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从零开始学语法:非延续性动词的用法特征

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【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿,这里小编给大家分享一些,方便大家学习。

  1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

  The train has arrived. 火车到了。

  Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?

  2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定句)。如:

  (1) 他死了三年了。

  误:He has died for three years.

  正:He has been dead for three years.

  正:He died three years ago.

  正:It is three years since he died.

  正:Three years has passed since he died.

  (2) 他来这儿五天了。

  误:He has come here for five days.

  正:He has been here for five days.

  正:He came here five days ago.

  正:It is five days since he came here.

  正:Five days has passed since he came here.

  (1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:

  a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。

  b. 将句中表示时间段的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

  c. 用句型It is+段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

  d. 用句型时间+has passed+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

  3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示时间段的状语连用。如:

  He hasnt left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。

  I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。

  4. 非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成not+终止性动词+until/till...的句型,意为直到才。如:

  You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。

  I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。

  5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

  因为when表示的时间可以是时间点(从句谓语动词用非延续性动词),也可以是时间段(从句谓语动词用延续性动词);而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:

  When we reached London, it was twelve oclock.(reach为终止性动词)

  Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)

  6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定句)。如:

  误:How long have you come here?

  正:How long have you been here?

  正:When did you come here?

  1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:

  The train has arrived. 火车到了。

  Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?

  2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定句)。如:

  (1) 他死了三年了。

  误:He has died for three years.

  正:He has been dead for three years.

  正:He died three years ago.

  正:It is three years since he died.

  正:Three years has passed since he died.

  (2) 他来这儿五天了。

  误:He has come here for five days.

  正:He has been here for five days.

  正:He came here five days ago.

  正:It is five days since he came here.

  正:Five days has passed since he came here.

  (1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:

  a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。

  b. 将句中表示时间段的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

  c. 用句型It is+段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

  d. 用句型时间+has passed+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

  3. 非延续性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示时间段的状语连用。如:

  He hasnt left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。

  I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。

  4. 非延续性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成not+终止性动词+until/till...的句型,意为直到才。如:

  You cant leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。

  I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。

  5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。

  因为when表示的时间可以是时间点(从句谓语动词用非延续性动词),也可以是时间段(从句谓语动词用延续性动词);而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:

  When we reached London, it was twelve oclock.(reach为终止性动词)

  Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)

  6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定句)。如:

  误:How long have you come here?

  正:How long have you been here?

  正:When did you come here?

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