2024届高考英语一轮复习顶尖学案：选修7 Unit 21　Human Biology　人类生物学（北师大版）

雕龙文库 2024-04-03 19:50:20

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　　核心词汇

　　1．In times of prosperity money ____________(流通；发行)quickly.

　　2．I’ll ____________(交换)you three of mine for one of yours.

　　3．He wrote a very____________(有争议的)book but I think he’s since regretted it.

　　4．Those newspapers ____________(迎合)to the lowest tastes.

　　5．They ____________(延迟，延缓)sending an answer to the request.

　　核心词汇

　　6．It is ____________(不合理的)to go out in such terrible weather.

　　7．I cannot ____________(忍受)your bad manners.

　　8．Dr.Thomas was c____________for violating medical ethics.

　　9．I shall give up my claim，in ____________(屈从)to your wishes.

　　10．Drinking is p____________and the p____________against drunken driving will save many lives.

　　1．circulates　2.swap　3.controversial　4.cater　5.postponed　6.absurd　7.tolerate　8.condemned　9.submission　10.prohibited；prohibition

　　高频短语

　　1．________________

　　徒然；白费力气

　　2．________________

　　随便地；随意地

　　3．________________

　　不管多大代价；无论如何

　　4．________________

　　立刻；马上

　　5．________________

　　彻底消灭

　　6．________________

　　终止；消灭

　　7．________________

　　无论如何；至少

　　8．________________

　　推迟

　　9．________________

　　开始做

　　10．________________

　　教育；养育；呕吐；引述

　　11．________________

　　经历；通过

　　12．________________

　　通过(考试等)；完成

　　13．________________

　　聚焦；集中；对准

　　14．________________

　　长期地；永远地

　　15．________________

　　遗漏；遗忘；错过机会

　　1．in vain　2.at random　3.at all costs　4.straight away

　　5．wipe out　6.stop sth.in its tracks　7.at any rate

　　8．put off 　9.get down to 　10.bring up　11.go through

　　12．get through　13.focus on　14.for good(and all)

　　15．miss out

　　重点句式

　　1．Many contemporary amateur athletes________________world records________they________________the first Olympic Games.

　　许多当代的业余运动员如果参加了首届奥运会，他们会打破很多项世界纪录的。

　　2．Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all__________.

　　弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。

　　3．________is compulsory for winners____________but other participants are only tested____________.

　　获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。

　　4．The Olympic spirit－the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part ____________winning－has been violated by the desire to succeed ____________________.

　　人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

　　5．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu____________the most acute epidemic in history.

　　西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾

　　向为：该病似乎专门侵袭年轻力壮的人而非老年人，被认为是历史上最严重的流行病。

　　6．In Western Medicine，treatment is ________only________the part of the body that is ill.

　　在西方医药学里，治疗的重点放在身体的病灶部分。

　　7．________________________thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.

　　很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。

　　8．Traditional Chinese Medicine is finally getting the chance it ________to help create a healthier world.

　　传统中医终于获得了应有的机会来帮助创造一个更加健康的世界。

　　1．would have broken；if ；had taken part in　2.in vain 　3.It；to be tested；at random　4.rather than；at all costs　5.is believed to have been　6.focused；on　7.It seems a real pity that　8.deserves

　　知识详解

　　1 .abuse　vt.　滥用　n．　滥用；恶习

　　(回归课本P34)Taking these drugs is known as“doping”and although they enhance performance，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.

　　众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”，尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员招来日后生活中的严重的健康麻烦。

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①Laws have been passed to prevent government officials from abusing their power.通过立法防止官员滥用权力。

　　②They were so rude that they often abused each other in public.他们很粗鲁，经常在大庭广众之下彼此辱骂。

　　③What she did was an abuse of her position as manager.

　　她的所作所为是滥用经理职权。

　　1．It has been revealed that some government leaders________their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves.

　　A．employB．take

　　C．abuse

　　D．overlook

　　解析：选C。句意：一些政府领导被揭露滥用职权，非法为个人谋利。abuse 滥用，妄用(权力等)；(不当地)使用；employ 雇用，使用；take 拿，取；overlook 俯瞰，眺望；忽略。

　　2 .seek　vt. 寻求；追求；探求；探索

　　(回归课本P34)Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.

　　服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中存在的问题，而且是每个运动项目都存在的问题，体育运动员想在这些运动中取得超常的成绩而准备欺骗。

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①(2010年高考重庆卷)．..we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.

　　……对于仅存在于我们想象中或者在电脑屏幕上的东西，我们力图去理解并与之交流。

　　②We should constantly seek advice from the masses.

　　我们应当经常征求群众的意见。

　　③We should never seek for fame and position.

　　我们决不应该追求名誉和地位。

　　2．Early editions of Shakespeare’s plays are much________after by collectors.

　　A．run B．sought

　　C．charged

　　D．seized

　　解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意：搜集家们大量搜寻莎士比亚戏剧的早期版本。seek after寻找，搜寻，追求，探索。

　　3 .tolerate　vt. 容忍；忍受

　　(回归课本P34)The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.

　　由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式，所以体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①(朗文P1628)I won’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.

　　我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了。

　　②The plants are tolerant of frost.

　　这些植物耐霜。

　　3．用所给词的适当形式填空

　　(1)There was no________(tolerate)for anyone who broke ranks.

　　答案：tolerance

　　(2)I can’t tolerate________ ________(treat)as a child.

　　答案：being treated

　　4 .oppose　vt.　反对

　　(回归课本P34)Genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.

　　基因治疗是很有争议的，许多人反对对它做进一步研究。

　　归纳拓展

　　①200 attended，as opposed to 300 the previous year.

　　出席的有200人，而前一年是300人。

　　②Your evidence opposes the fact.

　　你的证据与事实相背。

　　③I’m strongly opposed to your suggestion.

　　我坚决反对你的建议。

　　例句探源

　　4．Looking from this hill，you may think the ________hill is higher.

　　A．contrary　B．opposite

　　C．objective

　　D．opposing

　　解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。根据句意，应该是对面的山，所以答案为B。contrary相反的；objective客观的；opposing对立的；对方的。

　　5 .contradict　vt.　与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳

　　(回归课本P34)However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.

　　然而，如果一代有强化基因的运动明星被造出来，这将有悖于整个运动精神。

　　归纳拓展

　　①(朗文P472)Your behaviour is in direct contradiction to the principles you claim to have.

　　你的行为和宣称的原则相违背。

　　②What he did contradicted what he said.

　　他言行不一(相矛盾)。

　　③The two statements contradict each other.

　　两种说法相互抵触。

　　例句探源

　　5．完成句子

　　The driver’s words were completely________ ________ ________________________(与事实不符)．

　　答案：in contradiction to the fact

　　6 .postpone　vt.　推迟；延期

　　(回归课本P37)Example 1 postpone

　　例1“阻止”

　　归纳拓展

　　①We’ll have to postpone the meeting until next week.

　　我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周举行。

　　②They decided to postpone building the new school.

　　他们决定延迟兴建新学校。

　　例句探源

　　易混辨析

　　postpone，delay，put off

　　三个词或词组后都不可以跟不定式。

　　(1)postpone是正式用语，语义较强，指有意识地延至将来某一特定时间，在多数情况下，后面说明何时进行。

　　(2)delay 指暂时阻挠或阻挡，稍后可再继续进行，后跟耽搁的原因。

　　(3)put off与postpone 大致同义，但较口语化。

　　①(牛津P1545)The game has already been postponed three times.

　　②(牛津P527)Commuters will face long delays on the roads today.

　　③He keeps putting_off going to visit his uncle.

　　6．翻译句子

　　(1)由于下雨我们推迟了比赛。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：We postponed the match because of rain.

　　(2)咱们在获取更多信息之后再做出决定也不迟。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：Let’s postpone making a decision until we have more information.

　　(3)由于双方队员的冲突，比赛被迫推迟半个小时。

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：The match was postponed for half an hour because of the conflict of players of the two sides.

　　7．It was an unpopular decision to postpone________the new school.

　　A．buildingB．to build

　　C．having built

　　D．to have built

　　解析：选A。考查postpone＋v.ing。postpone后跟动词用ing形式，build将要发生而非已发生，故用动名词的一般式。

　　7 .prohibit　vt. 　禁止；阻止

　　(回归课本P38)．..，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.

　　……，科学家们一直在做治疗实验以防止将来的再次爆发。

　　归纳拓展

　　【温馨提示】　prohibit表示政府权威机构发布的禁令所禁止的东西，而ban除了具有上述意义之外，还具有谴责的意义。

　　例句探源

　　①(2010年高考陕西卷)If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam，the problem will certainly get much worse.如果法律的制定者不尽快采取措施去禁止垃圾邮件，问题当然会更糟。

　　②We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.工作时间内我们不得喝酒。

　　③The price prohibited us from buying it.

　　这东西价钱太高，我们买不起。

　　8．I fear that a prior engagement will ________me from joining you at dinner.

　　A．disagreeB．prohibit

　　C．allow

　　D．permit

　　解析：选B。句意：我有约在先，恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。根据fear一词可以知道不能共进晚餐。A项搭配不对。

　　8 .decline　v．　下降；婉拒　n. 下降；减少

　　(回归课本P40)Even though doctors don’t fully understand comas and the process of recovery，it is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.

　　虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程，但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长，会降低他们恢复的可能性。

　　归纳拓展

　　decline to do sth. 婉拒做某事

　　in decline 下降

　　decline in/of sth.在某方面减少/下降

　　fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落；陷入衰退

　　例句探源

　　①(朗文P439)I offered to give them a lift but they declined.

　　我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。

　　②An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。

　　③Allen angrily declined to discuss the matter.

　　艾伦气愤地拒绝谈论此事。