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高考语法:误用介词的三种类型

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【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿,这里小编给大家分享一些,方便大家学习。

  一、画蛇添足型多用介词

  多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:

  1. 她同她妈妈讨论了她的计划。

  误:She discussed about her plans with her mother.

  正:She discussed her plans with her mother.

  析:discuss(讨论)是及物动词,其后可直接跟被讨论的东西作宾语,无需用介词 about, on 等。注意:名词形式的discussion(讨论)后则可接介词 about, on等,如:The students had a long discussion about [on] the problem. 学生们就这个问题讨论了很久。

  2. 他提到那次事故了吗?

  误:Did he mention about the accident?

  正:Did he mention the accident?

  析:mention(提及,谈到),是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

  3. 我看见他进了房间。

  误:I saw him enter into the room.

  正:I saw him enter the room.

  析:表示进入某一具体的场所、机构、建筑物等,enter是及物动词,其后一般不接介词 into。但是,若表示开始做某事、讨论或研究或处理某事、进入某各状态等,通常都用 enter into。如:He entered into business at the age of 25. 他25岁进入商界。

  4. 她同一位医生结了婚。

  误:She married with [to] a doctor.

  正:She married a doctor.

  析:表示与某人结婚,marry 是及物动词,不要受汉语的影响,在其后误加介词 with 或 to。比较:be [get] married to sb (同某人结婚)中用介词 to(仍不能按汉语意思用 with),这里的 married 可视为形容词。

  5. 我怎样与你联系?

  误:How can contact with you?

  正:How can contact you?

  析:contact 是及物动词,其意为与联系,不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注:contact的宾语除了是人外,也可以是地点,如:I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他办公室联系了。顺便说一句,contact偶尔也用作不及物动词,其后不接宾语,意为联系,如:We arranged to contact again as soon as possible. 我们尽快安排了再次联系。但是要表示与联系,contact便是及物的,其后无需用介词。

  6. 现在计算机也开始为农业服务了。

  误:Now computers have also begun serving for agriculture.

  正:Now computers have also begun serving agriculture.

  析:serve 作为服务解时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。又如:We must serve the people heart and soul. 我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。

  7. 谁管理这个工厂?

  误:Who controls over the factory?

  正:Who controls the factory?

  析:control 用作动词,表示控制、管理等,均为及物动词,其后不要受名词用法的影响而误加介词 over。

  8. 我问了她许多问题。

  误:I asked her a good many of questions.

  正:I asked her a good many questions.

  析:与 a lot of, a great number of, a great deal of 等结构不同,a great many 后接名词时,通常不用介词 of,除非其后的名词带有限定词或是代词,如:a great many of the students(许多学生),a great many of them (他们当中的许多人)。

  9. 她用手掩面。

  误:She covered over her face with her hands.

  正:She covered her face with her hands.

  析:cover(覆盖,盖住)是及物动词,其后用介词 over是多余的。

  10. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。

  误:If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.

  正:If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.

  析:advertise for sth (sb) 意为登广告征求或寻找某物或某人(此时 advertise 是不及物动词);若要表示为登广告或登广告宣传,advertise 是及物动词, 其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。比较:The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。

  二、丢三落四型漏用介词

  漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词,或是受相关结构的影响而用错等。如:

  1. 这事很难处理。

  误:This matter is difficult to deal.

  正:This matter is difficult to deal with. (from www.nmet168.com)

  析:表示对付、处理、对待、论述、与做生意等,用 deal with,其后的介词 with 不能省。

  2. 他不是个可靠的人。

  误:He is not a man to be depended.

  正:He is not a man to be depended on.

  析:depend(依靠)是不及物动词,若语义上需要接宾语,则须借助介词 on, upon。又如:Whether the game will be played depends on the weather. 球赛是否进行要看天气而定。

  3. 他喝了一口茶,又接着讲故事。

  误:He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.

  正:He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.

  析:go on(继续) 后可以接不定式(表示做完某事后接着做另一件事),也可动词的-ing形式(表示继续或不停地做一直在做的事),但是不能接名词(接名词时用 go on with)。

  4. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。

  误:My mother still regards me a child.

  正:My mother still regards me as a child.

  析:regard(看成,认为)通常不后接双宾语,也不接不定式的复合结构,要表示类似意思,需借助介词 as(注:此 as 后不仅可接名词或代词,也可接形容词、介词短语、分词等),又如:We cant regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。I dont regard you as (being) dangerous. 我觉得你这个人并不危险。He regarded her as (being) without principles. 他认为她没有原则。

  5. 他们坚持要派车来接我们。

  误:They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.

  正:They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.

  析:insist(坚持)后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,遇此情况应用 insist on [upon] doing sth。记住:insist 通常是个不及物动词,若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词 on, upon;有时它也用作及物动词,但其宾语通常只能是 that 从句,而不能是名词或代词。

  6. 他的话值得一听。

  误:What he says is worth listening.

  正:What he says is worth listening to.

  析:主语从句 what he says 是 listen to 的逻辑宾语,故其中的介词to不能省略。

  三、张冠李戴型错用介词

  错用介词的情况比较复杂,可能是受汉语意思的影响而错,也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错,可能是混淆用法而错,也可能是受相关结构的影响而错,可能是忽略语境而错,也可能是想当然地用错。如:

  1. 她昨天去了他的办公室拜访。

  误:She called on his office yesterday.

  正:She called at his office yesterday.

  析:call 表示拜访时,要注意分清两种清况。一般说来,表示拜访某人,通常用call on sb,若表示去某地拜访,则通常用 call at a place。顺便说一句,有时可在 call 后加副词 in (即说成 call in on sb 或 call in at a place)。

  2. 他与一位护士订了婚。

  误:He is engaged with a nurse.

  正:He is engaged to a nurse.

  析:be engaged to sb意为与某人订婚,注意不要按汉语习惯用介词 with。注:有时也可用 be engaged to do sth,如上面一句也可说成:He is engaged to marry a nurse. / He is engaged to be married to a nurse.

  3. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。

  误:The sun rises from in the east and sets from the west.

  正:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

  析:汉语说太阳从东方升起,实际上是太阳升起在东方,故用介词 in。

  4. 在警察的帮助下,我找回了我失去的东西。

  误:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.

  正:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.

  析:表示在某人的帮助下,英语用 with the help of sb,不要按汉语习惯用介词 under。

  5. 他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。

  误:During he was in Japan, he visited many places.

  正:During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.

  正:While he was in Japan, he visited many places.

  析:during是介词,不是连词,所以不用来引导句子。

  6. 吃点水果吧。

  误:Help yourself with the fruit.

  正:Help yourself to the fruit.

  析:help oneself to sth 是口语中常用表达,意为自行取用或随意使用,注意其中用介词 to,不能用 with。

  7. 我们了解他的性格。

  误:We are familiar to his character.

  正:We are familiar with his character.

  析:familiar(熟悉的)有以下两类用法须注意:一是表示某人熟悉某事物,此时通常只用作表语,且在其后连用介词 with; 二是表示某事物为某人所熟悉,此时可用作表语或定语,其后通常连用介词 to。比较:We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。

  一、画蛇添足型多用介词

  多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:

  1. 她同她妈妈讨论了她的计划。

  误:She discussed about her plans with her mother.

  正:She discussed her plans with her mother.

  析:discuss(讨论)是及物动词,其后可直接跟被讨论的东西作宾语,无需用介词 about, on 等。注意:名词形式的discussion(讨论)后则可接介词 about, on等,如:The students had a long discussion about [on] the problem. 学生们就这个问题讨论了很久。

  2. 他提到那次事故了吗?

  误:Did he mention about the accident?

  正:Did he mention the accident?

  析:mention(提及,谈到),是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

  3. 我看见他进了房间。

  误:I saw him enter into the room.

  正:I saw him enter the room.

  析:表示进入某一具体的场所、机构、建筑物等,enter是及物动词,其后一般不接介词 into。但是,若表示开始做某事、讨论或研究或处理某事、进入某各状态等,通常都用 enter into。如:He entered into business at the age of 25. 他25岁进入商界。

  4. 她同一位医生结了婚。

  误:She married with [to] a doctor.

  正:She married a doctor.

  析:表示与某人结婚,marry 是及物动词,不要受汉语的影响,在其后误加介词 with 或 to。比较:be [get] married to sb (同某人结婚)中用介词 to(仍不能按汉语意思用 with),这里的 married 可视为形容词。

  5. 我怎样与你联系?

  误:How can contact with you?

  正:How can contact you?

  析:contact 是及物动词,其意为与联系,不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注:contact的宾语除了是人外,也可以是地点,如:I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他办公室联系了。顺便说一句,contact偶尔也用作不及物动词,其后不接宾语,意为联系,如:We arranged to contact again as soon as possible. 我们尽快安排了再次联系。但是要表示与联系,contact便是及物的,其后无需用介词。

  6. 现在计算机也开始为农业服务了。

  误:Now computers have also begun serving for agriculture.

  正:Now computers have also begun serving agriculture.

  析:serve 作为服务解时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。又如:We must serve the people heart and soul. 我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。

  7. 谁管理这个工厂?

  误:Who controls over the factory?

  正:Who controls the factory?

  析:control 用作动词,表示控制、管理等,均为及物动词,其后不要受名词用法的影响而误加介词 over。

  

  一、画蛇添足型多用介词

  多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:

  1. 她同她妈妈讨论了她的计划。

  误:She discussed about her plans with her mother.

  正:She discussed her plans with her mother.

  析:discuss(讨论)是及物动词,其后可直接跟被讨论的东西作宾语,无需用介词 about, on 等。注意:名词形式的discussion(讨论)后则可接介词 about, on等,如:The students had a long discussion about [on] the problem. 学生们就这个问题讨论了很久。

  2. 他提到那次事故了吗?

  误:Did he mention about the accident?

  正:Did he mention the accident?

  析:mention(提及,谈到),是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

  3. 我看见他进了房间。

  误:I saw him enter into the room.

  正:I saw him enter the room.

  析:表示进入某一具体的场所、机构、建筑物等,enter是及物动词,其后一般不接介词 into。但是,若表示开始做某事、讨论或研究或处理某事、进入某各状态等,通常都用 enter into。如:He entered into business at the age of 25. 他25岁进入商界。

  4. 她同一位医生结了婚。

  误:She married with [to] a doctor.

  正:She married a doctor.

  析:表示与某人结婚,marry 是及物动词,不要受汉语的影响,在其后误加介词 with 或 to。比较:be [get] married to sb (同某人结婚)中用介词 to(仍不能按汉语意思用 with),这里的 married 可视为形容词。

  5. 我怎样与你联系?

  误:How can contact with you?

  正:How can contact you?

  析:contact 是及物动词,其意为与联系,不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注:contact的宾语除了是人外,也可以是地点,如:I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他办公室联系了。顺便说一句,contact偶尔也用作不及物动词,其后不接宾语,意为联系,如:We arranged to contact again as soon as possible. 我们尽快安排了再次联系。但是要表示与联系,contact便是及物的,其后无需用介词。

  6. 现在计算机也开始为农业服务了。

  误:Now computers have also begun serving for agriculture.

  正:Now computers have also begun serving agriculture.

  析:serve 作为服务解时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。又如:We must serve the people heart and soul. 我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。

  7. 谁管理这个工厂?

  误:Who controls over the factory?

  正:Who controls the factory?

  析:control 用作动词,表示控制、管理等,均为及物动词,其后不要受名词用法的影响而误加介词 over。

  8. 我问了她许多问题。

  误:I asked her a good many of questions.

  正:I asked her a good many questions.

  析:与 a lot of, a great number of, a great deal of 等结构不同,a great many 后接名词时,通常不用介词 of,除非其后的名词带有限定词或是代词,如:a great many of the students(许多学生),a great many of them (他们当中的许多人)。

  9. 她用手掩面。

  误:She covered over her face with her hands.

  正:She covered her face with her hands.

  析:cover(覆盖,盖住)是及物动词,其后用介词 over是多余的。

  10. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。

  误:If you want to sell your product you must advertise for it.

  正:If you want to sell your product you must advertise it.

  析:advertise for sth (sb) 意为登广告征求或寻找某物或某人(此时 advertise 是不及物动词);若要表示为登广告或登广告宣传,advertise 是及物动词, 其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语。比较:The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。

  二、丢三落四型漏用介词

  漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词,或是受相关结构的影响而用错等。如:

  1. 这事很难处理。

  误:This matter is difficult to deal.

  正:This matter is difficult to deal with. (from www.nmet168.com)

  析:表示对付、处理、对待、论述、与做生意等,用 deal with,其后的介词 with 不能省。

  2. 他不是个可靠的人。

  误:He is not a man to be depended.

  正:He is not a man to be depended on.

  析:depend(依靠)是不及物动词,若语义上需要接宾语,则须借助介词 on, upon。又如:Whether the game will be played depends on the weather. 球赛是否进行要看天气而定。

  3. 他喝了一口茶,又接着讲故事。

  误:He took a cup of tea, and went on the story.

  正:He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story.

  析:go on(继续) 后可以接不定式(表示做完某事后接着做另一件事),也可动词的-ing形式(表示继续或不停地做一直在做的事),但是不能接名词(接名词时用 go on with)。

  4. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。

  误:My mother still regards me a child.

  正:My mother still regards me as a child.

  析:regard(看成,认为)通常不后接双宾语,也不接不定式的复合结构,要表示类似意思,需借助介词 as(注:此 as 后不仅可接名词或代词,也可接形容词、介词短语、分词等),又如:We cant regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。I dont regard you as (being) dangerous. 我觉得你这个人并不危险。He regarded her as (being) without principles. 他认为她没有原则。

  5. 他们坚持要派车来接我们。

  误:They insisted sending a car over to fetch us.

  正:They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.

  析:insist(坚持)后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词,遇此情况应用 insist on [upon] doing sth。记住:insist 通常是个不及物动词,若语义上需接宾语,要借助介词 on, upon;有时它也用作及物动词,但其宾语通常只能是 that 从句,而不能是名词或代词。

  6. 他的话值得一听。

  误:What he says is worth listening.

  正:What he says is worth listening to.

  析:主语从句 what he says 是 listen to 的逻辑宾语,故其中的介词to不能省略。

  三、张冠李戴型错用介词

  错用介词的情况比较复杂,可能是受汉语意思的影响而错,也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错,可能是混淆用法而错,也可能是受相关结构的影响而错,可能是忽略语境而错,也可能是想当然地用错。如:

  1. 她昨天去了他的办公室拜访。

  误:She called on his office yesterday.

  正:She called at his office yesterday.

  析:call 表示拜访时,要注意分清两种清况。一般说来,表示拜访某人,通常用call on sb,若表示去某地拜访,则通常用 call at a place。顺便说一句,有时可在 call 后加副词 in (即说成 call in on sb 或 call in at a place)。

  2. 他与一位护士订了婚。

  误:He is engaged with a nurse.

  正:He is engaged to a nurse.

  析:be engaged to sb意为与某人订婚,注意不要按汉语习惯用介词 with。注:有时也可用 be engaged to do sth,如上面一句也可说成:He is engaged to marry a nurse. / He is engaged to be married to a nurse.

  3. 太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。

  误:The sun rises from in the east and sets from the west.

  正:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

  析:汉语说太阳从东方升起,实际上是太阳升起在东方,故用介词 in。

  4. 在警察的帮助下,我找回了我失去的东西。

  误:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.

  正:Under help of the police, I got back what I had lost.

  析:表示在某人的帮助下,英语用 with the help of sb,不要按汉语习惯用介词 under。

  5. 他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。

  误:During he was in Japan, he visited many places.

  正:During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.

  正:While he was in Japan, he visited many places.

  析:during是介词,不是连词,所以不用来引导句子。

  6. 吃点水果吧。

  误:Help yourself with the fruit.

  正:Help yourself to the fruit.

  析:help oneself to sth 是口语中常用表达,意为自行取用或随意使用,注意其中用介词 to,不能用 with。

  7. 我们了解他的性格。

  误:We are familiar to his character.

  正:We are familiar with his character.

  析:familiar(熟悉的)有以下两类用法须注意:一是表示某人熟悉某事物,此时通常只用作表语,且在其后连用介词 with; 二是表示某事物为某人所熟悉,此时可用作表语或定语,其后通常连用介词 to。比较:We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。

  一、画蛇添足型多用介词

  多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词,也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。如:

  1. 她同她妈妈讨论了她的计划。

  误:She discussed about her plans with her mother.

  正:She discussed her plans with her mother.

  析:discuss(讨论)是及物动词,其后可直接跟被讨论的东西作宾语,无需用介词 about, on 等。注意:名词形式的discussion(讨论)后则可接介词 about, on等,如:The students had a long discussion about [on] the problem. 学生们就这个问题讨论了很久。

  2. 他提到那次事故了吗?

  误:Did he mention about the accident?

  正:Did he mention the accident?

  析:mention(提及,谈到),是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

  3. 我看见他进了房间。

  误:I saw him enter into the room.

  正:I saw him enter the room.

  析:表示进入某一具体的场所、机构、建筑物等,enter是及物动词,其后一般不接介词 into。但是,若表示开始做某事、讨论或研究或处理某事、进入某各状态等,通常都用 enter into。如:He entered into business at the age of 25. 他25岁进入商界。

  4. 她同一位医生结了婚。

  误:She married with [to] a doctor.

  正:She married a doctor.

  析:表示与某人结婚,marry 是及物动词,不要受汉语的影响,在其后误加介词 with 或 to。比较:be [get] married to sb (同某人结婚)中用介词 to(仍不能按汉语意思用 with),这里的 married 可视为形容词。

  5. 我怎样与你联系?

  误:How can contact with you?

  正:How can contact you?

  析:contact 是及物动词,其意为与联系,不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词 with。注:contact的宾语除了是人外,也可以是地点,如:I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他办公室联系了。顺便说一句,contact偶尔也用作不及物动词,其后不接宾语,意为联系,如:We arranged to contact again as soon as possible. 我们尽快安排了再次联系。但是要表示与联系,contact便是及物的,其后无需用介词。

  6. 现在计算机也开始为农业服务了。

  误:Now computers have also begun serving for agriculture.

  正:Now computers have also begun serving agriculture.

  析:serve 作为服务解时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。又如:We must serve the people heart and soul. 我们必须全心全意地为人民服务。

  7. 谁管理这个工厂?

  误:Who controls over the factory?

  正:Who controls the factory?

  析:control 用作动词,表示控制、管理等,均为及物动词,其后不要受名词用法的影响而误加介词 over。

  

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