【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
阅读材料：
Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the womans face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
伦勃朗是十七世纪荷兰最富盛名的画家。然后，对于有些画作是否确实出自他手却是颇有争议的。有一副有争议的画归于伦勃朗名下是因为其风格属于伦勃朗，同时画上女子的面庞也同伦勃朗其他画作中的人物非常类似的。然而，这幅画中存在的一些问题却表明这幅画不是伦勃朗的作品。
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.
首先，这幅画上的一个问题就是画中女子的衣着有些不协调。她带着一个白色的亚麻帽子，这是一种仆人才会戴的帽子。但是穿的衣服却有一个奢华的皮草领子，这样的衣服是仆人阶层所不能承受的。以关注作品服饰细节著称的伦勃朗是不会在作品中发这样的错误的。
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
第二，伦勃朗是光影大师，但是在这幅作品中光影却是不协调的。人物的面庞被来自下面的光照亮了，但是面部下面却是深色的皮草领子。这个深色的皮草领子应该是吸光而不是反光的，所以面部应该呈现的是半明半暗的状态，而不是全部都是亮的。伦勃朗是绝不会犯这样的错误的。
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
最后，对于画作背侧的检查发现这幅画的木板是有几块木头粘在一起的。尽管伦勃朗常常会在木板上作画，但是尚未发现伦勃朗使用几块拼接的木板作画。
For these reason the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandts paintings in the 1930s.
因为上述原因，这幅画在1930年代从伦勃朗的官方画作目录中移除了。
阅读部分需要提取的观点是：
Main point: The painting is not a work by Rembrandt.
Sub point 1: There is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed.
Sub point 2: Light and shadow do not fit together.
Sub point 3: Panel made of several pieces of wood glued together which is never done by Rembrandt.
观点抽出方法：
这篇文章的阅读部分可以说是非常和谐的，无论是main point还是sub points都是非常清晰明了的。
但是需要注意的是这篇文章段内展开是需要仔细看的。很多的时候大家都认为只要知道point就够了，其他的就听就行了。但是，三分钟的时间我们真的足够可以把这篇文章仔细看完，甚至做好笔记。如果你听力足够好，不看可以，但是什么样才是足够好呢？听力部分TPO满分算吗？答：不算。听力部分是泛听，还有题目和套路去辅助你。但是综合写作部分就没有这么好，这么慢的速度，这么短的文章，怎么可能听个大概就放过你们呢？
如果阅读部分的展开是基于事实的，那么一定一定要认真看，对于我们听力部分有很好的促进作用。事实是不能被反驳的，有黑色的领子是不会变的，光影不协调是不会变的，拼接木版是不会变的。那么在听力部分只能是基于这些事实进行explanation。这样，谈的话题都会是离不开阅读部分的细节的。不看的话就以为这你要在听力的时候记相当多的内容。
听力部分有人问要不要记笔记。如果你是个正常人，不是超长的，那么就要记。因为不是听个大概就可以了，要有细节和reasoning，正常人是记不住的。
很奇怪吗？lecture部分也有reasoning？当然，你要反驳一个观点，没有推理怎么可以？不是你堆砌听到内容就可以了，写出的文章要经得起问why。
在听力部分，我们可以猜到的是这幅画还是伦勃朗的画作。但是passage部分的理由都是基于事实且非常充分。看来，无论怎样，这些细节都是lecture部分绕不过去滴。
Everything you just read about Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that its indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.
刚才你读到的关于戴白帽的老妪的说法都是真的。但是经过专家小组对这幅画彻底的检查，最近确定这幅画确实是伦勃朗的作品。原因如下：
First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasnt part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.
首先是皮草领子。专家小组用X光检查并分析了画上的颜料，发现这个皮草领子不是原画作的组成部分。这个皮草领子是在成画后一百年之后直接画在原画上面的。这么做的目的是什么呢？可能是有人想让这幅画看起来像是一个贵族女子的正式画像，以为这样可以提高画的价值。
Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original painting could be seen. In the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminated part of the womans face. Thats why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we could expect from Rembrandt.
第二，所谓的光影问题。只要把这个后加上来的皮草领子移除，我们就能看到原画。在原画上，这个女人穿的是一个有这单领的浅色袍子。这个带领子的浅色袍子能够把光反射到女人的脸上。这是为什么这个女人的脸上没有呈现出半明半暗的状态。所以呢，原画上的光影是具备伦勃朗应该具有的写实风格的。
Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his Self-portrait with a Hat.
最后，木板的问题。研究发现，在加上皮草领子的同时，木板也是被认为的增大了。有人在原画的上边和侧面粘上了木板，以期望可以使这幅画看起来更大和更贵重。所以这幅话最初是画在一个单块木板上的，这样就符合我们对伦勃朗风格的期待了。同时，研究人员发现这幅戴白帽的老妪上所使用的木材同伦勃朗的另一幅画所使用的木板来自同一颗树。这幅画是他的戴帽子的自画像，这一点更有力地说明了这幅画是伦勃朗所作。
文章结构：
第一段：要表达的内容有：passage认为这幅画不是伦勃朗所作；lecture部分认可passage部分说陈述的事实，但是这幅画确实是伦勃朗的作品。
第二段：passage指出这幅画作的人物的衣着不协调，而这不是伦勃朗的风格（具体说存在的不协调）。Lecture部分说这个别扭的领子是后人加上去的，其目的是提高这幅画的价值。（要谈到目的）
第三段：passage指出这幅画作上光影有问题（具体说存在的问题）。Lecture对这个问题做了解释，是由于深色的皮草领子造成的，如果移除之后可以发现原画衣着的颜色是可以在脸上造成相同的光影效果的。
第四段：passage指出这幅画是几块木板拼接的（要说明这不是伦勃朗的风格）。Lecture部分分了两点来支持自己的观点。首先，原画是单块木板的，拼接是后人加上去的，其目的是提高价值。其次，这幅画同伦勃朗的戴帽子的自画像是源自同一棵树的。
TIP：这篇文章在成文的过程中不可避免的要对passage部分进行一定的转述，仅仅写TS是不够的。这是因为这些要转述的细节是lecture反驳的基础，如果回避了，就无法逻辑清晰了，因为会给读者天外飞仙之感。在成文的过程中，lecture部分的细节是重中之重，一定要把那些回答why的内容体现出来。这就是为什么要求精听了。听了个大概，然后开始猜细节，这样的结果只有一种，那就是死的很惨。所以，不要随便说自己听懂了，如果试着一句一句的听写出来，或者仔细看看lecture部分的文本，是很容易发现自己漏掉了一些好像很小但是却很重要的部分。
阅读材料：
Rembrandt is the most famous of the seventeenth-century Dutch painters. However, there are doubts whether some paintings attributed to Rembrandt were actually painted by him. One such painting is known as attributed to Rembrandt because of its style, and indeed the representation of the womans face is very much like that of portraits known to be by Rembrandt. But there are problems with the painting that suggest it could not be a work by Rembrandt.
伦勃朗是十七世纪荷兰最富盛名的画家。然后，对于有些画作是否确实出自他手却是颇有争议的。有一副有争议的画归于伦勃朗名下是因为其风格属于伦勃朗，同时画上女子的面庞也同伦勃朗其他画作中的人物非常类似的。然而，这幅画中存在的一些问题却表明这幅画不是伦勃朗的作品。
First, there is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed. She is wearing a white linen cap of a kind that only servants would wear-yet the coat she is wearing has a luxurious fur collar that no servant could afford. Rembrandt, who was known for his attention to the details of his subjects clothing, would not have been guilty of such an inconsistency.
首先，这幅画上的一个问题就是画中女子的衣着有些不协调。她带着一个白色的亚麻帽子，这是一种仆人才会戴的帽子。但是穿的衣服却有一个奢华的皮草领子，这样的衣服是仆人阶层所不能承受的。以关注作品服饰细节著称的伦勃朗是不会在作品中发这样的错误的。
Second, Rembrandt was a master of painting light and shadow, but in this painting these elements do not fit together. The face appears to be illuminated by light reflected onto it from below. But below the face is the dark fur collar, which would absorb light rather than reflect it. So the face should appear partially in shadow-which is not how it appears. Rembrandt would never have made such an error.
第二，伦勃朗是光影大师，但是在这幅作品中光影却是不协调的。人物的面庞被来自下面的光照亮了，但是面部下面却是深色的皮草领子。这个深色的皮草领子应该是吸光而不是反光的，所以面部应该呈现的是半明半暗的状态，而不是全部都是亮的。伦勃朗是绝不会犯这样的错误的。
Finally, examination of the back of the painting reveals that it was painted on a panel made of several pieces of wood glued together. Although Rembrandt often painted on wood panels, no painting known to be by Rembrandt uses a panel glued together in this way from several pieces of wood.
最后，对于画作背侧的检查发现这幅画的木板是有几块木头粘在一起的。尽管伦勃朗常常会在木板上作画，但是尚未发现伦勃朗使用几块拼接的木板作画。
For these reason the painting was removed from the official catalog of Rembrandts paintings in the 1930s.
因为上述原因，这幅画在1930年代从伦勃朗的官方画作目录中移除了。
阅读部分需要提取的观点是：
Main point: The painting is not a work by Rembrandt.
Sub point 1: There is something inconsistent about the way the woman in the portrait is dressed.
Sub point 2: Light and shadow do not fit together.
Sub point 3: Panel made of several pieces of wood glued together which is never done by Rembrandt.
观点抽出方法：
这篇文章的阅读部分可以说是非常和谐的，无论是main point还是sub points都是非常清晰明了的。
但是需要注意的是这篇文章段内展开是需要仔细看的。很多的时候大家都认为只要知道point就够了，其他的就听就行了。但是，三分钟的时间我们真的足够可以把这篇文章仔细看完，甚至做好笔记。如果你听力足够好，不看可以，但是什么样才是足够好呢？听力部分TPO满分算吗？答：不算。听力部分是泛听，还有题目和套路去辅助你。但是综合写作部分就没有这么好，这么慢的速度，这么短的文章，怎么可能听个大概就放过你们呢？
如果阅读部分的展开是基于事实的，那么一定一定要认真看，对于我们听力部分有很好的促进作用。事实是不能被反驳的，有黑色的领子是不会变的，光影不协调是不会变的，拼接木版是不会变的。那么在听力部分只能是基于这些事实进行explanation。这样，谈的话题都会是离不开阅读部分的细节的。不看的话就以为这你要在听力的时候记相当多的内容。
听力部分有人问要不要记笔记。如果你是个正常人，不是超长的，那么就要记。因为不是听个大概就可以了，要有细节和reasoning，正常人是记不住的。
很奇怪吗？lecture部分也有reasoning？当然，你要反驳一个观点，没有推理怎么可以？不是你堆砌听到内容就可以了，写出的文章要经得起问why。
在听力部分，我们可以猜到的是这幅画还是伦勃朗的画作。但是passage部分的理由都是基于事实且非常充分。看来，无论怎样，这些细节都是lecture部分绕不过去滴。
Everything you just read about Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is true, and yet after a thorough re-examination of the painting, a panel of experts has recently concluded that its indeed a work by Rembrandt. Here is why.
刚才你读到的关于戴白帽的老妪的说法都是真的。但是经过专家小组对这幅画彻底的检查，最近确定这幅画确实是伦勃朗的作品。原因如下：
First, the fur collar. X-rays and analysis of the pigments in the paint have shown that the fur collar wasnt part of the original painting. The fur collar was painted over the top of the original painting about a hundred years after the painting was made. Why? Someone probably wanted to increase the value of the painting by making it look like a formal portrait of an aristocratic lady.
首先是皮草领子。专家小组用X光检查并分析了画上的颜料，发现这个皮草领子不是原画作的组成部分。这个皮草领子是在成画后一百年之后直接画在原画上面的。这么做的目的是什么呢？可能是有人想让这幅画看起来像是一个贵族女子的正式画像，以为这样可以提高画的价值。
Second, the supposed error with light and shadow. Once the paint of the added fur color was removed, the original painting could be seen. In the original painting, the woman is wearing a simple collar of light-colored cloth. The light-colored cloth of this collar reflects light that illuminated part of the womans face. Thats why the face is not in partial shadow. So in the original painting, light and shadow are very realistic and just what we could expect from Rembrandt.
第二，所谓的光影问题。只要把这个后加上来的皮草领子移除，我们就能看到原画。在原画上，这个女人穿的是一个有这单领的浅色袍子。这个带领子的浅色袍子能够把光反射到女人的脸上。这是为什么这个女人的脸上没有呈现出半明半暗的状态。所以呢，原画上的光影是具备伦勃朗应该具有的写实风格的。
Finally, the wood panel. It turns out that when the fur collar was added, the wood panel was also enlarged with extra wood pieces glued to the sides and the top to make the painting more grand and more valuable. So the original painting is actually painted on a single piece of wood, as would be expected from a Rembrandt painting. And in fact, researchers have found that the piece of wood in the original form of Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet is from the very same tree as the wood panel used for another painting by Rembrandt, his Self-portrait with a Hat.
最后，木板的问题。研究发现，在加上皮草领子的同时，木板也是被认为的增大了。有人在原画的上边和侧面粘上了木板，以期望可以使这幅画看起来更大和更贵重。所以这幅话最初是画在一个单块木板上的，这样就符合我们对伦勃朗风格的期待了。同时，研究人员发现这幅戴白帽的老妪上所使用的木材同伦勃朗的另一幅画所使用的木板来自同一颗树。这幅画是他的戴帽子的自画像，这一点更有力地说明了这幅画是伦勃朗所作。
文章结构：
第一段：要表达的内容有：passage认为这幅画不是伦勃朗所作；lecture部分认可passage部分说陈述的事实，但是这幅画确实是伦勃朗的作品。
第二段：passage指出这幅画作的人物的衣着不协调，而这不是伦勃朗的风格（具体说存在的不协调）。Lecture部分说这个别扭的领子是后人加上去的，其目的是提高这幅画的价值。（要谈到目的）
第三段：passage指出这幅画作上光影有问题（具体说存在的问题）。Lecture对这个问题做了解释，是由于深色的皮草领子造成的，如果移除之后可以发现原画衣着的颜色是可以在脸上造成相同的光影效果的。
第四段：passage指出这幅画是几块木板拼接的（要说明这不是伦勃朗的风格）。Lecture部分分了两点来支持自己的观点。首先，原画是单块木板的，拼接是后人加上去的，其目的是提高价值。其次，这幅画同伦勃朗的戴帽子的自画像是源自同一棵树的。
TIP：这篇文章在成文的过程中不可避免的要对passage部分进行一定的转述，仅仅写TS是不够的。这是因为这些要转述的细节是lecture反驳的基础，如果回避了，就无法逻辑清晰了，因为会给读者天外飞仙之感。在成文的过程中，lecture部分的细节是重中之重，一定要把那些回答why的内容体现出来。这就是为什么要求精听了。听了个大概，然后开始猜细节，这样的结果只有一种，那就是死的很惨。所以，不要随便说自己听懂了，如果试着一句一句的听写出来，或者仔细看看lecture部分的文本，是很容易发现自己漏掉了一些好像很小但是却很重要的部分。
