【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
第4讲 词句猜测题 考点1 猜测词义类 【典例】(2024·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)
. . .
. . . Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras, ”explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Q: What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Donations.
B. Projects.
C. Artworks.
D. Documents.
【解题思路】 速读文章, 在画线词前后找出相关的信息词。 __________________________________ _________________________________________________ 尝试解答: __ ①The fine selection of the major works ②from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum C 【解题技巧】 1. “文中信息”巧利用 考查考生根据上下文语境判断生词意义的能力, 要学会“顺藤摸瓜”或“上下取证”。 ①同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释, 如利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等词语进行解释, 或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释等。 ②因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测。 ③前后对比法。对生词给出一定的对比背景, 并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现。 ④语境理解法。根据语境猜测词义占此类试题的大多数, 做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理, 从而猜测出生词的意义。 ⑤基本构词法。 2. 常见命题方式 The underlined word. . . probably means______.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word. . . ?
考点2 猜测短语类 【典例】(2024·全国卷Ⅱ·A片段)
My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
… Q: Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?
A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies 【解题思路】 速读文章, 在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。 _______________ _____________ ____________________________________________ 尝试解答: __ ①keep it on until ②Fortunately ③didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies A 【解题技巧】 1. “语境分析”猜短语 短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程, 即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思, 然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于解决问题。 2. 常见命题方式 The underlined phrase. . . could be replaced by______.
What does the underlined phrase. . . refer to?
【误区纠偏】 短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况:
1. 短语的字面意思。 2. 文中出现的与猜测无关的内容。 3. 命题人凭空杜撰的内容。 考点3 猜测句意类 【典例】(2024·浙江高考·D片段)
In 2004, when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were united in their desire for a dog. As for me, I shared none of their canine lust.
But why, they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog. ”“But we’ll do it. “Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog? ”Yes, yes, and yes. “I don’t believe you. ”We will. We promise.
They didn’t. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life(small, medium, and large), she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack. ”
… Q: Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack. ”(Paragraph 3)?
A. “The middle-aged person loves me most. ” B. “The medium-sized woman is the hostess. ” C. “The man in the middle is the one who has the final say. ” D. “The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family. ” 【解题思路】 速读文章, 试找出与画线句相关的句子, 并找出关键词:
画线句: The medium one is the sucker in the pack.
相关句: ①____________________________________________ ②___________________________________________________________ ______________ 尝试解答: __ From day two. . . , neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to. . . , Misty knew this on day one. D 【解题技巧】 1. “意义吻合”定句意 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章, 用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 ①返回原文, 找到该句, 对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解, 首先要理解句子前后的语境, 其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断, 最后再归纳总结。 ②一般说来, 正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同, 是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。 2. 常见命题方式 Which of the following best explains the underlined part. . . ?
What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?
考点4 猜测指代类 【典例】
(2024·浙江高考·C片段)
. . . Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of
ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
. . .
Q: What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to?
A. The night.
B. The moon.
C. The sky.
D. The planet.
【解题思路】 速读文章, 找出相关句并找出关键词。 Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
尝试解答: __ A 【解题技巧】 1. “就近原则”判指代 此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this, that, it, they, them, one, which等)或代动词(do, does, did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法:
①返回原文, 找出指代词(it, they, them, this. . . )。 ②向上(有时向下)搜索, 找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词, 看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺, 并最终确定最佳答案。 2. 常见命题方式 What does the underlined word “this/it/them. . . ”refer to?
The underlined part “it/that/they. . . ”(in Para. . . . )refers to______.
【文体链接】
一、说明文结构特点
1. 说明对象: 说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题, 如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等, 介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果, 社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等。
2. 说明顺序: 时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序等。
3. 说明方法: 举例、分类或类比、对比, 给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果等。
4. 说明文特点: ①时态多为一般现在时; ②条理十分清晰; ③多为被动语态, 表达客观的事物。
二、说明文的解题技巧
1. 略读: 通过略读, 领略内容大意, 帮助理解, 为细读做准备。寻找主题句, 获取大意, 找出每段的主题。理解主题句与文章的具体事实细节的关系, 对文章进行整体理解, 获取文章表达的正确信息。
2. 跳读: 寻找所需信息, 如年代、数字、人名、地名等, 把握住关键词, 利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等, 抓住文章脉络。
3. 细读: 分段细读, 注意细节及语言结构, 抓住关键信息, 解释文章结构的内在联系, 帮助深化理解。
第4讲 词句猜测题 考点1 猜测词义类 【典例】(2024·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)
. . .
. . . Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities(无限). “From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras, ”explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida.
Q: What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Donations.
B. Projects.
C. Artworks.
D. Documents.
【解题思路】 速读文章, 在画线词前后找出相关的信息词。 __________________________________ _________________________________________________ 尝试解答: __ ①The fine selection of the major works ②from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum C 【解题技巧】 1. “文中信息”巧利用 考查考生根据上下文语境判断生词意义的能力, 要学会“顺藤摸瓜”或“上下取证”。 ①同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释, 如利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等词语进行解释, 或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释等。 ②因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行猜测。 ③前后对比法。对生词给出一定的对比背景, 并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现。 ④语境理解法。根据语境猜测词义占此类试题的大多数, 做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理, 从而猜测出生词的意义。 ⑤基本构词法。 2. 常见命题方式 The underlined word. . . probably means______.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word. . . ?
考点2 猜测短语类 【典例】(2024·全国卷Ⅱ·A片段)
My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldn’t fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.
… Q: Which of the following can best replace the phrase “signed off” in Paragraph 1?
A. ended all their programs B. provided fewer channels C. changed to commercials D. showed all-night movies 【解题思路】 速读文章, 在画线部分前后找出相关的信息词。 _______________ _____________ ____________________________________________ 尝试解答: __ ①keep it on until ②Fortunately ③didn’t get any channels showing all-night movies A 【解题技巧】 1. “语境分析”猜短语 短语猜测题是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程, 即利用该短语前后的已知部分进行推理判断。首先注意分析短语的意思, 然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义更有利于解决问题。 2. 常见命题方式 The underlined phrase. . . could be replaced by______.
What does the underlined phrase. . . refer to?
【误区纠偏】 短语猜测题的干扰项一般是以下几种情况:
1. 短语的字面意思。 2. 文中出现的与猜测无关的内容。 3. 命题人凭空杜撰的内容。 考点3 猜测句意类 【典例】(2024·浙江高考·D片段)
In 2004, when my daughter Becky was ten, she and my husband, Joe, were united in their desire for a dog. As for me, I shared none of their canine lust.
But why, they pleaded. “Because I don’t have time to take care of a dog. ”“But we’ll do it. “Really? You’re going to walk the dog? Feed the dog? Bathe the dog? ”Yes, yes, and yes. “I don’t believe you. ”We will. We promise.
They didn’t. From day two (everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day), neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life(small, medium, and large), she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack. ”
… Q: Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack. ”(Paragraph 3)?
A. “The middle-aged person loves me most. ” B. “The medium-sized woman is the hostess. ” C. “The man in the middle is the one who has the final say. ” D. “The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family. ” 【解题思路】 速读文章, 试找出与画线句相关的句子, 并找出关键词:
画线句: The medium one is the sucker in the pack.
相关句: ①____________________________________________ ②___________________________________________________________ ______________ 尝试解答: __ From day two. . . , neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to. . . , Misty knew this on day one. D 【解题技巧】 1. “意义吻合”定句意 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章, 用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 ①返回原文, 找到该句, 对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解, 首先要理解句子前后的语境, 其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断, 最后再归纳总结。 ②一般说来, 正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同, 是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达。 2. 常见命题方式 Which of the following best explains the underlined part. . . ?
What is the implied meaning of the underlined sentence above?
考点4 猜测指代类 【典例】
(2024·浙江高考·C片段)
. . . Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of
ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences—called light pollution—whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ⅲ-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels—and light rhythms—to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.
. . .
Q: What does“it”(Paragraph 1)most probably refer to?
A. The night.
B. The moon.
C. The sky.
D. The planet.
【解题思路】 速读文章, 找出相关句并找出关键词。 Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.
尝试解答: __ A 【解题技巧】 1. “就近原则”判指代 此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this, that, it, they, them, one, which等)或代动词(do, does, did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法:
①返回原文, 找出指代词(it, they, them, this. . . )。 ②向上(有时向下)搜索, 找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。 ③将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词, 看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺, 并最终确定最佳答案。 2. 常见命题方式 What does the underlined word “this/it/them. . . ”refer to?
The underlined part “it/that/they. . . ”(in Para. . . . )refers to______.
【文体链接】
一、说明文结构特点
1. 说明对象: 说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题, 如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等, 介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果, 社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等。
2. 说明顺序: 时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序等。
3. 说明方法: 举例、分类或类比、对比, 给事物下定义或分析事物产生的原因以及后果等。
4. 说明文特点: ①时态多为一般现在时; ②条理十分清晰; ③多为被动语态, 表达客观的事物。
二、说明文的解题技巧
1. 略读: 通过略读, 领略内容大意, 帮助理解, 为细读做准备。寻找主题句, 获取大意, 找出每段的主题。理解主题句与文章的具体事实细节的关系, 对文章进行整体理解, 获取文章表达的正确信息。
2. 跳读: 寻找所需信息, 如年代、数字、人名、地名等, 把握住关键词, 利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等, 抓住文章脉络。
3. 细读: 分段细读, 注意细节及语言结构, 抓住关键信息, 解释文章结构的内在联系, 帮助深化理解。
