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Module 5
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·南昌高三十校二模)
While most of us are happy to take the credit when things go well, few of us are willing to take the blame when things go wrong. Rather than trying to hide our shame or embarrassment, experts found that we are simply less aware when our actions result in a negative outcome.
The research may explain why we often feel it hard to take the blame for our actions. “Our result suggests that people may really experience less responsibility for negative than for positive outcomes，” said Patrick Haggard, leading researcher and professor of the institute of Cognitive Neuroscience at University College London.
In a series of tests, participants were asked to press a key. A sound then followed, either disapproving, neutral or approving, and they were then asked to estimate the time between the action and when they had heard the sound.
Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes. They also discovered they were significantly slower to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence, compared to when they had done well.
“Effectively, we have found that we experience a negative outcome differently, not just retell it differently. We make a weaker connection when there is a bad result. And respond much more strongly when something good happens，” said Professor Haggard. When something goes right, everyone wants to take the credit, and when things go wrong, nobody is interested in putting their hands up.
The researchers say our brain is “very much concerned” with reward, as good results are key to survival. Although our own perception (认知) of whether we are guilty of something or not is changed by the outcomes, this does not provide a defense if we have done something wrong. “Our experience of our own responsibilities can be misleading and can be strongly colored by the outcomes of our actions，” said Professor Haggard. “We have to take responsibility for what we actually do, not just for how we experience things.”
语篇解读：本文一篇研究报告，讲述的是人们在事情进展顺利时承担责任而在事情变得更加糟糕时不愿意接受责备，研究者以研究结果来给人们进行了分析。
1．People who don't take the blame for their actions ________.
A．always try to hide their shame or embarrassment.
B．are only willing to take the credit when things go well
C．feel less responsible for negative than for positive outcomes
D．are less aware of what to do when a negative outcome happens
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第二段提到“Our result suggests that people may really experience less responsibility for negative than for positive outcome”可知我们的结果显示人们对于积极的结果比负面的结果更为负责，故选C项。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Our level of responsibility can be strongly affected by the outcomes of our actions.
B．When something bad happens, nobody is interested in dealing with the problem.
C．People were quicker to recognize if their actions had resulted in a bad consequence.
D．Participants were asked to count the time between pressing a key and hearing the sound.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四段提到“Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes”研究发现个体所能承受的责任度取决于结果，故选A项。
3．How is the passage developed?
A．By giving examples. B．By quoting research findings.
C．By making comparison. D．By providing data.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段提到“The research may explain why we often feel it hard to take the blame for our actions”和第四段提到“Researchers found that individuals experienced different levels of responsibility depending on the outcomes”可知文章是引用研究结果来进行叙述的，故选B项。
4．According to the passage, a person who is concerned with reward is ________.
A．awkwardB．natural
C．absurd D．stubborn
答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段提到“The researchers say our brain is “very much concerned” with reward, as good results are key to survival”研究表明我们的大脑会更关心回报，这是因为结果是幸存的关键，故选B项。
B
(2024·西安高三八校联考)
When times get tough, we all look for ways to cut back. When we're hungry, we eat at home instead of going out. We take buses instead of taxis. And we wear our old designer jeans just a few months longer. With college expenses at all－time highs, high school students are eager to do anything to cut the cost of a university education.
One cost－cutting proposal is to allow college students to get a bachelor' s degree in three years instead of four. Educational institutions have been actively exploring ways to make the learning process more efficient. But there's a question: Would the quality of undergraduate(本科生)education suffer? Few US universities have formally approved a “three－year degree” model.
I doubt that mainstream North American colleges will carry out a three－year curriculum(课程) any time soon. For one thing, most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(学分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits. Professors will resist “diluting(稀释)” the quality of the education they offer.
In my opinion, a quality four－year education is always superior to a quality three－year education. A college education requires sufficient time for a student to become skilled in their major and do coursework in fields outside their major. It is not a good idea to water down education, any more than it' s not a good idea to water down medicine. If we want to help students find their way through university, we should help them understand early on what knowledge and skills they need to have upon graduation. We should allow students to test out of as many courses as possible. We should give them a chance to earn money as interns(实习生)in meaningful part－time jobs that relate to their university studies, such as the five－year co－op program at Northeastern University.
语篇解读：本文是议论文阅读。作者主要论述了大学教育的“速成”问题和大学资格的问题，作者认为知识和技能需要时间去消化和提高，所以他不赞成大学教育的速成。
5．The first paragraph serves as a(n)________．
A．explanationB．comment
C．definition D．introduction
答案：D 推理判断题。A“解释”；B“评论”；C“定义”；D“介绍”。通读第一、二段可推断第一段是介绍，引出主题。故选D。
6．In most US universities, ________.
A．college students are offered the co－op program
B．electives' credits make up one quarter of the required credits
C．all students are required to finish four－year education before graduation
D．some excellent students can graduate ahead of time
答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“most universities already allow highly qualified students to graduate early by testing out of certain classes and obtaining a number of college credits(学分). In addition, at famous universities, the committee who determine which courses are required and which courses are electives are unlikely to suddenly “throw out” one quarter of the required credits”可知美国的著名大学允许优秀的学生提前毕业。故选D。
7．According to the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．the author is a professor of a famous university
B．the author thinks the cost of a university education is too high for people to afford
C．the author considers the university education quality very important
D．the author pays special attention to the all－round development of college students
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知作者认为大学的资格教育很重要。故选C。
8．Which of the following can be the best title?
A．It' s time to shorten the learning process
B．Best learning takes place over time
C．University education should be watered down
D．College education calls for reform
答案：B 主旨大意题。A“到了缩短学习程序的时候了”；B“最好的学习需要时间保证”；C“大学教育需要稀释”；D“大学教育需要改革”。通读全文，并根据文章的最后一段可知作者认为大学的知识和技能需要时间的“发酵”。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2024·山西省高三第三次四校联考)
It's normal to wake briefly during the night. __1__ But if you're waking up during the night and having trouble falling back asleep, the following tips may help.
Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position. Hard as it may be, try not to stress over the fact that you're awake, because that very stress and anxiety encourage your body to stay awake. __2__
__3__ If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization(想象), or deep breathing, which can be done without even getting out of bed. Remind yourself that although they're not a replacement for sleep, rest and relaxation still help refresh your body.
Do a quiet, non－stimulating activity. If you've been awake for more than 15 minutes, try getting out of bed and doing a quiet, non－stimulating activity, such as reading a book. Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up. __4__
A light snack might relax you, but be careful not to eat so much that your body begins to expect a meal at that time of the day.
__5__ If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and delay worrying about it until the next day when you are fresh and it will be easier to resolve.
A．Make relaxation your goal, not sleep.
B．Put off worries and troubles.
C．Use a flashlight to go to the bathroom at night.
D．In fact, a good sleeper won't even remember it.
E．Also avoid screens of any kind—computers, TVs, cell phones, iPads.
F．You'll be much more productive and creative after a good night's rest.
G．A good way to stay out of your head is to focus on the feeling in your body.
语篇解读：本文介绍睡眠过程中会突然醒过来，如果长时间睡不着可以采取的一些措施。
1．D 根据前面的句子：It's normal to wake briefly during the night.晚上偶尔醒了是正常的，可知有的睡眠好的人甚至不记得了，故选D。
2．G 根据本段首句：Stay out of your head. The key to getting back to sleep is continuing to prepare your body for sleep, so remain in bed in a relaxed position.可知要想重新入睡最好的办法是专注于身体的感受，故选G。
3．A 根据后面的句子：If you are finding it hard to fall back asleep, try a relaxation technique such as visualization, 可知要尽量放松，故选A。
4．E 根据前面的句子：Keep the lights dim so as not to think that it's time to wake up.可知一切有屏幕的东西都要避免，故选E。
5．B 根据前面的句子：If you wake during the night feeling anxious about something, make a brief note of it on paper and postpone worrying about it until the next day 可知是把担心推迟到第二天，故选B。
Ⅳ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, __1__ biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic __2__(discuss) by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two __3__(kill). And to date, doctors have not found __4__ effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology __5__(apply) , not only these two diseases can be cured completely, __6__(bring) happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spent on curing their diseases can be saved, so __7__ benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命) can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial(皇室) family being a good example, have hereditary diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, __8__ is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases, __9__ gene technology can solve this problem __10__(perfect). The scientist just needs to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：
1．or 考查连词。句意：在所有增长的科技中，对于基因的研究或生物工程，越来越吸引人们的注意力。
2．discussed 考查非谓语动词。句意：有时这是个被人们讨论的热门话题 。discussed分词做后置定语，与topic之间是被动关系。
3．killers 考查名词。句意：每年有两大杀手。根据第二段第一句话提到“The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease”癌症和心脏病是两大杀手。
4．an/any 考查冠词。句意：到目前为止，医生还没有发现一个有效的方法来治愈。
5．is applied 考查动词的语态。句意：如果基因技术被应用，这两大疾病就能治愈。
6．bringing 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果基因技术被应用，这两大疾病就能治愈，会给病人带来幸福。
7．it 考查代词。句意：因此它也能使经济受益。it代指基因技术被应用。
8．which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这就意味着他们的孩子有遗传病，对于许多家庭来说这是个大的麻烦。
9．but 考查连词。句意：过去人们对遗传性疾病束手无策，而基因技术能够解决这个问题。
10．perfectly 考查副词。句意：而基因技术能够很好地解决这个问题。
Ⅳ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school. Disappointing as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly－equipped classroom, I found the teachers patiently and considerate. Besides, I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in class. I decided make the best of it. I worked hard and get along well with my teachers and classmates. Whenever I had difficulties, they were always available. Soon, I became one of the top student in my class, and which greatly increased my confidence and got him motivated.
My experience tell me that it is not what you are given but how you make use for it that determines who you are.
