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It is widely believed that robots will star(担任主角) in human’s future life. But how soon will it be before robots become so intelligent that they will be able to do things, such as teaching languages or looking after patients in hospital? Some experts believe this will happen within twenty years while others disagree.
One London company, UAS(University Automated Systems) has already developed machines that can be used as “home helps” for old people unable to look after themselves and those who are living on their own or in special homes. These machines can now do such things as cooking eggs and cleaning the floor, and the company says that future models still accept simple voice instructions and can be controlled by a “brain” that is the equivalent (替代品) of the latest IBM microcomputer. The director of UAS, Mr Henry Jeffries, believes that in the next five to ten years companies will have developed even more sophisticated (复杂的) robots for use in industry. By that time, it is likely that they will also have begun to sell new forms of these machines into ordinary homes. Robots could do a wide range of household tasks, such as preparing meals, washing dishes, cleaning the house and so on. By then, the price of such machines may have come down to as little as $1,000.
But Dr Sandra Lomax, who has done research into artificial intelligence at Sussex University and MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), believes we have a long way to go before we can develop truly intelligent machines.
Preparing an omelet (煎蛋) may seem easy enough. But suppose one of the eggs has gone bad, even the most “intelligent” robot would probably still use it. If something slightly unusual needs doing something that requires even a little of ordinary human imagination, a robot is useless. They need programming for even the simplest of tasks and are not able to learn from experience. And teaching a robot how to recognize a bad egg is more difficult than teaching it to prepare the omelet, Dr Sandra Lomax says.
21. A London company called UAS has already developed a machine which________.
A. can teach languages and care for the patients in hospital
B. can help old people do certain jobs in the house
C. is controlled by microcomputer “brain”
D. can accept simple voice instructions
22. The director of UAS believes that in the next five to ten years new forms of machines will________.
A. be able to “think” with their own brains and do anything with imagination
B. cost less than $1,000
C. be used more in ordinary homes than in industry
D. do more housework
23. Dr Sandra Lomax thinks that________.
A. no robot will ever be able to prepare an omelet
B. a robot will soon be able to do unusual housework people can’t do
C. we can program a robot to learn from experience
D. making an omelet is easier for a robot than recognizing a bad egg
BDD
Tea, the most important of English drinks, is a relative latecomer to British shores. Although the custom of drinking tea dates back to the third millennium BC in China, it was not until the mid 17th century that tea first appeared in England.
Afternoon tea was introduced in England by Anna, the seventh Duchess of Bedford, in the year 1840. The Duchess would become hungry around four o’clock in the afternoon. The evening meal in her household was served fashionably late at eight o’clock, thus leaving a long period of time between lunch and dinner. The Duchess asked her servant to bring a tray of tea, bread, butter and cake to her room during the late afternoon. This became a habit of hers and she began inviting friends to join her.
This pause for tea became a fashionable social event. During the 1880s upper class and society women would change into long gowns, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea which was usually served in the drawing room between four and five o’clock.
Traditional afternoon tea consists of a selection of dainty sandwiches，scones served with cream and jams. Cakes and pastries are also served. Tea grown in India or Ceylon is poured from silver teapots into delicate bone china cups. Nowadays, however, in the average suburban home, afternoon tea is likely to be just a biscuit or small cake and a mug of tea, usually produced using a teabag.
24. Afternoon tea was introduced in England in________.
A. 1880 B. the mid 17th century C. 1840 D. 19th century
25. Traditional afternoon tea is made up of________.
A. Sandwiches, scones as well as cakes and pastries
B. a biscuit or small cake and a mug of tea
C. a tray of tea, bread, butter and cake
D. a selection of dainty sandwiches
26. According to the passage, we can learn that________.
A. tea appeared in England much earlier than in China
B. the reason why the Duchess was hungry at 4 pm is that dinner time came quite late
C. in the suburban home，afternoon tea is also served in a dainty way
D. tea grown in India is poured from china teapots into delicate bone silver cups
27. The title of the passage is________.
A. Afternoon tea, a very British tradition
B. Tea, the most important of England drinks
C. Anna, a person introducing afternoon tea to England
D. Anna, the seventh Duchess of Bedford
CABA
Hypothermia, which means a state in which the body's temperature is below 35.0 °C, is the cause of at least 1500 deaths a year in the United States. It is more common in older people and males. Hypothermia can be mild, moderate or severe. Mild hypothermia is something that most people in cold climates have experienced at one time or another. You feel so cold that your body starts to shake -- not very much, but uncontrollably.
The treatment for mild hypothermia starts with getting out of the cold and, if necessary, changing into dry clothes. Drinking warm, non-alcoholic liquids and eating something sugary can stop the shivering.
Taking a warm bath or sitting by a fire or doing some exercise can also help the body warm up. These are all common-sense treatments.
But treatment needs to change when people enter the moderate or severe stages of hypothermia. In that situation, their body temperature drops below thirty-five degrees Celsius. They lose the ability to think clearly. Their muscles become stiff. They might bump into things or fall over objects.
Members of search-and-rescue teams will first try to prevent additional heat loss. They will place extra covering around the chest, head and neck of hypothermia victims to keep them warm.
Hypothermia victims need medical help as soon as possible. Working quickly to get people out of the cold is important. However, hypothermia victims must be moved slowly and gently.
Any rough or sudden movement can force cold blood from the arms, legs and hands deep into the warmer middle of the body. This sudden flow of cold blood can create shock, a serious condition. It can also cause an abnormal heartbeat. Members of search-and-rescue teams have a saying that hypothermia victims are not dead until they are warm and dead. The process of “rewarming” a person needs to be done slowly, in a hospital setting.
An extremely low body temperature can cause the heart to beat so slowly that a pulse may be difficult to find. In other words, a person who is suffering from the effects of severe cold may seem dead, but still be alive.
28. According to the text, when a person experience mild hypothermia, _____.
A. He feels cold so he shakes deliberately.
B. He can drink some wine to stop the shaking.
C. Some common treatments can help him recover.
D. He should be sent to the hospital immediately.
29. Which of the following expression can take the place of the underlined words?
A. knock into B. break into C. look into D. get into
30. When people enter the moderate or severe stages of hypothermia, which of the following statement is WRONG? _________
A. Their body temperature drops below 35℃.
B. The rescue workers should first help them warm slowly and gently in a proper situation.
C. If hypothermia isn’t treated correctly, the victim’s heart may not beat normally.
D. Hypothermia victims seem alive but dead.
31. What’s the best title for the text? ________.
A. Different kinds of hypothermia B. Medical help is important in treating hypothermia
C. Emergency treatment for different types of hypothermia.
D. How to avoid cold-weather injuries.
CADC
Gene Technology to Benefit People
Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.
The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span (寿命) can be prolonged.
Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial family being a good example, have hereditary diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientists just need to find the wrong gene and correct it, and a healthy child will be born.
Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal ways. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.
32. What do the underlined words “these two killers” refer to?
A. Gene technology. B. Cancer and heart disease.
C. Hereditary diseases and cancer. D. The couple who have cloned babies.
33. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A. Gene technology can do with hereditary diseases.
B. Gene technology can be used to clone human babies.
C. Gene technology can help people to give birth to a baby.
D. Gene technology can help the English imperial family out.
34. In what way can gene technology help to treat hereditary diseases?
A. People with hereditary diseases can live longer.
B. Scientists find the wrong gene and correct it.
C. Cancer and heart disease can be cured.
D. Human babies can be cloned.
35. What is the main purpose of the author’s writing this passage?
A. To talk about the advantages of gene technology.
B. To explain that gene technology will also do harm to the humanity.
C. To tell the readers that gene technology will not benefit people.
D. To describe how gene technology will benefit people.
BABD
Recently some American scientists have given a piece of useful advice to people in industrialized nations. They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago. 36
The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 37 So they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. 38 However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.
Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. 39 We eat six times more salt than our ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
40 But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
A. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
B. People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.
C. Ancient people also lived in large groups.
D. But today, we eat a lot of these.
E. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.
F. In that case, they would live much healthier.
G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago.
FAEDB
When I was very young, my family left from Cuba and lived in Chicago. We lived together with other Cubans speaking Spanish.
I’d been looking forward to school. However, the first day was a 41 shock. I came home and told my mum I’d learned my first English word: 42 . It was the nickname a boy had given me. In every way possible, I was 43 from my classmates. I was the only student who couldn’t communicate in English.
44 , one person made that year bearable for me—my teacher, Mrs. Collins. She was a young African American. 45 , she understood how I felt as the only nonwhite kid and helped me a lot.
Still, the 46 continued. The boy who called me stupid always laughed at my accent. He was the proud 47 of our class’s reading award. It was a(n) 48 given to a student, based on excellence in schoolwork. I wanted that award.
Because Mrs. Collins cheered me on, I gained 49 and language skills. By midyear, I was well on my way to speaking English 50 and had a good grasp on reading. 51 the approach of the award ceremony, I worked as hard as I could. The day 52 came, and I was so nervous.
When Mrs. Collins 53 me as the winner, it was my proudest moment. My winning caused a mini uproar(骚动). The mother of the boy who teased me 54 that the only non-native English speaker had taken the prize from her son. But in her 55 , gentle way, Mrs. Collins stood her ground. It was an excellent lesson about fairness and never 56 .
From then on, I worked even harder in school, earning “A”s. As I began enjoying 57 as a singer years later, I always 58 Mrs. Collins in interviews when asked about people who had 59 me. I can’t tell you how many times the spirit has guided me through 60 in my life.
41. A. small B. little C. complete D. few
42. A. dirty B. stupid C. honest D. proud
43. A. set apart B. set up C. set down D. set about
44. A. Surprisingly B. Happily C. Fortunately D. Wonderfully
45. A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Anyhow
46. A. smiling B. teasing C. crying D. singing
47. A. holder B. follower C. supporter D. carrier
48. A. gift B. treasure C. honor D. responsibility
49. A. patience B. respect C. pride D. confidence
