll ruin yourself.
如果你继续这样下去，你会自己___________。
（5）
【归纳拓展】
in ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
be the ruin of 成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因
come/fall to ruin 毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉
bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败；使倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
ruin oneself 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
【即时巩固】
根据汉语提示完成句子
(1)An earthquake________________________(使全城到处是颓垣断壁)．(leave)
(2)Some pre－war constructions were abandoned and eventually ________________(成了废墟)．
(3)That one mistake ________ (毁坏)his chances of getting the job.
（4）His future lies __________ because he was caught stealing in the shop and put into prison.
A．as usual B．in ruins
C．by mistake D．on purpose
考点3．injure vt. 损害，伤害
【教材原句】The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.死伤的人数达到40多万。
【例句研读】
(1)The boy injured his leg.
这个男孩把腿_____________。
（1）
(2)Your remark may injure her pride.
你的话也许会___________。
（2）
(3)I didn't mean to do her an injury.
我并未打算_________她。
（3）
【归纳拓展】
injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害
injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
do an injury to sb.伤害某人
the injured伤员
an injured look/expression委屈的样子/表情
injured pride/feelings受到伤害的自尊/情感
【即时巩固】
用wound, hurt或injure的适当形式填空
(1)His cold behaviour
________ her deeply.
(2)The bullet________ him in the shoulder.
(3)He was ________ in the accident.
(4)When the girl learned that her boyfriend was ________ in the earthquake, she ________．
A．injured; burst in tear
B．killed; burst out tears
C．still alive; burst into tears
D．missing; burst into laughter
考点4．shock n. [U；C]打击；震惊；震动；休克vt. 使震惊，使惊愕
【教材原句】People were shocked.人们惊呆了。
【例句研读】
(1)The news of his wife's death was a terrible shock to him.
他妻子去世的消息_________________。
（1）
(2)He was shocked at her smoking.
看到她在吸烟，他很______________。
（2）
(3) It shocked me to see how my neighbours treated their children.
看到邻居们如何对待孩子，我感到________。（3）
【归纳拓展】
be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震惊
be shocked to do sth. 惧怕做某事
It shocked sb. to see/hear...看见/听到……使某人震惊。
(be) a shock to sb. 对某人来说是个打击
提示：shocked adj. 感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)
shocking adj. 令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)
【即时巩固】
(1)____________________ the sight.
这情景使我大为震惊。
(2)If you touch a live wire, __________________．
如果你摸带电的线，就会触电。
(3)The message __________________________．
这条消息使他震惊。
(4)The ________ news made all the people present ________.
A．shocking; shocking
B．shocking; shocked
C．shocked; shocking
D．shocked; shocked
（5）—Have you heard of ________ death of Steven Jobs? — Yes. It must be________ shock to Apple fans.
A．the; the B．a; the C．the; a D．a; /
考点5．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
【教材原句】The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
【例句研读】
(1)He was sitting with his head buried in a book.他坐着__________。（1）
(2)He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets.
他走得很慢，两手_________。（2）
(3)After the divorce, she buried herself in her work.离婚后，她____________。（3）
【归纳拓展】
bury oneself in study 埋头研究
bury oneself in (doing) sth. 专心致力于(做)某事
be buried in thoughts 沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
be buried alive 被活埋；隐居
提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。
【即时巩固】
1. _______ in thought, I didn’t notice what was happening.
A．Having buried B．Burying C．Buried D．To be buried
2.________ deep down in the earth for thousands of years, the dead forest has rotted away and become coal．
A．Having buried B．Being buried
C．Buried D．To be buried
3. After starting work, Cao spent his evenings _____ in his books and was eventually admitted to a secondary technical school.
A．burying B．buried
C．being buried D．having buried
考点6．judge v. 断定；判断；判决n. 裁判员；法官；评判员
【教材原句】Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.评委会的五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都认为你的演讲是今年最好的。
【例句研读】
(1)Don't judge a book by its cover.
勿________取人。（1）
(2) Judging from/by his accent, he must be a southerner.
根据他的口音_________，他一定是个南方人。（2）
(3)He was judged to be the best actor of this year.
他____________今年的最佳男演员。（3）
【归纳拓展】
judgment n. 判断，审判，意见，判断力
judging by/from 从……上看，根据……判断
judge sb./sth. from/by... 从……来判断
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法
