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Ahead of his first official state visit to the U.S., Chinese President Xi Jinping provided written answers to questions submitted by The Wall Street Journal. Here is the full transcript:
中国国家主席习近平在启程对美国进行官方国事访问前接受了《华尔街日报》的书面采访，这是习近平就任国家主席以来首次对美进行国事访问。以下是书面采访全文：
1. Under your leadership, China has been active in promoting new economic and security arrangements. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, in particular, has been a notable achievement. Is China trying to rearrange the architecture of global governance, away from the U.S. and toward China?
《华尔街日报》：在您的领导下，中国在推动新的经济和安全安排方面表现得十分活跃，尤其是亚洲基础设施投资银行更是取得明显进展。中国是否正在有意将此前以美国为主的全球治理结构加以调整使其更向中国倾斜?
XI: The global governance system is built and shared by the world, not monopolized by a single country. China certainly has no intention to do so. China is involved in building the current international system, and has always done its part to uphold the international order and system with the U.N. as its core and the purposes and principles of the U.N. charter as its foundation.
习近平：全球治理体系是由全球共建共享的，不可能由哪一个国家独自掌握。中国没有这种想法，也不会这样做。中国是现行国际体系的参与者、建设者、贡献者，一直维护以联合国为核心、以联合国宪章宗旨和原则为基础的国际秩序和国际体系。
Many visionary people hold that as the global landscape evolves and major transnational and global challenges facing mankind increase, it is necessary to adjust and reform the global governance system and mechanism. Such reform is not about dismantling the existing system and creating a new one to replace it. Rather, it aims to improve the global governance system in an innovative way. We in China have a saying, “When all means are exhausted, changes are necessary; once changes are made, things will improve. Whether for a country or the entire world, adaptation to keep pace with the times is necessary in order to maintain its vigor. To build a more equitable, just and effective architecture of global governance meets the common aspiration of all countries. China and the U.S. share broad interests in this respect and should work together to improve the global governance system. This will not only leverage our respective strengths to enhance cooperation, but also enable our two countries to jointly respond to major challenges facing mankind.
世界上很多有识之士都认为，随着世界不断发展变化，随着人类面临的重大跨国性和全球性挑战日益增多，有必要对全球治理体制机制进行相应的调整改革。这种改革并不是推倒重来，也不是另起炉灶，而是创新完善。“穷则变，变则通。无论是一个国家，还是世界，都需要与时俱进，这样才能保持活力。推动全球治理体系朝着更加公正合理有效的方向发展，符合世界各国的普遍需求。中美在全球治理领域有着广泛共同利益，应该共同推动完善全球治理体系。这不仅有利于双方发挥各自优势、加强合作，也有利于双方合作推动解决人类面临的重大挑战。
China owes much of its progress in development over the past decades to international cooperation; we thus feel duty-bound to make greater contribution to international development endeavors. Many other developing countries have also expressed similar strong wishes to China. The Asian Infrastructure Development Bank (AIIB) is established mainly as a response to the need of Asian countries for infrastructure development and their aspirations for further cooperation. According to the projection of the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, from 2010 to 2023, the annual shortfall in funding for Asian infrastructural development is around US$800 billion. The AIIB serves as a new option to meet this shortfall, and it is therefore welcomed by both Asian countries and the wider international community. But as the funding shortage is huge, it is clear that the AIIB alone cannot possibly meet such demand. As an open and inclusive multilateral development agency, the AIIB will complement other multilateral development banks. In addition to Asian countries, countries outside Asia such as Germany, France and the U.K. have also joined the AIIB. China welcomes the U.S. to join the AIIB. This has been our position from the very outset.
中国几十年的发展很大程度上得益于国际合作。因此，我们应该为国际发展事业作出贡献，很多发展中国家朋友对中国提出了这方面的强烈愿望。建立亚投行，主要是为满足亚洲地区基础设施建设的需求以及亚洲各国在深化合作方面的愿望。据世行、亚开行测算，2010年到2023年，亚洲地区每年基础设施建设资金缺口达8000亿美元。亚投行可以为这种需求多提供一种资金投入选择，因而受到亚洲国家和国际社会欢迎。面对这么大的需求，亚投行只是一个渠道，不可能包打天下。亚投行是一个开放和包容的多边开发机构，将同现有多边开发银行相互补充。除了域内国家，德国、法国、英国等国家也都加入了亚投行。中方欢迎美国参与亚投行，从一开始我们就是这个态度。
I don't believe any country is capable of rearranging the architecture of global governance toward itself. Obviously, such practice goes against the trend of the times. The improvement of global governance architecture should be decided by all countries. As the U.N. summit commemorating the 70th anniversary draws nearer, China stands ready to work with all the other U.N. member states to build a new type of international relationship featuring win-win cooperation, improve the architecture of global governance, and build a community of shared future for mankind.
我不认为世界上哪个国家可以使全球治理结构向自己倾斜，也不认为这样做是符合时代潮流的。全球治理结构如何完善，应该由各国共同来决定。联合国马上就要举行成立70周年系列峰会。中国愿同广大成员国一道，推动建设以合作共赢为核心的新型国际关系，完善全球治理结构，共同构建人类命运共同体。
2. China is playing an increasingly assertive role in regions around the world, from the Middle East to Africa and the Korean peninsula. Where do China's interests align or differ from theU.S.? What's China's view of the recent nuclear deal on Iran? How worried are you about North Korea's nuclear ambitions?
《华尔街日报》：中国在处理地区和国际事务方面越来越自信，从中东到非洲到朝鲜半岛都是如此。中美在哪些领域利益一致，在哪些领域又存在分歧?中方如何看待最近达成的伊朗核协议?您是否担心朝鲜的核野心?
XI:China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and is committed to world peace and common development. In today's world, it is impossible for China to develop on its own; only when the world thrives can China prosper. China has never been absent in efforts to promote world economic recovery, seek political settlement of international and regional hotspots and respond to various global problems and challenges. This is what the international community expects of China, and to do so is China's responsibility.
习近平：中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿意为维护世界和平、促进共同发展作出努力。当今世界，中国不可能独善其身，只有世界好，中国才能好。在推动世界经济复苏、政治解决国际和地区热点、应对各种全球性问题和挑战等方面，中国都没有缺席。这是国际社会的希望，也是中国的责任。
Both being permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, China and the U.S. shoulder important responsibility of upholding regional and world peace and security, and our interests converge in a broad range of areas. China wishes to join hands with the U.S. to tackle major regional and global issues. As a matter of fact, we have done a great deal together in this area and will continue to do so. For example, China and the U.S. have been engaged in close coordination and cooperation in addressing various regional and international issues as well as global challenges, ranging from the Korean nuclear issue and the Iranian nuclear issue to Palestine-Israel peace talks, South Sudan, climate change and major epidemic diseases. Admittedly, there are differences in our respective thinking on and approach to some issues. However, differences are the reason why we should complement each other and find best solutions to issues.
中美两国都是联合国安理会常任理事国，肩负着维护世界和地区和平与安全的重要责任，存在广泛共同利益。中方愿同美方携手应对重大全球和地区性问题，己经做了很多事，还将继续做下去。中美在应对朝核、伊朗核、巴以和谈、南苏丹、气候变化、重大传染性疾病等一系列国际和地区问题及全球性挑战方面开展了密切协调和合作。当然，中美在处理一些问题时思路和方法并不完全一致，有不同才能相互补益，找到问题的最佳解决方案。
In addressing regional and international issues, China adheres to the principles of equality, fairness and justice and calls for seeking political settlement of relevant issues through peaceful negotiation. In addressing these issues, China bases its position and policy on the merit of each particular case and endeavors to uphold justice. China opposes arbitrary interference in other countries' internal affairs and stands for resolving issues through consultation. No matter how difficult and complex the challenges are, the international community should meet them with confidence and strive to resolve them through peaceful means.
在处理国际和地区事务时，中国坚持平等、公平、正义，倡导以和为贵，主张通过和平谈判政治解决有关问题。处理国际和地区事务，应该根据事情本身的是非曲直决定立场和政策，说公道话，办公道事。我们不赞成强行干涉别国内政，认为很多事情应该商量着办。不管遇到多么大的困难、多么复杂的情况，国际社会都应该坚定信心，持之以恒坚持和平努力。
The political settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue represents a major achievement of the international community, and China and the U.S. worked hard to make this possible. It shows that our approaches have worked well. Going forward, China will work with all parties involved to ensure the deal is fully implemented.
伊朗核问题政治解决取得重大成果，中美为此进行了共同努力。这说明我们的主张和方法是有效的。中方将同各方一道，推动全面协议得到有效落实。
China's position for denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula is firm and clear-cut. At the same time, we believe that the denuclearization, peace and stability of the Korean Peninsula should be achieved through peaceful means. The current situation of the Korean Peninsula is intricate and sensitive. China will maintain close communication and coordination with the U.S. and relevant parties to properly address issues relating to the Korean Peninsula and ensure long-term stability ofNortheast Asia.
中方坚持朝鲜半岛无核化的立场是坚定的、明确的，同时我们认为应该通过和平手段实现半岛无核化、维护半岛和平稳定。当前，半岛局势复杂敏感。中方愿同美方及相关各方继续就妥善处理半岛事务、实现东北亚地区长治久安等问题保持密切沟通和协调。
3. One of the first slogans you raised upon taking office was the “China Dream. It proved popular at home and has the ring of the “American dream. In speeches you've given, you've said the “China Dream is about building a strong nation and strong military. What do you see as the similarities and differences between the “China Dream and the “American dream?
《华尔街日报》：中国梦是您就职后最早提出的概念之一，这个提法现在在中国很流行，同时也让人想起我们在美国常会提到的美国梦。您曾经说过，中国梦是强国梦也是强军梦。您觉得中国梦和美国梦有哪些相似的地方?又有哪些不同的地方?
XI: The Chinese dream is fundamentally about making life better for the Chinese people, and I think one should approach this concept from two angles: history and reality. Starting from the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese nation went through a century of social turbulence, foreign aggression and the sufferings of war. Yet throughout all this trying time, our people stood on their feet and struggled tenaciously for a better future. They never gave up the longing for their cherished dream. To understand today's China, one needs to fully appreciate the Chinese nation's deep suffering since modern times and the profound impact of such suffering on the Chinese minds. That is why we regard the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its greatest dream since modern times. The Chinese dream is as much the dream of every Chinese as it is the dream of the whole nation. It is not an illusion, nor is it an empty slogan. The Chinese dream is deeply rooted in the hearts of the Chinese people.
习近平：中国梦最根本的是实现中国人民的美好生活。关于这个问题，需要从历史和现实两个向度来认识。1840年鸦片战争之后，中华民族经历了长达一个世纪的社会动荡、外族侵略、战争磨难，但中国人民始终自强不息、顽强斗争，从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。看待当今中国，一定要深刻认识中国近代以后所遭受的民族苦难，一定要深刻认识这种长期的民族苦难给中国人民精神世界带来的深刻影响。所以我们说，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近代以来中华民族最伟大的梦想。中国梦是中华民族的梦，也是每个中国人的梦。中国梦不是镜中花、水中月，不是空洞的口号，其最深沉的根基在中国人民心中。
Every country and every nation has its own dream, and dream brings hope. During my last visit to the United States, my old friends in Muscatine, Iowa, talked to me about their dream. I have the impression that the Americans and people in all other countries share the same dream about the future: world peace, social security and stability, and a decent life. Naturally, owing to differences in history, culture and stage of development, China, the United States and other countries may not have the exact same dream, and they pursue their dreams in different ways. But all roads lead toRome. The dreams of various peoples, however different in meaning, are sources of inspiration for them, and all these dreams create important opportunities for China and the United States, as well as other countries to engage in cooperation.
每个国家、每个民族都有自己的梦想。有梦想才有希望。上次访美时，我在艾奥瓦州马斯卡廷的老朋友们也向我提起他们的梦想。我深深感到，各国人民包括美国人民都对未来有着共同梦想：世界和平，社会安宁，生活富足。当然，由于历史文化、发展阶段的不同，中国梦、美国梦以及其他国家人民的梦想内涵不尽相同，实现的具体途径和方式也可能不完全一样。条条大路通罗马。各国人民对梦想的追求，不论有什么异同，都是激励他们顽强奋斗的强大动力，也为中美合作和各国合作提供了重要机遇。
4. Relations between the two countries are strained by many issues - from China's island-building in the South China Sea to allegations of cyber-spying and complaints by American businesses of unfair regulations. Some in the U.S. are even calling for a new containment policy against China. How do you answer these critics? What's the glue that holds U.S.-China relations together and how can it be made stronger?
《华尔街日报》：中美两国间的关系近年来受到诸多问题的困扰，如南海岛礁建设、网络间谍、美国跨国公司认为在华业务受到不平等待遇等问题。在美国国内一些人甚至提出要对中国采取新的遏制政策。您如何回应这些涉及中国的批评意见?您认为维系中美关系的重要因素是什么?如何能使得两国之间的纽带更加紧密?
XI:In approaching China-U.S. relations, one should see the larger picture and not just focus on differences, just as a Chinese saying tells us, “When important things are addressed first, secondary issues will not be difficult to settle. Together, China and the United States account for one-third of the world economy, one-fourth of the global population, and one-fifth of global trade. If two big countries like ours do not cooperate with each other, just imagine what will happen to the world. Both history and reality show that China and the United States stand to gain from cooperation and lose from confrontation. When President Obama and I met at the Annenberg Estate, California, in the summer of 2023, we made the strategic decision of jointly building a new model of major-country relationship between China and the United States featuring nonconflict or confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation. In the past two years and more since then, guided by this agreement, our exchanges and cooperation across the board have kept deepening and been upgraded. We maintain close and effective dialogue and cooperation on almost all major international and regional issues and global challenges. Facts have shown that the interests ofChina and the U.S. have grown increasingly intertwined. The growth of the China-U.S. relationship has not only benefited our two peoples, it has also enhanced peace, stability and development in the Asia-Pacific and beyond.
习近平：看待中美关系，要看大局，不能只盯着两国之间的分歧，正所谓“得其大者可以兼其小。中美两国经济总量占世界三分之一、人口占世界四分之一、贸易总量占世界五分之一。这两个“大块头不合作，世界会怎样?历史和现实都表明，中美两国合则两利、斗则俱伤。2023 年夏天，我同奥巴马总统在加利福尼亚州安纳伯格庄园举行会晤，作出共同构建中美新型大国关系的战略抉择，其核心内容就是不冲突、不对抗、相互尊重、合作共赢。两年多来，围绕这一共识，两国各领域交流合作日益深化，水平不断提升，双方就几乎所有重大国际和地区问题及全球性挑战保持着密切有效的沟通和协调。事实证明，中美两国利益己日趋紧密地联系在一起，两国关系发展不仅造福两国人民，也有力促进了亚太地区和世界和平、稳定、发展。
Naturally, we have some differences, even family members don't always see eye to eye with each other. Our two countries should understand and respect each other, expand common ground and properly handle differences, and respect and accommodate each other's core interests and major concerns. On issues that can be resolved, the two sides should make joint efforts to seek a solution; as to those issues that cannot be resolved for the time being, we should manage them in a constructive way, make sure that they are not exacerbated or escalated, and prevent them from derailing the overall relationship of the two countries and cooperation that has served our two peoples so well.
