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2024届广东省广州市高考英语一轮复习试题精选:单项填空(情态动词与虚拟语气)(含解析)

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  情态动词与虚拟语气

  一、考点解读

  情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系,它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考试题中,对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有。纵观近几年的高考试题可以看出,高考对情态动词的考查热点主要包括:

  1. 准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法。

  2. 准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气结构中的使用。

  3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+从句, It's time+从句等句型中的虚拟语气。

  4. 表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词汇后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。

  5. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。

  二、题例精讲

  ()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

  A.will

  B.can

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词的用法。should have done表达“本应该做……然而没有做成……”。C项有一定的干扰性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。

  ()2.If you________

  smoke,please go outside.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。must在这里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。结合句意:如果你非要吸烟的话,请到外面去。所以选C。can表示“能力”;should表示“应当”;may表示“可能”。

  ()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

  —Don't worry. He

  ________

  come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

  A.must not

  B.need not

  C.would not

  D.might not

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词。由后面的“not certain (不确定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不来,所以选D。A项表示“不准,禁止”;B项表示“没必要”;C项不符合时态要求。

  ()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

  —I wish they________

  always late.

  A. weren't

  B. hadn't been

  C. wouldn't be

  D. wouldn't have been

  【解析】 A 考查虚拟语气。由第一个人所说的话可以看出,他担心孩子们来了会把准备好的晚餐给破坏了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是对现在或将来的虚拟,用一般过去时即可。

  ()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

  A. had come

  B. was coming

  C. would come

  D. would have come

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。由but 后的句子可知是对过去情况的虚拟,所以应该用would have done 结构。句意为:我该早来一会儿的,但是我不知道他们在等我。

  ()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

  —I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.

  A. will

  B. must

  C. may

  D. can

  【解析】 B 考查情态动词。根据问题“要我马上告知他计划的改变吗?”可知答句为“恐怕你必须如此,以防他开会迟到”。

  ()7.—How's your new babysitter?

  —We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

  A.should

  B.might

  C. mustn't

  D.couldn't

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词。根据句意“你们的新保姆怎么样?”“我们不能再要求更好的了,孩子们都很喜欢她。”这里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“应该,应当”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允许”。

  ()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they

  ________.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。can表能力。do all (that) one can意为“竭尽全力”。句意为:“虽然警察仍未找到那个失踪的孩子,但他们正竭尽所能。”

  ()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

  —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.

  A.could

  B.might

  C.would

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。答语句意:我本来想去,但母亲偏不让我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,总是不”。

  ()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

  A.couldn't have gone

  B.didn't go

  C.wouldn't go

  D.hadn't gone

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。所填部分表示对过去发生过的动作进行猜测,应用“情态动词+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“过去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合题意。

  ()11.—No one

  ________ be compared

  with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

  —Oh, you are really his big fan.

  A.can

  B.need

  C.must

  D.might

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。句意为:“在打篮球方面没有人能与姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉丝。”根据句意可判断选A。

  ()12. If you ________

  go, at least wait until the storm is over.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.will

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。根据句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴风雨停下来吧。”对比四个情态动词can“能够,可能”,may“可能”,must“必须,一定”及will“将要”可知答案为C。

  ()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.

  A.mustn't

  B.can't

  C.won't

  D.needn't

  【解析】 B 考查情态动词的用法。句意为:在门口的不可能是邮递员,现在仅仅六点钟。A项“禁止”;B项“不可能”;C项“将不会”;D项“不必”。根据句意和语境答案为B。

  三、试题模拟

  ()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.

  A. would

  B. will

  C. shall

  D. could

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。句意:当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。would在这里表示(过去)常常。

  ()2.—Where is Lucy?

  —I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词。这里表示对过去状况的推断,用“情态动词+have done”。从前面的“我不确定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“过去可能已经了……”(不确定)。must have done表示“过去一定做了……”(非常确定);can have done用在此处不合适,should have done表示“过去本该做……(实际却没做)”。

  ()3.You

  ________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.

  A.must

  B.will

  C.shall

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。句意:你在接下来的期末考试中取得好成绩的话,会得到一辆自行车作为奖励。根据句意可知,此处要用表示许诺的情态动词shall。

  ()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.

  A. are not

  B. be not

  C.would not be

  D. would not have been

  【解析】 C 考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中, 从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设, 主句表示现在可能会出现的状况, 主句中常常加now, today等时间状语, 这时主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。句意:你要是早听我的话, 现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。

  ()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.

  A.might lend

  B.may lend

  C.must have lent

  D.might have lent

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。句意为:我本可以把自行车借给你的,但是我没有想到你会这么快就回来了。might have done表示本可以做某事而实际上没有做。

  ()6.The order came that the medical supplies

  ________

  to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.

  A.would be sent

  B.should send

  C.be sent

  D.must be sent

  【解析】 C 考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order,suggest,command等)后面接从句时,从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语用should+do,should可以省略。故选C。

  ()7.—If you

  ________

  to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.

  —I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.

  A.came

  B.had come

  C.would come

  D.would have come

  【解析】 B 考查虚拟语气。从语意分析,这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟,主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done,条件句用过去完成时态,答案应该选B项。

  ()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.

  —Don't mention it.

  A.should be

  B.would be

  C.will have been D.would have been

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事,因此要使用情态动词would+完成式。

  ()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________

  the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

  A.would win

  B.would have won

  C.would not win

  D.would not have won

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示与过去的事实相反,故用与过去相反的虚拟语气,因此D项符合题意。

  ()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.

  A.will

  B.should

  C.could

  D.may

  【解析】 B 考查情态动词辨析。句意:教育的目的应该是为学生提供一套价值观,而不是让他们为从事某一项特定的工作做好准备。情态动词should表示“应该”,合乎语境。

  情态动词与虚拟语气

  一、考点解读

  情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系,它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考试题中,对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有。纵观近几年的高考试题可以看出,高考对情态动词的考查热点主要包括:

  1. 准确把握情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法。

  2. 准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气结构中的使用。

  3. wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+从句, It's time+从句等句型中的虚拟语气。

  4. 表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词汇后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。

  5. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。

  二、题例精讲

  ()1. They________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

  A.will

  B.can

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词的用法。should have done表达“本应该做……然而没有做成……”。C项有一定的干扰性,must have done sth表示“肯定做了某事”。

  ()2.If you________

  smoke,please go outside.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。must在这里表示“偏偏,非要”的意思。结合句意:如果你非要吸烟的话,请到外面去。所以选C。can表示“能力”;should表示“应当”;may表示“可能”。

  ()3.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him?

  —Don't worry. He

  ________

  come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.

  A.must not

  B.need not

  C.would not

  D.might not

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词。由后面的“not certain (不确定的)what his plans were”可以看出,他可能不来,所以选D。A项表示“不准,禁止”;B项表示“没必要”;C项不符合时态要求。

  ()4. —Where are the children? The dinner's going to be completely ruined.

  —I wish they________

  always late.

  A. weren't

  B. hadn't been

  C. wouldn't be

  D. wouldn't have been

  【解析】 A 考查虚拟语气。由第一个人所说的话可以看出,他担心孩子们来了会把准备好的晚餐给破坏了,由此可以看出,第二句wish 后是对现在或将来的虚拟,用一般过去时即可。

  ()5. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.

  A. had come

  B. was coming

  C. would come

  D. would have come

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。由but 后的句子可知是对过去情况的虚拟,所以应该用would have done 结构。句意为:我该早来一会儿的,但是我不知道他们在等我。

  ()6.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?

  —I am afraid you________, in case he comes late for the meeting.

  A. will

  B. must

  C. may

  D. can

  【解析】 B 考查情态动词。根据问题“要我马上告知他计划的改变吗?”可知答句为“恐怕你必须如此,以防他开会迟到”。

  ()7.—How's your new babysitter?

  —We ________ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.

  A.should

  B.might

  C. mustn't

  D.couldn't

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词。根据句意“你们的新保姆怎么样?”“我们不能再要求更好的了,孩子们都很喜欢她。”这里couldn't表示“不能……”,符合句意。should表示“应该,应当”;might表示“可能”;mustn't表示“禁止,不允许”。

  ()8. The police still haven't found the lost child, but they're doing all they

  ________.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.should

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。can表能力。do all (that) one can意为“竭尽全力”。句意为:“虽然警察仍未找到那个失踪的孩子,但他们正竭尽所能。”

  ()9.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night?

  —I wanted to, but my mom simply ________ not let me out so late at night.

  A.could

  B.might

  C.would

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。答语句意:我本来想去,但母亲偏不让我深夜外出。would用于否定句中,表示“不肯,总是不”。

  ()10.I________ through that bitter period without your generous help.

  A.couldn't have gone

  B.didn't go

  C.wouldn't go

  D.hadn't gone

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。所填部分表示对过去发生过的动作进行猜测,应用“情态动词+ have done”句型,couldn't have done表示“过去本不可能做……(但做了)”,符合题意。

  ()11.—No one

  ________ be compared

  with Yao Ming in playing basketball.

  —Oh, you are really his big fan.

  A.can

  B.need

  C.must

  D.might

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。句意为:“在打篮球方面没有人能与姚明相比。”“呵,你真是他的粉丝。”根据句意可判断选A。

  ()12. If you ________

  go, at least wait until the storm is over.

  A.can

  B.may

  C.must

  D.will

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。根据句意“如果你________走,至少要等到暴风雨停下来吧。”对比四个情态动词can“能够,可能”,may“可能”,must“必须,一定”及will“将要”可知答案为C。

  ()13. It ________ be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock.

  A.mustn't

  B.can't

  C.won't

  D.needn't

  【解析】 B 考查情态动词的用法。句意为:在门口的不可能是邮递员,现在仅仅六点钟。A项“禁止”;B项“不可能”;C项“将不会”;D项“不必”。根据句意和语境答案为B。

  三、试题模拟

  ()1.When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we________ often go to the cinema together.

  A. would

  B. will

  C. shall

  D. could

  【解析】 A 考查情态动词。句意:当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。would在这里表示(过去)常常。

  ()2.—Where is Lucy?

  —I can't say where she is, but she ________ have gone to meet her classmates, for they want to go to Sichuan to work as volunteers.

  A.can

  B.should

  C.must

  D.may

  【解析】 D 考查情态动词。这里表示对过去状况的推断,用“情态动词+have done”。从前面的“我不确定她在哪里”可知,用may have done,表示“过去可能已经了……”(不确定)。must have done表示“过去一定做了……”(非常确定);can have done用在此处不合适,should have done表示“过去本该做……(实际却没做)”。

  ()3.You

  ________ get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam.

  A.must

  B.will

  C.shall

  D.should

  【解析】 C 考查情态动词。句意:你在接下来的期末考试中取得好成绩的话,会得到一辆自行车作为奖励。根据句意可知,此处要用表示许诺的情态动词shall。

  ()4.Had you listened to me, you________ in trouble now.

  A. are not

  B. be not

  C.would not be

  D. would not have been

  【解析】 C 考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气中, 从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设, 主句表示现在可能会出现的状况, 主句中常常加now, today等时间状语, 这时主句谓语动词应该用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。句意:你要是早听我的话, 现在你就不会遇到这么大的麻烦了。

  ()5.I ________ you my bicycle, but I didn't expect you would come back so soon.

  A.might lend

  B.may lend

  C.must have lent

  D.might have lent

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。句意为:我本可以把自行车借给你的,但是我没有想到你会这么快就回来了。might have done表示本可以做某事而实际上没有做。

  ()6.The order came that the medical supplies

  ________

  to Beijing for the H1N1 flu soon.

  A.would be sent

  B.should send

  C.be sent

  D.must be sent

  【解析】 C 考查虚拟语气。当表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词(如order,suggest,command等)后面接从句时,从句用虚拟语气,从句谓语用should+do,should可以省略。故选C。

  ()7.—If you

  ________

  to my birthday party last Saturday, you would have met our old friend Jim.

  —I caught a cold because I had been walking around in the rain.

  A.came

  B.had come

  C.would come

  D.would have come

  【解析】 B 考查虚拟语气。从语意分析,这是非真实条件句中对过去状况的虚拟,主句谓语用should/would/could/might have done,条件句用过去完成时态,答案应该选B项。

  ()8.—Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ________ late yesterday.

  —Don't mention it.

  A.should be

  B.would be

  C.will have been D.would have been

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。从语境可知说话人是在谈论昨天的事,因此要使用情态动词would+完成式。

  ()9.Without the help of my English teacher, I ________

  the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.

  A.would win

  B.would have won

  C.would not win

  D.would not have won

  【解析】 D 考查虚拟语气。这是一个隐含的虚拟条件句,含有if my English teacher hadn't helped me with my spoken English之意,表示与过去的事实相反,故用与过去相反的虚拟语气,因此D项符合题意。

  ()10.The purpose of education ________ be to provide students with a value system—not to prepare them for a specific job.

  A.will

  B.should

  C.could

  D.may

  【解析】 B 考查情态动词辨析。句意:教育的目的应该是为学生提供一套价值观,而不是让他们为从事某一项特定的工作做好准备。情态动词should表示“应该”,合乎语境。

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