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课后达标检测23 Unit 4 Public transport
(建议用时：70分钟)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2024·浏阳一中模拟)As time goes by，the________ between the various classes of society are not so sharply marked as they used to be.
A．divisions B．gaps
C．separations
D．intervals
2．(2024·长沙雅礼中学模拟)As we know，the purpose of communication is to________ your thoughts and ideas to others effectively.
A．pass
B．send
C．convey
D．show
3．The increasing number of cars on the road ________ traffic.That was the reason why they failed to get there on time.
A．choked back
B．choked down
C．choked off
D．choked up
4．(2024·江苏南京四校联考)—________ no ad during TV plays.
—Great move！I cannot tolerate those annoying ads appearing every several minutes.
A．There is said to have
B．It is said to have
C．There is said to be
D．It is said to be
5．(2024·高考湖北卷)In much of the animal world，night is the time________for sleep—pure and simple.
A．set aside
B．set down
C．set off
D．set up
6．(2024·江苏南京高三调研)A global village has indeed ________ among the teenage generation，who share common values and attitudes.
A．set up
B．speeded up
C．risen up
D．sprung up
7．Five minutes earlier ________ we could have avoided the accident.
A．or
B．but
C．so
D．and
8．He was rejected for the job vacancy because he couldn’t be ________even for the interview.
A．responsible
B．beneficial
C．punctual
D．regular
9．(2024·江苏南京师大附中模拟考试)—Excuse me，sir.My visa is due at the end of this month.Can I ________ it?
—Sure.You can just go to the Public Security Office in our city to fill in some forms.
A．expand
B．extend
C．postpone
D．confirm
10．If the equipment is not up to the agreed specifications and quality，we will ________ to replace it.
A．undertake
B．force
C．overcome
D．apply
11．(2024·浙江金华十校模拟)Many road accidents________ from careless driving，according to the recent reports from the police.
A．involve
B．reduce
C．arise
D．increase
12．(2024·江苏滨海中学期中)Nowadays working women bear a lot more pressure ________ them from families and careers.
A．put on
B．put down
C．put aside
D．put away
13．________ the satellite launch drew near，the research workers put their hearts to the test and always stayed up late.
A．As
B．Because
C．With
D．While
14．The black box is a necessary device on an airplane，which records its speed，direction and whether everything on the airplane ________ normally.
A．will function
B．functioned
C．is functioning
D．has functioned
15．—Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?
—Thank you.________.
A．It couldn’t be better
B．Of course you can
C．If you like
D．It’s up to youⅡ.完形填空
(2024·湖南省高考命题研究专家原创卷)On a cold winter day, Roger Andersen set off for a ski trip with his kids, Mia and Baylor, and his nine－year－old neighbor Kenya Wildman. The weather was glorious for driving up the slopes—but the __1__ they drove, the smoother the roads became. When reaching a sharp __2__， Andersen saw a truck that had skated off the road and quickly slammed on the brakes (刹车). In an instant, the car was __3__ at 25 miles per hour toward the shoulder of the highway, and then __4__ the Logan River.
There was no time to tell the kids what to do. “It was __5__ that how fast we were completely underwater，”Andersen remembered.Lost in his direction，Andersen began to search the __6__ water for the kids. Mia had been right next to him in the front seat; now, in the __7__， he couldn’t find her. Andersen unfastened his seat belt and __8__ through a broken window. That was when he saw a group of men race down and jump into the water. Andersen was __9__，“My kids are in the car！” The river was only about four feet deep near the bank, but the car’s doors were shut, and the windows were underwater and impossible to kick in. Chris Willden, who as a bodyguard had been __10__ to fire a gun underwater, told Andersen he was going to shoot out the gun underwater, told Andersen he was going to shoot out the window. Andersen didn’t __11__， so Willden put the handgun he always carried into the river, carefully put the muzzle (枪口) toward the window, and fired. The glass was broken.
Willden reached in and pulled the children out through the broken window. Everyone erupted in cheers. “That was a huge __12__ for me，” said Andersen.
1.A.higher
B．faster
C．lower
D．slower
2．A.spot
B．corner
C．highway
D．pavement
3．A.sliding
B．stopping
C．crashing
D．striking
4．A.flew over
B．ran over
C．fell into
D．looked into
5．A.exciting
B．frightening
C．interesting
D．disappointing
6．A.clear
B．warm
C．invisible
D．freezing
7．A.silence
B．doubt
C．darkness
D．bottom
8．A.walked
B．swam
C．dove
D．broke
9．A.rejecting
B．running
C．screaming
D．assisting
10．A.trained
B．prepared
C．treated
D．protected
11．A.awake
B．approve
C．agree
D．object
12．A.relief
B．bitterness
C．happiness
D．regretⅢ.语法填空
(2024·湖南高考命题研究专家原创卷)Although the US and the UK are both English－speaking countries, cultural differences can create communication difficulties. If you’re meeting business partners or new people during your travels, you 1.____________ as well adjust the topics 2.____________ you are used to chatting about. Small talks in the US and the UK are very different, and finding common ground can prove difficult if you don’t do a little preparation 3.____________ advance. In the UK people are 4.____________ engaged in world news and other global concerns than Americans are. Americans tend to be more focused 5.____________ the situation at home, and are more interested in sports news. Americans also like to discuss their families and compare notes on mutual (相互的) acquaintances,6.____________ the British might be more reserved in that area.
7．____________ you’re planning a trip across the Atlantic, it’s 8.____________ good idea to understand the culture differences. As with any cultural divide, the key to effective interaction is understanding.
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
(2024·湖南六校高三联考)Getting sick overseas can be scary.You’re in an unfamiliar place and often don’t speak the language.Although each trip is different，there are universal things you can do to keep safe.
Be prepared.“Schedule a visit with a doctor who specializes in travel or the area you’re visiting at least four weeks before your departure，”says WHO public health expert Dr.Gilles Poumerol.A travel doctor will be able to give you the required and recommended vaccinations(接种疫苗) as well as discuss any medical issues you may come across abroad.
Get insurance.“In many countries where you have limited access to health care，good health care is only found in the private sector and can be very expensive，”Dr.Poumerol says.Plus，in an emergency，returning to the United States can cost more than $50,000.Ask your health insurance company whether your policy applies overseas and whether it will cover trips to a foreign hospital.If not，there are many companies that offer short－term travel health insurance for a reasonable fee.A list can be found on the US State Department’s travel website.
Pack well.Dr.Poumerol also suggests bringing a note from your doctor in English and the language of the country you’re visiting. Packing an emergency contact list is important.Contacts should include the local embassy(使馆)，relatives who should be informed if you get sick and your health insurance company.
Be care.You have to be in charge of your health.If you’re being treated abroad，question the medical staff about their sterilization (杀菌) practices; injection (注射) equipment should be put in boiling water for at least 30 minutes or used only once.Also be sure that doctors and nurses are wearing gloves to prevent fluid transfer.Limiting your alcohol intake will keep you focused on your safety.If your common sense is perfect，the rest of your body should follow.
1．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．You must receive some vaccinations after going abroad.
B．Alcohol intake will keep you focused on your safety.
C．You should employ a travel doctor who travels with you.
D．It’s a terrible thing to get sick in a strange country.
2．According to the passage，you can visit the US State Department’s travel website to find ________.
A．which companies offer short－term travel health insurance
B．how to get back to the United States when you are ill
C．whether your policy applies overseas or not
D．good health care which cover trips
3．Dr.Poumerol suggests bringing a note that ________.
A．records your life story abroad
B．shows all your health and safety requirements
C．was written in English and the local language
D．was bought in the country you’re visiting
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Health care provided abroad can be unreliable.
B．You shouldn’t eat much when you stay abroad.
C．Injection equipment should be used only once.
D．You have to treat yourself when you are ill.
5．What is the best title for this passage?
A．How to Get Insurance Abroad
B．Tips for Keeping Safe Overseas
C．Get Ready for Your Trip
D．Avoid Dangerous Travels
B
(2024·广东肇庆高中毕业模拟考试)Attempts to understand the relationship between social behavior and health have their origin in history.Dubos (1969) suggested that primitive(原始的)humans were closer to the animals because they，too，relied upon their instincts to stay healthy.Yet some primitive humans recognized a cause and effect relationship between doing certain things and alleviating(减轻)symptoms of a disease or improving the condition of a wound.Since there was so much that primitive humans did not understand about the functioning of the body，magic became an integral component of the beliefs about the causes and cures of health disorders.So it is not surprising that early humans thought that illness was caused by evil spirits. Primitive medicines made from vegetables or animals were invariably used in combination with some form of ritual (礼仪) to drive harmful spirits away from a diseased body.
One of the earliest attempts in the Western world to formulate principles of health care based upon rational thought and rejection of supernatural phenomena is found in the work of the Greek physician Hippocrates. Little is known of Hippocrates who lived around 400 B．C.，not even whether he actually authored the collection of books that bears his name.Nevertheless，the writings attributed to him have provided a number of principles underlying modern medical practice.One of his most famous contributions，the Hippocratic Oath，is the foundation of contemporary medical ethics(道德)．Among other things，it requires a physician to swear that he or she will help the sick，keep oneself from intentional wrong－doing or harm，and keep secret all matters to keep the doctor－patient relationship.
Hippocrates also argued that medical knowledge should be derived(源自于) from an understanding of the natural sciences and the logic of cause and effect relationships.In this classic thesis，On Airs，Waters，and Places，Hippocrates pointed out that human－being is influenced by the totality of environmental factors：living habits or lifestyle，climate，geography of the land，and the quality of air and food.Interesting enough，concerns about our health and the quality of air，water，and places are still very much written in the twentieth century.
6．The topic of the first paragraph is summarized in ________.
A．the first sentence of the paragraph
B．the second sentence of the paragraph
C．the third sentence of the paragraph
D．the last sentence of the paragraph
7．Why did primitive humans rely on magic in their beliefs about the causes and cures of diseases?
A．Because magic was an inseparable part of their life.
B．Because they had little knowledge about the functioning of the body.
C．Because the diseases were caused by the evil spirits.
D．Because magic must be used in going through the rituals to drive out the evil spirits.
8．Considering Hippocrates’ background，we can see from the second paragraph that ________.
A．he was the forefather of modern medicine
B．experts are sure that the books bearing his name were not written by him
C．he had a rational mind aided by supernatural instincts
D．experts do not know much about him except when and where he lived
9．All of the following are included in the Hippocratic Oath EXCEPT________.
A．helping patients
B．keeping oneself from harming patients
C．keeping secret all matters to maintain a good relationship with the patients
D．obeying rules for modern medicine practice
10．Which of the following best expressed the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Doctor’s concerns remain unchanged.
B．Medicine comes from nature.
C．Environment affects health.
D．Climate determines lifestyle.
Ⅴ.阅读填空
(2024·岳阳一中高三月考)Every person needs energy to go about the day and continue to function correctly.To get this energy，you eat，and your body changes the food into the nutrients and energy you need to survive.Your metabolism (新陈代谢) is directly related to how quickly and efficiently your body creates this energy，and if it takes too long，the food gets stored as fat.A slow metabolism will leave you with less energy and more weight than you probably desire.
Your basal metabolic rate (基础代谢率) is the amount of energy your body consumes while you’re resting.When people say they have a slow metabolism，they mean they have a slow basal metabolic rate.Increasing this number is possible through exercise and muscle building.
According to Metabolism－Advice.com，as your age，your basal metabolic rate will lower as your body begins to deteriorate (衰退)．At the age of 30，your body will stop producing the high levels of growth hormone it previously produces.Your body senses that it’s done growing at 30，so it uses the resources elsewhere.Unfortunately，that means that your muscle will deteriorate more rapidly than before.While you can’t block age’s effects or your metabolism，you can fight against it with regular exercise that builds muscle.
