2024届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 5 The power of nature（新人教版选修6）

雕龙文库 2024-04-02 14:28:33

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　　Unit 5 The power of nature

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　Old Faithful is a geyser(喷泉) located in Wyoming, in Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Old Faithful was named in 1870 during the WashburnLangfordDoane Expedition and was the first geyser in the park to receive a name. The geyser, as well as the nearby Old Faithful Inn, is part of the Old Faithful Historic District.

　　On the afternoon of September 18, 1870, members of the WashburnLangfordDoane Expedition traveled down the Firehole River from the Kepler Cascades(瀑布) and entered the Upper Geyser Basin. The first geyser they saw was Old Faithful. In his book of the expedition, Nathaniel P. Langford wrote：

　　Judge, then, what must have been our astonishment, as we entered the basin at midafternoon of our second day's travel, to see in the clear sunlight, at no great distance, a volume of clear, sparkling water projected into the air to the height of one hundred and twentyfive feet. “Geysers! Geysers！” cried one of our members, and, we soon gathered around this wonderful phenomenon. It was indeed a perfect geyser...We gave it the name of “Old Faithful”．

　　In the early days of the park, Old Faithful was often used as a laundry. Clothes placed in the geyser were ejected then completely washed when the eruption took place. It's been found that linen and cotton cloth was uninjured by the action of the water, but woolen clothes were torn to pieces.

　　Eruptions can shoot 3, 700 to 8, 400 US gallons of boiling water to a height of 106 to 185 feet (32 to 56 m) lasting from 1.5 to 5 minutes. The average height of an eruption is 145 feet(44 m). The highest recorded eruption was 185 feet(56 m) high. Intervals(间隔) between eruptions can range from 45 to 125 minutes, averaging 66.5 minutes in 1939, slowly increasing to an average of 92 minutes today.

　　文章大意：本文是说明文。文章介绍的是美国黄石国家公园的老忠实间歇喷泉。

　　1．When people on the WashburnLangfordDoane Expedition saw Old Faithful, they ________.

　　A．were frightened B．decided to end their travel

　　C．were excitedD．took some photos in front of it

　　答案：C　推理判断题。由Nathaniel P．Langford在书中的描述可知，他们感到惊奇，发出惊呼，并且使用了wonderful, perfect这样的词语，由此可知他们心情兴奋。

　　2．In the 19th century, some visitors ________.

　　A．discovered more geysers in Yellowstone National Park

　　B．put their clothes in Old Faithful

　　C．hated to stay at Old Faithful Inn

　　D．bathed in Old Faithful

　　答案：B　细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，在老忠实间歇喷泉被发现的早期，人们通常把它作为一个洗衣场所。

　　3．Compared to 1930s, today tourists have ________.

　　A．less chances to enjoy the eruptions of Old Faithful in a day

　　B．more chances to enjoy the eruptions of Old Faithful in a day

　　C．better chances to see Old Faithful erupt higher

　　D．better chances to see Old Faithful project hotter water

　　答案：A　细节理解题。由最后一段可知，老忠实间歇喷泉喷发的间隔时间从66.5分钟延长到了92分钟，所以一天之内喷发的次数应是减少了，A正确。

　　4．What's the passage mainly about?

　　A．The name origin of a geyser.

　　B．The discovery of a geyser.

　　C．A famous national park.

　　D．A famous geyser.

　　答案：D　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍的是美国黄石国家公园的老忠实间歇喷泉的一些基本情况，如地理位置、其名称的由来、被发现的历史及喷发情况等，故D正确。

　　.完形填空

　　(2024·长春市质监三)

　　Don't let Aurora's small stature(身材)fool you—her spirit is strong. She is one of 140 chickens __1__ from a farm. When we saved her, she was tiny and sick and it seemed __2__ that she would survive. Having never got the right __3__， many of the chickens were sick and some __4__ died.

　　At a young age, Aurora and her sisters and brothers were __5__ by their mom. Luckily, another mother __6__ their care. Aurora seemed the last to __7__ food and attention. She grew at a much slower __8__ than her brothers and sisters. Everything seemed __9__ her.

　　At the young age of seven months, Aurora had lost two moms and was __10__ to find a place with the other chickens.

　　Aurora __11__ found comfort with an old chicken named Margaret, staying under her wings during the cold nights, __12__ Margaret was so old that a few months later she died. Aurora, in her own way, thinks of Margaret. Every evening, you will find her in the __13__ spot where she kept Margaret company. __14__ when the other chickens try to __15__ her away, Aurora comes back.

　　As Aurora grew, we became __16__ at her love to simply live. Nothing __17__ her.

　　So remember, when life seems so __18__ that you can't take it, think of Aurora. She has lost two moms, watched her sisters and brothers die, and __19__ from serious illnesses. Yet she enjoys the small, sweet __20__ life has offered—safety, food, warmth and good friendships.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，描述了一只为了生存与各种困难顽强抗争的小鸡的故事。

　　1．A.raisedB．purchased

　　C．rescued

　　D．collected

　　答案：C　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。raised举起； purchased购买； rescued拯救； collected收集。下文中提到when we saved her，可以判断出本空是rescued。

　　2．A.hopeful

　　B．proper

　　C．possible

　　D．unlikely

　　答案：D　本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。hopeful有希望的； proper合适的；possible可能的； unlikely不可能的。语意：前一个句子告知小鸡生病还很弱小，所以似乎活不了。故选D。

　　3．A.touch

　　B．care

　　C．gift

　　D．partner

　　答案：B　本空考查名词基本含义的辨析。touch触及；care关心；gift礼物；partner同伴。语意：因为没有得到适当的照顾，很多小鸡才会生病甚至死亡。故选B。

　　4．A.sadly

　　B．angrily

　　C．coldly

　　D．calmly

　　答案：A　本空考查副词基本含义的辨析。sadly悲伤地；angrily生气地；coldly冷淡地；calmly平静地。许多小鸡生病还有一些悲伤地死亡。故选A。

　　5．A.punished

　　B．refused

　　C．abandoned

　　D．scolded

　　答案：C　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。punished惩罚；refused拒绝；abandoned遗弃；scolded责备。下文Aurora had lost two moms，可以推断第一个遗弃了他们。故选C。

　　6．A.took on

　　B．put forward

　　C．looked after

　　D．brought about

　　答案：A　本空考查动词短语基本含义的辨析。took on呈现，接管；put forward提出；looked after照顾；brought about带来。take on意思是agree to do or be responsible for, 译为“接管”。故选A。

　　7．A.get

　　B．eat

　　C．draw

　　D．offer

　　答案：A　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。get得到；eat吃；draw画画；offer提供。只有get可以与food and attention 搭配，表示“得到”。故选A。

　　8．A.cost

　　B．rate

　　C．standard

　　D．value

　　答案：B　本空考查名词基本含义的辨析。cost成本，费用；rate速度；standard水平；value价值。本文第一句提到small stature以及上一句提到的last to get food and attention可以判断Aurora生长的速度慢于她的兄弟姐妹，所以身材瘦小。故选B。

　　9．A.for

　　B．around

　　C．about

　　D．against

　　答案：D　本空考查介词基本含义的辨析。for为了；around周围；about关于；against反对。语意：本句是整段的总结，Aurora的生活总是不如意，似乎一切都在和她作对。故选D。

　　10．A.arranging

　　B．choosing

　　C．struggling

　　D．affording

　　答案：C　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。arranging安排；choosing选择； struggling挣扎；affording付得起钱。Aurora先后失去了两个妈妈，所以她需要想尽办法找到栖身之处。故选struggling。故选C。

　　11．A.lately

　　B．eventually

　　C．constantly

　　D．frequently

　　答案：B　本空考查副词基本含义的辨析。lately最近；eventually最后，终于；constantly不断地； frequently频繁地。与上一段相呼应，在她不断的寻找后，终于找到安身之处。故选B。

　　12．A.unless

　　B．so

　　C．because

　　D．but

　　答案：D　本空考查连词基本含义的辨析。unless除非；so所以；because因为；but但是。虽然找到了安身之处，可是Margaret还是因为年老而死去了，表明Aurora又一次失去了依靠。故选D。

　　13．A.same

　　B．relevant

　　C．similar

　　D．normal

　　答案：A　本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。same同样的；relevant情愿的；similar类似的；normal正常的。Aurora每天都去老地方陪伴Margaret，用same表示她的执着。故选A。

　　14．A.Still

　　B．Thus

　　C．Even

　　D．Yet

　　答案：C　本空考查副词基本含义的辨析。Still仍；Thus这样；Even甚至；Yet还。联系上一句中的same spot，进一步描述Aurora陪伴Margaret的坚定信念，即使别的小鸡来赶走她，她也会再回来。故选C。

　　15．A.clear

　　B．put

　　C．turn

　　D．push

　　答案：D　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。clear清除； put放； turn转变； push推。根据上题分析，故选D。

　　16．A.nervous

　　B．amazed

　　C．excited

　　D．disappointed

　　答案：B　本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。nervous紧张的； amazed感到惊奇的； excited感到兴奋的； disappointed感到失望的。我们为Aurora生存的意志力之强而感到惊讶。故选B。

　　17．A.helped

　　B．attracted

　　C．impressed

　　D．stopped

　　答案：D　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。helped帮助；attracted吸引；impressed给……印象； stopped停止。因为这种love，使得Aurora不能被打败。什么也不能让她停下来。故选D。

　　18．A.tough

　　B．different

　　C．smooth

　　D．boring

　　答案：A　本空考查形容词基本含义的辨析。tough艰苦的；different不同的；smooth顺利的；boring令人心烦的。综合上文，生活对于Aurora一直是艰难的，所以当我们的生活遇到困难时，我们可以想想她的遭遇，从而选择坚强。故选A。

　　19．A.waked

　　B．made

　　C．recovered

　　D．learned

　　答案：C　本空考查动词基本含义的辨析。waked醒，叫醒；made制作；recovered康复；learned学会。本句话的三个并列谓语都是Aurora的经历，所以选择recovered 与from illnesses搭配得当。故选C。

　　20．A.chances

　　B．pleasures

　　C．dreams

　　D．services

　　答案：B　本空考查名词基本含义的辨析。chances机会；pleasures高兴，快乐；dreams梦想；services服务。语意：尽管尝尽生活的各种艰辛，Aurora却依然得到了生活给予她的小小快乐，即后面所说的safety, food, warmth and good friendships。故选B。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2024·石家庄市二模)

　　On receiving my learner's permit a couple of months ago, I started driving lessons straight away. However, it wasn't until two days ago __1__ Dad finally allowed me to drive on the motorway. Our destination was Orewa, __2__ seaside town.

　　That morning I made sure I had enough to drink and went to the toilet about three times __3__ we left. I thought I was totally prepared __4__ the journey, but nothing could have prepared me for my family's complaints.

　　“Relax! Don't hold the steering wheel so __5__(tight)．” called a nervous voice from the backseat.

　　“Speed up. 70 km/h isn't fast enough. You are holding up the traffic.” another voice ordered from the seat next to __6__.

　　How __7__(annoy)! To content them, I __8__(step) hard on the accelerator, and within a second, an angry voice began to yell again.

　　“Stop! Slow down! Are you crazy? Did I tell you to go above 100km/h？”

　　Finally I drove into the city, where the speed limit was only 50km/h.

　　My family seemed relieved and stopped __9__(tell) me what to do. On our way home, the journey was much __10__(easy) than before as everyone else fell fast asleep. So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍作者刚拿到驾照后，和家人在高速公路上开车的情形。

　　1．命题立意：考查强调句型。

　　答案：that　句意：直到两天之前，最终爸爸才让我在高速公路上开车。It is＋时间＋that引导强调句，故填that。

　　2．命题立意：考查冠词的用法。

　　答案：a　句意：我们的目的地就是奥雷瓦，海边的一个小城镇。town是可数名词，故填a。

　　3．命题立意：考查连词的用法。

　　答案：before　句意：那天上午，在我们离开之前，我确保有足够的饮料，并且去厕所大约去了三次。根据前后动作发生的先后次序，可知答案是before。

　　4．命题立意：考查介词的用法。

　　答案：for　句意：我认为我为旅行做了充分的准备。prepare...for...为．.....做准备。故填for。

　　5．命题立意：考查副词的用法。