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高中英语语法-NMET 名词性从句考点归纳之一

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  NMET 名词性从句考点归纳之一

    在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句一直是高考的重要考点之一。通过对近几年高考试题的分析,笔者总结出对名词性从句的考查主要有以下六个方面:

    考点一:考查名词性从句的引导词 that 与 what 的区别

    考例( 1 ): _______we can't get seems better than _______we have.(NMET1996)

    A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

    (注:划线的选项为最佳答案)

    分析:在名词性从句中 that 与 What 的区别是: that 在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用;而 what 不仅起连接作用,而且也可充当句子成分。此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句, what 在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。

    考例 (2):It worried her a bit _________her hair was turning grey.

    A. while B. if C. that D. for

    分析:句首的先行词 It 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句 that her hair was turning grey。 此句也可以改为: That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. that 在主语从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。

    考点二:考查名词性从句中的 it 作形式主语或形式宾语

    考例 (1):_______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)

    A. There B. This C. That D. It

    分析:在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词 it 作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语和宾语放到后面,尤其是 that 引导的主语从句往往用先行词 it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为: That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.

    考例( 2 ) :I hate _______when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998)

    A. it B. that C. this D. them

    分析:此题考查用先行词 it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句(也可认为是同谓语从句)放到后面。其他代词均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。

    考点三:考查名词性从句的语序

    考例: The photographs will show you _______. (NET1989)

    A. what does our village look like B . what our village looks like

    C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

    分析:在名词性从句中,关联词要提到句首,句子用陈述句语序。当关联词含有疑问的意义时,考生受习惯影响往往会错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题中引导词 what 作介词 like 的宾语,而副词 how 不能作介词 like 的宾语,所以排除 C 、 D ;而 A 项是疑问句语序,故只能选 B .

    考点四:考查名词性从句的引导词 whether 与 if 及 that 的区别

    考例: _______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .(NMET1996)

    A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

    分析: whether 与 if (意为是否)的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但引导介词后边的宾语从句或从句后面紧跟 or not 时只能用 whether, 而不能用 if .在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,只能用 whether, 而不能用 if ,例如:

    1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 这件事是否真实还是个问题。

    2.What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海 2001 )医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否很快从重病中恢复过来。

    3.I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 我不知道自己是否该同意这项计划。

    注:以上三句分别为主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。只能用 whether 引导,不能用 if .

    4.Could you tell us whether/if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告诉我们在澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?(在引导宾语从句时, whether 和 if 可以互换)

    5.Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。(介词后边的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导)

    6.I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他来不来。(从句中有 or not 时,不能用 if )

    考点五:从句中的疑问词 +ever 引导的从句与 no matter+ 疑问词引导的从句的区别

    考例( 1 ) :________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(NET1988)

    A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

    分析: Whoever 引导的是主语从句,强调无论谁,它在主语从句中作主语,相当于 anyone who 或 the person who. 如果要选 A 或 B ,必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词 who. 如果选 D 就体现不出无论谁的含义了。

    考例( 2 ) :Sarah hopes to become a friend of ___shares her interests. (上海 1995 )

    A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

    分析:疑问词 +ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+ 疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句,后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除 A 和 D ,又因为从句中缺少的是主语,故排除 B .

    考点六:考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气

    考例: It is necessary that a college student _______at least a foreign language ( 上海 1993)

    A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

    分析: It 作形式主语, that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

    具体有以下几个方面:

    1 .在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should)+do。 常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that 例如:

    It is strange that she (should)think so. 真奇怪,她竟然这么想。

    It is necessary that he (should)be sent there at once. 应该马上派他去那里。

    It is suggested that Mr. Wang give a performance at the party. 有人建议王先生在晚会上演个节目。

    2 .谓语动词是表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词时,其后边的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。常用的这类动词有 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command 等,谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should)+do .例如:

    I insist that she (should)do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己完成工作。

    The commander ordered that troops (should)set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

    3 .主语是 suggestion, proposal, request, idea 等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意义的名词时,表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should)+do 。例如:

    My idea is that another meeting (should)be held to discuss the problem. 我建议再开一次会来讨论这个问题。

  NMET 名词性从句考点归纳之一

    在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句一直是高考的重要考点之一。通过对近几年高考试题的分析,笔者总结出对名词性从句的考查主要有以下六个方面:

    考点一:考查名词性从句的引导词 that 与 what 的区别

    考例( 1 ): _______we can't get seems better than _______we have.(NMET1996)

    A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what

    (注:划线的选项为最佳答案)

    分析:在名词性从句中 that 与 What 的区别是: that 在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用;而 what 不仅起连接作用,而且也可充当句子成分。此题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾语从句, what 在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语。

    考例 (2):It worried her a bit _________her hair was turning grey.

    A. while B. if C. that D. for

    分析:句首的先行词 It 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句 that her hair was turning grey。 此句也可以改为: That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. that 在主语从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。

    考点二:考查名词性从句中的 it 作形式主语或形式宾语

    考例 (1):_______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)

    A. There B. This C. That D. It

    分析:在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡,往往用先行词 it 作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语和宾语放到后面,尤其是 that 引导的主语从句往往用先行词 it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为: That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.

    考例( 2 ) :I hate _______when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET1998)

    A. it B. that C. this D. them

    分析:此题考查用先行词 it 作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语从句(也可认为是同谓语从句)放到后面。其他代词均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。

    考点三:考查名词性从句的语序

    考例: The photographs will show you _______. (NET1989)

    A. what does our village look like B . what our village looks like

    C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like

    分析:在名词性从句中,关联词要提到句首,句子用陈述句语序。当关联词含有疑问的意义时,考生受习惯影响往往会错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误的关键是要找准从句中的主语和谓语。本题中引导词 what 作介词 like 的宾语,而副词 how 不能作介词 like 的宾语,所以排除 C 、 D ;而 A 项是疑问句语序,故只能选 B .

    考点四:考查名词性从句的引导词 whether 与 if 及 that 的区别

    考例: _______we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .(NMET1996)

    A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where

    分析: whether 与 if (意为是否)的区别是:在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换,但引导介词后边的宾语从句或从句后面紧跟 or not 时只能用 whether, 而不能用 if .在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时,只能用 whether, 而不能用 if ,例如:

    1.Whether it is true remains a problem. 这件事是否真实还是个问题。

    2.What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. (上海 2001 )医生真正怀疑的是我母亲能否很快从重病中恢复过来。

    3.I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 我不知道自己是否该同意这项计划。

    注:以上三句分别为主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。只能用 whether 引导,不能用 if .

    4.Could you tell us whether/if it snows in winter in Australia? 你能告诉我们在澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?(在引导宾语从句时, whether 和 if 可以互换)

    5.Everything depends on whether we have enough time. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的时间。(介词后边的宾语从句只能用 whether 引导)

    6.I don't know whether or not he'll come. 我不知道他来不来。(从句中有 or not 时,不能用 if )

    考点五:从句中的疑问词 +ever 引导的从句与 no matter+ 疑问词引导的从句的区别

    考例( 1 ) :________leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(NET1988)

    A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who

    分析: Whoever 引导的是主语从句,强调无论谁,它在主语从句中作主语,相当于 anyone who 或 the person who. 如果要选 A 或 B ,必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词 who. 如果选 D 就体现不出无论谁的含义了。

    考例( 2 ) :Sarah hopes to become a friend of ___shares her interests. (上海 1995 )

    A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who

    分析:疑问词 +ever 引导的名词性从句与 no matter+ 疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句,后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除 A 和 D ,又因为从句中缺少的是主语,故排除 B .

    考点六:考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气

    考例: It is necessary that a college student _______at least a foreign language ( 上海 1993)

    A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master

    分析: It 作形式主语, that 引导的主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。

    具体有以下几个方面:

    1 .在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should)+do。 常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) thatIt is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.)that 例如:

    It is strange that she (should)think so. 真奇怪,她竟然这么想。

    It is necessary that he (should)be sent there at once. 应该马上派他去那里。

    It is suggested that Mr. Wang give a performance at the party. 有人建议王先生在晚会上演个节目。

    2 .谓语动词是表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词时,其后边的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。常用的这类动词有 suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command 等,谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should)+do .例如:

    I insist that she (should)do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己完成工作。

    The commander ordered that troops (should)set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。

    3 .主语是 suggestion, proposal, request, idea 等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意义的名词时,表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气 (should)+do 。例如:

    My idea is that another meeting (should)be held to discuss the problem. 我建议再开一次会来讨论这个问题。

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