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高中英语语法-what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法之一

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  what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法之一

    what在英语中是个很常用的词。我们知道它能用作疑问词,引导特殊疑问句,在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语;又能用作连接代词(或复合关系代词),引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句;还能用作疑问形容词,只作定语并可表示感叹。对于这些常规的用法本文就不一一赘述,现就what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法归纳如下:

    1. what = just as,意为恰像,犹如,好比用作连词,引导比较状语从句。(见新编高二英语上册p.21)

    ⑴ 惯用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意为A对B而言正如C对D一样例如:

    ① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。(介词to 表示两者的关系)

    ⑵ 也有A is for B what C is for D.句式。例如:

    ② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词for表示供使用)

    ⑶ what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

    在这一结构中,喻体在前,主体在后,相当于just as,so结构,意思也是A对B而言正如C对D一样例如:

    What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.)

    铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。

    2. what 与do with连用,意为(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等。what常有较灵活的翻译,常用结构是:what do with sth./sb.?或what to do with sth./sb. 例如:

    ① What will you do with the letter? 你将把那封信怎样处理?

    ② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

    孩子们不知道雨天干什么好。

    注意:do with 与deal with同义,但搭配不同:do with只能与what搭配,而deal with可与不同的疑问词搭配。比较:

    ③ How will you deal with the letter?你将那封信怎样处理?

    ④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.

    如果你试着倒立着或仅以躺着的姿势去喝水,就能大致体会得到宇航员必须应付什么了。

    3. 问价格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面积﹑门牌(汽车﹑电话等)号码等时,只能用what提问,不能用how much提问。例如:

    ① What is the cost(price)of the gold watch?这块金表多少钱?

    ② What is the speed of the car?车速是多少?

    ③ What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?这湖有多长(宽、深)?

    ④ What is the population(area)of China?中国的人口(面积)有多少(大)?

    ⑤ What money(cash) have you got? 你有多少钱(现金)?

    ⑥ What is your telephone (car、room)number?

    你的电话(汽车﹑房间)号码是多少?

    4.What is like?的两种含义。

    ⑴ 表示情况怎样,多指天气或气候。例如:

    ① What is the weather like today?今天天气怎样?

    ② What is the climate like there?那里的气候怎样?

    ⑵ 表示像什么样,什么模样,怎样的 指人或事物。例如:

    ③ What is the camel like ?骆驼是什么样子的?

    ④ What is your teacher like? She is very kind and beautiful.

    你老师是怎样一个人?她既善良又美丽。

    ⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未来的生活是什么样子呢?

    注意:What islike?通常用于对某人、某地和某物的实际情况提问,包括对其内在的品质或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提问。而How is like?是就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法,可以用来询问变化的事物,如暂时的情况,情绪等,还常用来问候别人的健康。如:

    ⑥ How is your work these days? 近来你的工作情况如何?

    ⑦ How is he? 他近况如何? (他身体近来怎么样?)

    比较:What does she look like?她是什么模样?(What look like?只能指外表 )

    5.What do you think of?用于询问对方对的看法或评价。例如:

    ① What do you think of the idea?你认为这个主意怎样?

    ② What did you think of that film?你对那场电影评价如何?

    注意: What do you think of?是惯用搭配,不能改为How do you think of?。但我们可以说:How do you feel about the idea(that film)?或者How do you like the idea(that film)?

    6.what 用作复合关系代词时,既可指代人又可指代物。例如:

    ① China is no longer what it used to be? 中国已不是过去的中国

    ② She is what you call a bluestocking。 她就是你说的女才子。

    ③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。

    7. what从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如:

    ① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我们将使工厂比现在规模增加一倍。(句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语)

    ② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量(句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句;句末的what you weigh 是说明前面的动词weigh,系回答how much 的问题,作状语)

    8.像how和why一样,what可以用作名词。例如:

    ① Please explain to us how and why,since you know what. 既然你想出一个好办法,请给我们解释清楚解决这个问题的方法和理由。

    ② By asking why,how and what if,curious minds find new ideas and solutions.

    通过刨根问底,提出假设,富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意,找出了解决问题的新办法。(见新版高二英语上册p.7,what if 可译为:假设)

    9.与what连用的常用句型和词组

    ⑴ What if?What will or would happen if?如果(假如)将会怎么样?例如:

    ① What if it is true?如果这是真的又怎么样?

    ② What if a storm should come up?万一发生暴风雨怎么办?

    ⑵ what with:because of ;as a result of;因为;由于的结果;例如:

    ③ What with overwork and (what with)so little sleep,she fell ill.

    一半由于工作过度的劳累,一半由于睡眠不足,她病倒了。

    ④ She has been depressed,what with losing her job and having to move.

    她由于丢了工作还要搬家而感到沮丧。

    ⑶ and what not :and so on ;etc;以及各种其它东西;诸如此类;等等;例如:

    ⑤ I bought sugar,tea,eggs,and what not. 我买了食糖、茶叶、鸡蛋之类的东西。

    ⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必须倒装,意为不管发生什么事不管怎样

  what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法之一

    what在英语中是个很常用的词。我们知道它能用作疑问词,引导特殊疑问句,在句中做主语﹑表语或宾语;又能用作连接代词(或复合关系代词),引导主语从句﹑表语从句或宾语从句;还能用作疑问形容词,只作定语并可表示感叹。对于这些常规的用法本文就不一一赘述,现就what在高中英语中的某些特殊用法归纳如下:

    1. what = just as,意为恰像,犹如,好比用作连词,引导比较状语从句。(见新编高二英语上册p.21)

    ⑴ 惯用句式是:A is to B what C is to D. 意为A对B而言正如C对D一样例如:

    ① Air is to us What water is to fish. 空气对于我们犹如水对于鱼。(介词to 表示两者的关系)

    ⑵ 也有A is for B what C is for D.句式。例如:

    ② Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词for表示供使用)

    ⑶ what 引导的从句也可以放在句首,其句式是: What C is to D,that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.)

    在这一结构中,喻体在前,主体在后,相当于just as,so结构,意思也是A对B而言正如C对D一样例如:

    What blood vessel is to a man's body,that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ,so Railway is to transportation.)

    铁路对于运输,好比血管对于人体一样。

    2. what 与do with连用,意为(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等。what常有较灵活的翻译,常用结构是:what do with sth./sb.?或what to do with sth./sb. 例如:

    ① What will you do with the letter? 你将把那封信怎样处理?

    ② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.

    孩子们不知道雨天干什么好。

    注意:do with 与deal with同义,但搭配不同:do with只能与what搭配,而deal with可与不同的疑问词搭配。比较:

    ③ How will you deal with the letter?你将那封信怎样处理?

    ④ You may have some idea of what the astronauts have to deal with if you try to drink a glass of water while standing on your head or while just lying down.

    如果你试着倒立着或仅以躺着的姿势去喝水,就能大致体会得到宇航员必须应付什么了。

    3. 问价格﹑度量﹑速度、人口﹑面积﹑门牌(汽车﹑电话等)号码等时,只能用what提问,不能用how much提问。例如:

    ① What is the cost(price)of the gold watch?这块金表多少钱?

    ② What is the speed of the car?车速是多少?

    ③ What is the length(width﹑depth)of the lake?这湖有多长(宽、深)?

    ④ What is the population(area)of China?中国的人口(面积)有多少(大)?

    ⑤ What money(cash) have you got? 你有多少钱(现金)?

    ⑥ What is your telephone (car、room)number?

    你的电话(汽车﹑房间)号码是多少?

    4.What is like?的两种含义。

    ⑴ 表示情况怎样,多指天气或气候。例如:

    ① What is the weather like today?今天天气怎样?

    ② What is the climate like there?那里的气候怎样?

    ⑵ 表示像什么样,什么模样,怎样的 指人或事物。例如:

    ③ What is the camel like ?骆驼是什么样子的?

    ④ What is your teacher like? She is very kind and beautiful.

    你老师是怎样一个人?她既善良又美丽。

    ⑤ What will life be like in the future ? 未来的生活是什么样子呢?

    注意:What islike?通常用于对某人、某地和某物的实际情况提问,包括对其内在的品质或外在的特征(或持久的特征)提问。而How is like?是就某人、某地和某物的外观询问对方的看法,可以用来询问变化的事物,如暂时的情况,情绪等,还常用来问候别人的健康。如:

    ⑥ How is your work these days? 近来你的工作情况如何?

    ⑦ How is he? 他近况如何? (他身体近来怎么样?)

    比较:What does she look like?她是什么模样?(What look like?只能指外表 )

    5.What do you think of?用于询问对方对的看法或评价。例如:

    ① What do you think of the idea?你认为这个主意怎样?

    ② What did you think of that film?你对那场电影评价如何?

    注意: What do you think of?是惯用搭配,不能改为How do you think of?。但我们可以说:How do you feel about the idea(that film)?或者How do you like the idea(that film)?

    6.what 用作复合关系代词时,既可指代人又可指代物。例如:

    ① China is no longer what it used to be? 中国已不是过去的中国

    ② She is what you call a bluestocking。 她就是你说的女才子。

    ③ She is not what she was five years ago. 她不再是5年前的她了。

    7. what从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如:

    ① We will make the factory twice what it is today. 我们将使工厂比现在规模增加一倍。(句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语)

    ② Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh. 地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量(句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句;句末的what you weigh 是说明前面的动词weigh,系回答how much 的问题,作状语)

    8.像how和why一样,what可以用作名词。例如:

    ① Please explain to us how and why,since you know what. 既然你想出一个好办法,请给我们解释清楚解决这个问题的方法和理由。

    ② By asking why,how and what if,curious minds find new ideas and solutions.

    通过刨根问底,提出假设,富有求知欲的天才人物想出了新主意,找出了解决问题的新办法。(见新版高二英语上册p.7,what if 可译为:假设)

    9.与what连用的常用句型和词组

    ⑴ What if?What will or would happen if?如果(假如)将会怎么样?例如:

    ① What if it is true?如果这是真的又怎么样?

    ② What if a storm should come up?万一发生暴风雨怎么办?

    ⑵ what with:because of ;as a result of;因为;由于的结果;例如:

    ③ What with overwork and (what with)so little sleep,she fell ill.

    一半由于工作过度的劳累,一半由于睡眠不足,她病倒了。

    ④ She has been depressed,what with losing her job and having to move.

    她由于丢了工作还要搬家而感到沮丧。

    ⑶ and what not :and so on ;etc;以及各种其它东西;诸如此类;等等;例如:

    ⑤ I bought sugar,tea,eggs,and what not. 我买了食糖、茶叶、鸡蛋之类的东西。

    ⑷ come what will(may)是固定搭配必须倒装,意为不管发生什么事不管怎样

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