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A组 2024～2024年各省市高考题（改编）
考点一 主旨大意与写作意图题
Passage 1 (2024·全国)
话题：沉默的解读
词数：329
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care－givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
1．What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A．It implies anger.
B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culture－specific.
D．It is content－based.
2．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A．The Chinese.
B．The French.
C．The Mexicans.
D．The Russians.
3．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold
Passage 2 (2024·全国)
话题：图书分享活动
词数：250
Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it．
Bruce Peterson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E－mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟)．The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty－five countries.
★1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A．To explain what they are.
B．To introduce BookCrossing.
C．To stress the importance of reading.
D．To encourage readers to share their ideas.
2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The book.
B．An adventure.
C．A public place.
D．The identification number.
3．What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A．Meet other readers to discuss it.
B．Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C．Pass it on to another reader.
D．Mail it back to its owner.
★4.What is the best title for the text?
A．Online Reading: A Virtual Tour
B．Electronic Books: A new Trend
C．A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
D．A Website Links People through Books
Passage 3 (2024·全国)
话题：苹果节
词数：277
If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see whats around.It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month.The day itself is on October 21, but since it has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.
Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.Although it doesn?t taste of anything special, it?s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cats Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.
There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions.One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it?s a__pipe__dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.
At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple－themed fun and games.
Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit，including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园)．If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale，near Faversham in Kent.
1．What can people do at the apple events?
A．Attend experts’ lectures.
B．Visit fruit－loving families.
C．Plant fruit trees in an orchard.
D．Taste many kinds of apples.
2．What can we learn about Decio?
A．It is a new variety.
B．It has a strange look.
C．It is rarely seen now.
D．It has a special taste.
3．What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．A practical idea.
B．A vain hope.
C．A brilliant plan.
D．A selfish desire.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To show how to grow apples.
B．To introduce an apple festival.
C．To help people select apples.
D．To promote apple research.
Passage 4(2024·全国)
话题：好消息传播快
词数：338
Bad news sells.If it bleeds, it leads.No news is good news, and good news is no news.Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers.But now that information is being spread and monitored(监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.By tracking people’s e－mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.
“The if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media，” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania.“They want your eyeballs and dont care how you’re feeling.But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react.You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”
Researchers analyzing word－of－mouth communication—e－mails，Web posts and reviews, face－to－face conversations—found that it tended to be more positive than negative(消极的), but that didnt necessarily mean people preferred positive news.Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? To test for that possibility, Dr.Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website.He and a Penn colleague analyzed the “most e－mailed” list for six months.One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non－science articles.He found that science amazed Times readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others.
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad.They needed to be aroused(激发) one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad.The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr.Berger explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”
1．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to?
A．News reports.
B．Research papers.
C．Private e－mails.
D．Daily conversations.
2．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer?
A．Theyre socially inactive.
B．Theyre good at telling stories.
C．Theyre inconsiderate of others.
D．Theyre careful with their words.
3．Which tended to be the most e－mailed according to Dr.Bergers research?
A．Sports news.
B．Science articles.
C．Personal accounts.
D．Financial reviews.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Sad Stories Travel Far Wide.
B．Online News Attracts More People.
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times.
D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks.
Passage (2024·新课标全国)
话题：房间与身材
词数：316
Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when they're in poorly lit places－and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn't have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint，go blue.
Don't forget the clock－or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we'll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.
1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about________.
A．their home comforts
B．their body shape
C．house buying
D．healthy diets
2．A home environment in blue can help people________.
A．digest food better
B．reduce food intake
C．burn more calories
D．regain their appetites
3．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A．Eat quickly.
B．Play fast music.
C．Use smaller spoons.
D．Turn down the lights.
★4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Is Your House Making You Fat?
B．Ways of Serving Dinner
C．Effects of SelfConsciousness
D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
Passage (2024·安徽)
话题：家庭团结
词数：304
When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Danny's mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.
Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”
Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans' corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.
1．Helene tied several chopsticks together to show________.
A．the strength of family unity
B．the difficulty of growing up
C．the advantage of chopsticks
D．the best way of giving a lesson
2．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family________________.
A．started a business in 1975
B．left Vietnam without much money
C．bought a restaurant in San Francisco
D．opened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles
3．What can we infer about the An daughters?
