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Unit 3 Travelling in Garden City 花园城市的交通
★重点词汇
air-conditioner空调conductor售票员double-decker双层fare-box投币箱 flyover立交桥 park停车场
pedestrian行人single-decker单层
★语法聚焦
1.限定词none of等的用法;
2.副词nowadays, perhaps等的用法;
3.一般将来时的用法;
4.形容词比较级fewer等的用法。
课文英汉对照
Look and read
Buses
In the past, many people liked travelling by bus. All passengers had to buy tickets. There was a bus-conductor in each bus. He collected money from the passengers and put the money in a bag. Passengers do not buy tickets now. They put their money in a fare-box instead. In the past, there were only single-decker buses. None of them was a double-decker bus. In the past, travelling by bus was not very comfortable. There were no air-conditioners in the buses.Nowadays, most buses have air- conditioners. Most of the bus-drivers are men, but some of them are women. However, in the past, none of the bus-drivers were women . All of them were women .
过去, 多数人喜欢乘公交车出行。所有乘客必须买票。每辆车上有一名售票员。他从乘客手中收钱，然后放入包中。现在乘客不必买票了。取而代之的是他们把钱放进投币箱中。过去只有单层公交车。没有一个是双层的。在过去乘公交车旅行不太舒服。车内没有空调。现在，多数公交车有空调。大多数公交车司机是男的，但也有一些是女的。然而，过去没有一名公交车司机是女的。他们都是男的。
Answer true or false
1 .Nowadays, none of the buses are double-decker buses. 1. 现在，没有双层公交车。
2. Nowadays, some of the bus-drivers are women. 2. 现在，一些公交车司机是女的。
3 .In the past, all of the buses had a fare-box. 3. 在过去，所有的公交车都有投币箱。
4. In the past, some of the buses were air-conditioned. 4. 在过去，一些公交车带空调。
Look and say
What will travelling in our city be like in 10 years time? Perhaps there wilI be more roads. Perhaps there will be fewer traffic jams. Perhaps we wont travel by ferry any longer. Perhaps more people will travel by taxi. Think about what travelling in your city will be like in 10 years time. Look at the tables below, and then discuss with your classmates.
十年后我们城市的交通将会是什么样? 也许会有更多的路. 也许交通堵塞会很少. 也许我们不再乘渡船了. 也许更多的人乘出租车出行. 想一想十年后你们城市交通将是什么样? 看下表,和你的同学讨论一下.
S1: What will travelling in our city be like in 10 years time? S1: 十年后我们城市的交通将是什么样?
S2: Perhaps we wont travel by any longer./ Perhaps more people will travel by ./ Perhaps there will be more/fewer也许我们不再乘 出行了/也许将有更多的人乘 出行/也许会有更多/更少
重点难点解析
1 . All passengers had to buy tickets.所有乘客必须买票。
▲have和must的异同
在表示必须这个意思时，must和have to很接近。只是must强调主观看法，have to强调客观需要，若用来指现在，两者可以换用。不过用have to的场合较多，尤其是在口语中，have to有时可说成have got to.另外，have to能用于多种时态，而must只能用于一般现在时。如：
①I have to get home to do my work.. 我得回家干活。(可能时间或客观情况不允许我再呆下去。)
② We must clean our room every day. 我们必须每天打扫房间。(作为一种义务，无论干净不干净。)
用于否定句时，mustnt表示决不可千万不能，而dont have to表示不必，相当于neednt. mustn、和dont have to在意义上有很大的不同。如：
1)We mustnt tell her about it.这件事我们决不能告诉她。
2)We dont have to tell her about it.这件事情我们不必告诉她。
3)You mustnt be late again next time.你下次千万不能再迟到了。(不能用dont have to)
2. They put their money in a fare-box instead.取而代之的是他们把钱放进投币箱中。
▲ instead与instead of辨析
instead是个副词，它后面不能跟名词、代词或动名词，而只能作动词的状语或句子的状语，而instead of是复合介词，其后应跟名词、代词、动名词或介词短语。如：
1) If you dont want to go, Ill go instead.你要是不打算去，我就替你去好了。
2) I will go instead of you.我将代替你去。
3. None of them was a double-bus。它们中没有一个是双层巴士。
▲none of之后除可接可数名词之外，也可以接不可数名词。如：
1) None of the milk can be used.这牛奶一点也不能用。
2) None of the rooms are ready.没有一个房间准备好。
4. Perhaps we wont travel by ferry any longer. 也许我们不再乘渡船了.
▲no longer 与 not any longer
no longer 与 not any longer的词义是相同的, 它们的区别主要表现在词序上. no longer常位于实义动词之前,连系动词、助动词和情态动词之后, 而any longer在否定句中总是放在句尾. 如:
① Hes no longer at school. 他不再上学了.
② I cant wait any longer. 我不能再等了.
Unit 4 Making a model 做模型
★重点词汇
cardboard硬纸板cloth布curtain窗帘inside里面matchbox火柴盒material材料paint油漆，颜料
quilt被子 reel 卷轴 straw吸管size大小,尺寸 tape 胶带 wallpaper墙纸tool工具 wardrobe 衣柜
★语法聚焦
1.形容词比较级的用法;
2.时间副词then, finally用法;
3.祈使句的用法。
课文英汉对照
Look and learn
cardboard boxes 纸壳箱
a cotton reel 线轴
matchboxes 火柴盒
pieces of cloth 布料
wallpaper 墙纸
straws 吸管
Read，think and write
This is Kitty and Bens model house. It is very small.They made it two years ago. They are going to make a new one. 这是基蒂和本的房子模型。房子非常小。是两年前做的。他们打算做一个新的。
Making a model house 做个房子模型
We will possibly need： 我们可能需要：
.some brushes ?一些刷子
.a bottle of glue ?一瓶胶水
.some tape ?一些胶带
.a pair of scissors ?一把剪刀
.some paint ?一些颜料
.a matchbox ?一个火柴盒
.a ruler ?一把尺子
.a pencil ?一支铅笔
.a rubber ?一块橡皮
.some paper ?一些纸
Lets start collecting things.Wait.Let me think what well possibly need
让我们开始收集东西. 等一下. 让我想一下我们可能需要
Look and learn
curtains 窗帘
quilts 被子
wardrobes 衣柜
Think and match
What do we use these cotton reels for? 我们用这些线轴干什么?
We use them for making tables. 我们用它们做桌子。
Tools and materials 工具和材料
a pair of scissors 剪刀
b glue and tape 胶水和胶带
c paint and brushes 涂料和刷子
d matchboxes 火柴盒
e cardboard boxes 纸壳盒
f straws 吸管
g cotton reels 线轴
h pieces of cloth 布料
i wallpaper 墙纸
Use
.making the cupboards and wardrobes(d) 做碗柜和衣柜
.sticking things together(b) 粘东西
.making lamps(f) 做电灯
.making tables(g) 做桌子
.cutting things(a) 剪东西
.painting the walls of the model house(c) 刷墙
.decorating the walls of the model house(i) 装饰墙壁
.making the model house(e) 做房子模型
.making curtains, rugs，sofas and quilts(h) 做窗帘、小地毯、沙发和被子
Look, read and write
This is Kitty and Bens old model house. This is their new model house.What are the differences?
? size of the model houses
? size of the rooms/number of rooms
? colour of the outside/inside of the
model houses
? things/furniture in the rooms
? number of windows
? number of floors
The new model house and the old model house
The new model house is bigger than the old one.However, the rooms in the new model house are smaller.There are four rooms in the new one .There are four windows in the new one.The outside of the old model house is blue.The outside of the new model house is brown.
新房子模型比旧的大。但新房子模型的房间较小。新模型有四个房间。新模型有四扇窗户。旧模型的外面是蓝色的。新模型的外面是褐色的。
Make and play
Let us show you how to make a model house.让我们向你们展示一下怎样做房子模型。
1 .First, use some glue to stick the cardboard boxes together.首先，用胶水把纸壳盒粘起来。
2.Next，cut a piece of cardboard to make a roof for your model house.接着，剪下一块纸板为你的房子做屋顶。
3 .Then make some windows，and paint the outside of your model house.
然后，做几扇窗户，为房子的外面刷上涂料。
4 .Finally, stick wallpaper onto the walls of the rooms.最后，把墙纸粘到房间的墙上。
重点难点解析
1.They are going to make a new one.他们打算做一个新的。
▲对于将要发生的事，或打算，计划，决定要做的事情，都以be going to十动词原形的句型来表示，其中be动词是否用am, is，are决定于主语。如：1)He is going to be back soon.他不久将回来。
2)I am going to buy a new bike.我要买一辆新自行车。
▲此处one用作不定代词，它可指代刚提到的人或可数的物，也可泛指人们或一个人，但不可指代不可数名词。如：1)I have a red pen, and he has a blue one。我有支红钢笔，他有支蓝钢笔。
2)One could see that he was very happy.人们能看得出他非常高兴。
2. Lets start collecting things.让我们开始收集东西吧。
▲let是及物动词，意思是让请让允许做吧等，其过去式仍为let。let位于句首，引导祈使句。let后面跟somebody作宾语时，在somebody之后的动词不定式，需要省略不定式符号to。
a. let用于祈使句，表示请让 做吧。如：
1)0K, let me try!好，让我试一试吧!(省略了主语you的祈使句)
2)Let me have a look.请让我看一看。(省略了主语you的祈使句)
3) Lets do it together.咱们一起做吧。(祈使句)
4)Lets begin our class.我们开始上课吧。(祈使句)
b. let用于第三人称作宾语的句子中，表示让。如：
1)Let him think about it for a minute.让他考虑一会吧。
2)Let them feel it场hand.让他们用手摸一摸。
c. let用于不省略主语的句子中，表示允许让。如：
1)After my explanation, she let her da回lter go with her classmates.
在我解释过后，她允许女儿和同学们一起去了。
2)The father let his son have a rest before moving to Lesson Nine.
那位爸爸让儿子在进行第九课之前休息休息。
3 . First,Next, Then... Finally,首先，接着，然后最后，
▲ 在汉语中，我们常用某人先做了某事，然后作了某事，最后做了某事来表示某个人做事情的先后顺序。在英语中，我们也可以在句子前加一些表示先后顺序的词语来表示动作的先后顺序。常用的词语有first...then， finally/in the end...。如：
1)Lets first get everything ready. Then we will read the directions. Finally/In the end, we must do it very carelly.
我们先把一切准备好。然后我们来看说明书。最后，我们一定要非常小心地去做。
2)What a shame!First he gave me the book as a present. Then he got it back from me. And finally/in the end, now, he said he would give it to me again. I will never take his things, never.
真丢人，他先是把这本书作为礼物送给我。然后，他又把它要了回去。最后，就是现在，他又要把这本书送给我。我永远也不会要他的东西，永远不会。
More Practice
The four season四个季节
Spring春天
Spring is an exciting time of the year.The weather starts getting warm. The wind blows gently. It always rains, so it is wet everywhere. Plants start growing. Leaves start growing on the trees. The animals which sleep in winter start waking up. Easter is in spring.It is nice to celebrate this festival by giving each other chocolate eggs.
春天是一年中令人兴奋的季节。天开始变暖了。风轻轻的吹。春天经常下雨，所以到处都是湿的。植物开始生长。树叶开始生长。在冬天沉睡的动物开始醒来。复活节在春天。通过送给对方巧克力蛋来庆祝这个节日真的很不错。
Summer
Summer is full of fun. The weather starts getting hot. There are a lot of flowers. The sun shines brightly. It is nice to have an ice-cream in summer.
Many people love going to the beach. They swim happily in the sea. The children build sandcastles on the beach. Sometimes it rains heavily. Sometimes there are typhoons. The wind blowes a lot. It is dangerous to go outside in this weather.
夏天充满欢乐。天开始变热了。有许多花。阳光明媚。在夏天吃一支冰激凌真的很好。
许多人喜欢去海边。他们在海里快乐的游泳。孩子们在海滩建沙堡。有时下大雨。有时有台风。风很大。在这种天气外出是危险的。
Autumn
Autumn makes the countryside look very different. Leaves start falling from the trees. Some leaves become brown, red or yellow. There are dry leaves everywhere. The weather starts getting cooler. The wind becomes a little stronger. Some birds start flying to warmer places. Some animals start eating more food in autumn because they will not eat anything in winter. They will just go to sleep in winter.
Many people love going on picnic in autumn because the weather is warm and dry. It is nice to have a barbecue, too. Children like flying kites on windy days.
秋天使乡村看起来不同。树叶开始落下来。一些树叶变成棕色、红色或黄色。到处都有干树叶。天开始变凉了。风变的更猛烈了。一些鸟开始飞到暖和的地方。在秋天一些动物开始吃更多的食物，以便它们在冬天不吃任何东西。在冬天它们只是睡觉。
