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重庆市2024高考英语阅读理解选编（6）（附解析）
阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions — and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.
"We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions," Jack said. "Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth."
According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. "The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions," Jack said. "Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less."
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.
(
) 1. The discovery shows that Westerners
.
A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B. consider facial expressions universally reliable
C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
(
) 2. What were the people asked to do in the study?
A. To make a face at each other.
B. To get their faces impressive.
C. To classify some face pictures.
D. To observe the researchers' faces.
(
) 3. What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The participants in the study.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study.
D. The data collected from the study.
(
) 4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to
.
A. do translation more successfully
B. study the mouth more frequently
C. examine the eyes more attentively
D. read facial expressions more correctly
(
) 5. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding
【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。
1. 答案：A
考点：细节理解题
解析：根据第三段 “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 可以得出答案
2. 答案：C
考点：细节理解题
解析：根据第五段 “…by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以判断选C
3. 答案：A
考点：词义猜测
解析：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A
4. 答案：C
考点：细节理解题
解析：根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可判断选C
5. 答案：B
考点：主旨大意题
解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B。
阅读理解训练
(2024·长春市质量检测二)
Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow with two human genes that will enable it to produce humanlike milk.
Genetic engineering was used to introduce the “mothers' milk” genes into the animal before birth, according to the National Institute of Agribusiness Technology in Buenos Aires.
As an adult the cloned cow “will produce milk that is similar to humans” in what will prove “a development of great importance for the nutrition of infants(婴儿)”， said the institute.“The cloned cow, named Rosita ISA, is the first in the world that incorporates two human genes that contain the proteins present in human milk，” said the statement.
The Argentine team said the Chinese only introduced one human gene, while their research involved two，meaning the milk will more_closely_resemble that of humans.
“Our goal was to raise the nutrition value of cows' milk by adding two human genes, which do good to the immune system of the infants.” said Adrian Mutto, from the National University of San Martin which worked with the institute.
Cristina Kirchner, President of Argentina, said that the scientific institute “makes all Argentines proud.”She also rejected that she had rejected the “honour” of having the cow named after her. “They came to tell me that the name is Cristina, but what woman would like to have a cow named after her? It appeared to me to be more proper to call it Rosita.”
文章大意：这是一篇资讯报道，属记叙文体裁，介绍了阿根廷通过添加人类基因的方式培育出了“类人乳”牛。
5．What's the passage mainly about?
A．The importance of genetic engineering.
B．Ways to improve “mothers' milk”．
C．A cloned cow to produce humanlike milk.
D．Advanced agricultural technology in Argentina.
答案：C 主旨大意题。根据科技资讯报道的特点，在文章第一段就会出现文章主题句，即 Scientists in Argentina have created the world's first cow with two human genes that will enable it to produce humanlike milk.即可得出正确结论，故选C。
6．Which of the following can be best replace “more closely resemble” in Paragraph 4?
A．have more varieties than
B．be more similar to
C．have more nutrition than
D．be more different from
答案：B 词义猜测题。第四段内容介绍了中国培育了加入一个人类基因的牛可以被认为 “humanlike”，那么阿根廷加入两个，足见是“更接近人乳”了，故选B。
7．What can be inferred from Cristina Kirchner's statements?
A．She was quite satisfied with the research done by the institute.
B．She considered it an honor to name the special cow.
C．She felt it improper to be named after the cow.
D．She refused to give a name to the cow out of selfrespect.
答案：A 推理判断题。女总统的话the scientific institute “makes all Argentines proud” 说明A 正确。B中说她认为给牛命名是一种荣耀，并未提及。最后一段，只要明确name和name after区别即可。be named after her 是以她的名字命名，而be named after the cow是以牛的名字命名；显然C是错误的，而D中give a name to the cow是给牛起名的意思，故D不对。
（2024高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。体裁：说明文 话题：人与科技 词数：365 时间：5′
You don't need to get in a timetraveling machine to see how technology will reshape our lives, such as the way we shop. Several new technologies that are to change your buying habits already exist.Let's see what's in store for your future shopping.
Try it on, virtually (虚拟地). Want to shop online for a new pair of eyeglasses? You don't need to guess which pair looks best on you—use the eBay Fashion iPhone app(程序) to try a pair of eyewear you're checking out on a picture of your face. But what if you want to buy something bigger? Thanks to Microsoft Kinect's motion tracking camera, you can cover clothes on your screen body.
You can even choose the background of your virtual fitting room to enrich your shopping experience.
Get a perfect, custom fit. Everyone's body is shaped differently. To get a perfect fit, you sometimes have to get your clothes changed. But by using 3D scanning technology, all the clothes you buy will fit your body perfectly.Some companies scan your body using Hightech to get the most accurate measurements,
so they can make special clothes just for you.
Hightech shopping carts and checkout counters. Hightech shopping carts could, in time, be a common sight in malls and supermarkets. Microsoft Kinectenabled carts are currently under test.
The cart can follow you along the aisles (通道), controlled merely by your movement and your voice. In China, a supermarket chain introduced tabletequipped carts that guide shoppers around the stores' aisles.
In the United States, several supermarkets use a device called Scan It that gives buyers the freedom to scan purchases on their own while they shop.
While it's great not having to line up at a checkout counter, we wouldn't mind it if the store used Toshiba's new Object Recognition Scanner. The machine identifies a product as soon as it's placed in front of a camera just by its shape and color, even if it has no bar code.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几种未来的购物方式。
1．What's the best title for this text?
A．Ways for future shopping
B．Influence of new technology
C．Inventions to change habits
D．A new timetraveling machine
答案 A
2．According to Paragraph 2，the eBay Fashion iPhone app can ________．
A．make vivid pictures of our face
B．help us sell more clothes online
C．create us a virtual dressing room
D．choose suitable eyeglasses for us
答案 D
3．Which of the following can get the most accurate shape of our body?
A．Object Recognition Scanner.B．The eBay Fashion iPhone app.C．3D scanning technology.
D．Microsoft Kinectenabled carts.
答案 C
4．The Object Recognition Scanner can identify a product more quickly by ________．
A．the customer's voice
B．its shape and color
C．the customer's movement
D．the bar code on it
答案 B
5．What can we infer from this text?
A．Checkout counters will disappear from supermarkets in future.
B．Buyers can use Scan It to go around the supermarket by themselves.
C．Hightech shopping carts will be widely used in malls and supermarkets.
D．The new technologies are only dreams that are impossible to come true.
答案 C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.
(
) 1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
(
) 2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“
”.
A. affect
B. change
C. disturb
D. reject
(
) 3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses
.
A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
(
) 4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will
