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１.【2024·浙江】完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-40各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D)
中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford. I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives(高级管理人员) with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now
21
on their way to impressive careers. By society’s
22
, they seem to have it made.
On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a
23
drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with Longtime roommates, and
24
out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine
25
a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old car with expensive new sports cars.
The thing is, a number of them have
26
that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some
27
of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they
28
. Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and
29 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the
30
to which they have so quickly become
31 .
People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and
32
the end the idea of leaving, their jobs to work for something they
33
or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion; it’ s
34
. They have loans, bills, a mortgage（抵押贷款）to
35
, retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something
36
in their lives, but it’s
37
to step off the track.
In a society that tends to
38
everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn form a young age to consider the costs of our
39
in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs
40
in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of us tend to ignore — and the very ones we need to consider most.
21.
A. much
B. never
C. seldom
D. well
22.
A. policies
B. standards
C. experiments
D. regulations
23.
A. last
B. least
C. second
D. best
24.
A. cycled
B. moved
C. slid
D. looked
25.
A. shared
B. paid
C. equaled
D. collected
26.
A. advertised
B. witnessed
C. admitted
D. demanded
27.
A. complain
B. dream
C. hear
D. approve
28.
A. distribute
B. hate
C. applaud
D. neglect
29.
A. calm
B. guilty
C. warm
D. empty
30.
A. family
B. government
C. lifestyle
D. project
31.
A. accustomed
B. appointed
C. unique
D. available
32.
A. yet
B. also
C. instead
D. rather
33.
A. let out
B. turn in
C. give up
D. believe in
34.
A. fundamental
B. practical
C. impossible
D. unforgettable
35.
A. take of
B. drop off
C. put off
D. pay off
36. A. missing
B. inspiring
C. sinking
D. shining
37. A. harmful
B. hard
C. useful
D. normal
38. A. measure
B. suffer
C. digest
D. deliver
39. A. disasters
B. motivations
C. campaigns
D. decisions
40. A. assessed
B. involved
C. covered
D. reduced
28. B
考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. distribute意为分发，B. hate意为厌恶，C. applaud意为鼓掌，D. neglect意为忽略。根据上文的不开心和抱怨，不能得出答案是厌恶。
29. D
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. calm意为平静，B. guilty意为有罪的，C. warm意为温暖，D. empty意为空的，累的。根据前面的tired累不能得出答案。Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and
29 。意为有些人不尊重他们工作的公司，说累。
30. C
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. family意为家庭，B. government意为政府，C. lifestyle意为生活方式，D. project意为项目。前文提到很多都是生活，如学校生活，工作生活，结合语境不能得出答案是生活方式。
31. A
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. accustomed意为习惯的，B. appointed意为指定的，C. unique意为独一无二的，D. available意为可利用的。“However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the
30
to which they have so quickly become
31
. 意为“但是，不是全身心投入于工作，他们发现工作只是支持生活方式，而且慢慢他们已经对这种方式已经行习惯了。”
32. A
考查连词以及对语境的理解。A. yet意为但是，表转折，B. also
意为也，表递进，C. instead
意为代替，D. rather意为相反。此句是长难句。意为：人们总是说走一种满意的道路，但是最后，离开
37.B
考查形容词以及对语境的理解。A. harmful
意为有害的，B. hard
意为困难的，C. useful意为有用的，D. normal意为正常的。句意是为他们意识到，在生活中失去了一些什么，但是他们却很难离开这个轨迹。
38.A
考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. measure 意为衡量，B. suffer意为遭受，C. digest意为消化，D. deliver意为运送。句意为当前的社会，人们趋向于用钱来衡量measure所有的事情，我们在很小的时候就知道，应该考虑我们决定的经济代价。
39.D
考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. disasters 意为灾难，B. motivations意为动机，C. campaigns意为战役，D. decisions意为决定。句意为当前的社会，人们趋向于用钱来衡量所有的事情，我们在很小的时候就知道，应该考虑我们决定decisions的经济代价。
40.B
考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. assessed意为评估，B. involved意为涉及，C. covered意为覆盖，D. reduced意为减少。Involved in 意为参与。句意为：那么，在追求钱高于意义的情况下，我们的个人以及社会代价呢？
【考点定位】夹叙夹议的一篇文章
【名师点睛】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，没有生词，主要是考查上下文理解和单词理解。需要正确理解4个单词的选项，尤其要注意一些一词多义的地方。也要注意题目与题目直接的关系，如完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The
36
is that countries around the world have growing mountains of
37
because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we
38
a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to
39
an object than to spend time and money to repair it.
40
modern manufacturing (制造业) and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and
41 .
Another cause is our
42
of disposable (一次性的) products. As
43
people, we are always looking for
44
to save time and make our lives easier. Companies
45
thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also
46
to the problem. We are
47
buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that
48
is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we
49
useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the
50
of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To
51
the amount of rubbish and to protect the
52 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
53 , this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions
54
throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about
55 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
36. A. key
B. reason
C. project
D. problem
37. A. gifts
B. rubbish
C. debt
D. products
38. A. face
B. become
C. observe
D. change
39. A. hide
B. control
C. replace
D. withdraw
40. A. Thanks to B. As to
C. Except for
D. Regardless of
41. A. safe
B. funny
C. cheap
D. powerful
42. A. love
B. lack
C. prevention
D. division
43. A. sensitive B. kind
C. brave
D. busy
44. A. ways
B. places
C. jobs
D. friends
45. A. donate
B. receive
C. produce
D. preserve
46. A. adapts
B. returns
C. responds
D. contributes
47. A. tired of
B. addicted to
C. worried about D. ashamed for
48. A. newer
B. stronger
C. higher
D. larger
49. A. pick up
B. pay for
C. hold onto
D. throw away
50. A. advantages
B. purposes
C. functions
D. consequences
51. A. show
B. record
C. decrease
D. measure
52. A. technology
B. environment C. consumers
D. brands
53. A. However
B. Otherwise
C. Therefore
D. Meanwhile
54. A. by
B. in favour of
C. after
D. instead of
55. A. spending
B. collecting
C. repairing
D. advertising
49. D 考查动词短语。A捡起，学会，车接；B支付；C抓住，坚持；D扔掉。句意：人们扔掉自己的物品来为新的腾地方，故选D。
50. D 考查名词辨析。A有点，有利条件；B目的；C功能，作用；D后果。根据下句可知，这里指的是乱扔垃圾的后果，故选D。
51. C 考查动词辨析。A显示，展示；B记录；C减少；D测量。句意：越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾，故选C。
52. B 名词辨析。A技术；B环境；C消费者；D品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境，故选B。
53. A 考查副词辨析。A然而；B要不然；C因此；D同时。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用是远远不够的，故选A。
54. D 考查介词辨析。A通过；B支持；C在......之后；D代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修理我们的财物，而不是扔掉它们，故选D。
55. C 考查动词辨析。A花费，度过；B收集；C修理；D宣传。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度，根据下句“repairing...”可知答案，故选C。
【考点定位】社会类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本篇是一篇比较贴近生活的文章，讲的是一次性产品给环境造成的压力。文章还建议人们养成循环利用的习惯，一以此来减少垃圾的产生并减轻环境的压力。主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词的词义和辨析。做题时需要联系前后句和上下文进解题，还要注意固定搭配。
３.【2024·湖南】Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
It was a rainy morning and the children, mainly boys with various learning difficulties, refused to settle for the start of the lesson. As an inexperienced teacher, I tried every means to get them to be
36
, but in vain. my panic was rising and I could feel my heart beating wildly. This was the
37
of my job as a music teacher, I thought -- teaching was not for me. Then I had an idea. Hoping that no one would notice that I was
38
inside, I threw my voice as far as it would reach: "Put your heads on the desks and close your
