【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
语法专题二 动词的时态和语态
动词的时态分为三时四体。三时指现在、过去和将来；四体指一般、进行、完成和完成进行。常考时态为一般过去时、一般现在时、一般将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时、将来进行时、过去完成时、现在完成时和将来完成时等。动词的语态分为两种：主动语态和被动语态。
考点一 一般现在时
1．表示一个习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态。
He always comes first.
2．表示永恒的状态或真理。
The moon moves around the sun once every month.
3．在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时，而不用将来时态。
We'll stay at home if it rains.
4．动词go，come，start，begin，leave，arrive，return，be等的一般现在时，可用来代替将来时，表示事先已计划或安排好的将要发生的动作或状态。
The live football match starts at 9 o'clock this evening.
5．时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
The train leaves at 8 o'clock.
考点二 一般将来时
1．be going to表示说话者明确的打算或确信会发生，多用于口语。
1）表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事。
I'm going to buy a new bike.
2）表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
2．be to表示安排好要发生或命令做什么。
1）表示预先安排好的计划或约定。
I am to meet Tom this evening.
2）表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。
We are to take care of the children.
3）表示注定要发生的事情。
Her plan is to be a failure.
3．be about to 表示一个眼下就要发生的动作，不与具体的时间状语连用，可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。
They were about to leave when their parents came.
4．will 多表示说话时才做出的决定。be going to 表示事先经过考虑或做好安排的将来。
—You have left the light on.
—Oh，so I have.I will go and turn it off.
考点三 现在进行时
1．go，come，leave，arrive，return，stop，start，begin等动词的现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
I am meeting my teacher tonight.
2．与always，constantly，forever，continually，all the time等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩，表示不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感情色彩。
Tom is always coming late.
3．下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
1）表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。
2）表存在的状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to，depend on等。
3）表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。
4）感官动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。
考点四 过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已发生的动作，也可以表示从过去某一时间开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去的另一时间，即“过去的过去”。
When Jack arrived，Mary had been out for almost an hour.
2．表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped/planned...＋to have done。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card，but I forgot to do so.
考点五 现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时是由“have/has been＋现在分词”构成，用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继续下去）的动作，它具备“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩”等特点。
He has been teaching in our school for 5 years.（强调动作现在还在进行）
It has been raining for 2 days.（表达说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩）
考点六 几组时态的区别
1．一般过去时与现在完成时。
时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago，last year，just now，the other day等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
I came to Beijing last year，and have been here since then.
2．一般过去时与过去完成时。
这两个时态都和现在没有关系，都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作；而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间，更早发生的动作，发生在“过去的过去”，即过去完成时至少涉及两个过去的动作。
When I got to the party，many of them had left for home.
3．一般过去时与过去进行时。
尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去，但一般过去时着重强调过去的动作，表示已经结束。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一点时间上，一个动作正在进行，有什么样的结果不得而知。
He wrote three letters last night.（表示他写了三封信，暗指都已写完。）
He was writing a letter at 9：00 last night.（表示当时他在写信，后来是否写完就未知了。）
4．现在完成时与现在完成进行时。
1）现在完成时强调的是动作已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作仍在继续，强调动作的持续性。
I have painted my new house.（强调已完成）
I have been painting my new house.（强调动作还在继续）
2）现在完成进行时可以表示动作的反复，现在完成时一般不表示反复性。
Have you been meeting our teacher these days？（强调动作的反复）
Have you met our teacher recently？（强调结果）
考点七 固定结构中的时态
1．hardly/scarcely...when...，no sooner...than...句型中，主句中用过去完成时，从句中用一般过去时。
No sooner had he rushed out than the house fell down.
2．since，in the last/past＋一段时间，so far，recently常与现在完成时搭配。
Great changes have taken place in the last few years.
3．This/That/It is/was the first/second...time＋that从句，若主句中为is，则从句时态用现在完成时，若为was，则从句时态用过去完成时。
It was the second time that I had visited Shanghai.
4．“by＋时间状语”要与完成时搭配使用。
You will have learned about 3,000 words by the next month.
考点八 主动语态表示被动意义
1．表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove，appear等构成的系表结构。
The soup smells good but tastes terrible.
2．表示主语某种属性、特征的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，wear，shut，dry等。
This kind of material washes easily.
3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run等。
The shop closes at 6 p．m.every day.
考点九 动词的被动语态
被动语态说明主语和谓语之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，也就是动作的对象，所以只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成。
In some parts of the world，tea is served with milk and sugar.
1．“be＋过去分词＋不定式”构成的被动结构。
He is reported to have broken a world record.
2．“It＋be＋过去分词＋从句”式的被动结构。
It's said that they have discovered a new star. 3．“get＋done”构成的被动结构。
get married 结婚；get hurt受伤；get lost迷路；get caught/stuck/trapped被困
1．（2024·课标全国高考）“Life is like walking in the snow，”Granny used to say，“because every step ______.”
A．has shown B．is showing
C．shows
D．showed
2．（2024·课标全国高考）I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ______ before my eyes.
A．swim
B．swum
C．swam
D．had swum
3．（2024·全国高考Ⅱ）—Did you ask Sophia for help?
—I ______ need to—I managed perfectly well on my own.
A．wouldn't
B．don't
C．didn't
D．won't
4．（2024·全国高考Ⅱ）The manager ______ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.
A．has told
B．is telling
C．has been telling
D．will have told
5．（2024·北京高考）By the time you have finished this book，your meal ______ cold.
A．gets
B．has got
C．will get
D．is getting
6．（2024·北京高考）George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he ______.
A．wouldn't
B．didn't
C．hasn't
D．hadn't
7．（2024·北京高考）— Have you heard about that fire in the market?
— Yes，fortunately no one ______.
A．hurt
B．was hurt
C．has hurt
D．had been hurt
8．（2024·北京高考）Our friendship ______ quickly over the weeks that followed.
A．had developed
B．was developing
C．would develop
D．developed
9．（2024·天津高考）The letters for the boss ______ on his desk but he didn't read them until three days later.
A．were put
B．was put
C．put
D．has put10．（2024·天津高考）The three of us ______ around Europe for about a month last summer.
A．travelled
B．have travelled
C．had travelled
D．travel
11．（2024·上海高考）Is honesty the best policy？We ______ that it is when we are little.
A．will teach
B．teach
C．are taught
D．will be taught
12．（2024·上海高考）—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.
—I know.By next month，he ______ enough for a used one.
A．will have saved
B．will be saving
C．has saved
D．saves
13．（2024·重庆高考）— Kevin，you look worried.Anything wrong?
— Well，I ______ a test and I'm waiting for the result.
A．will take
B．took
C．had taken
D．take
14．（2024·浙江高考）—Alvin，are you coming with us?
—I'd love to，but something unexpected ______.
A．has come up
B．was coming up
C．had come up
D．would come up
15．（2024·安徽高考）In order to find the missing child，villagers ______ all they can over the past five hours.
A．did
B．do
C．had done
D．have been doing
16．（2024·安徽高考）Walmart，which is one of the largest American supermarket chains，______ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.
A．keeps
B．keep
C．have kept
D．had kept
17．（2024·安徽高考）After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading，only to be told that it ______.
A．was decorated
B．had decorated
C．had been decorating
D．was being decorated
18．（2024·福建高考）—When did the computer crash?
—This morning，while I ______ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A．have sorted
B．was sorting
C．am sorting
D．had sorted
19．（2024·湖南高考）Don't worry.The hard work that you do now ______ later in life.
A．will be repaid
B．was being repaid
C．has been repaid
D．was repaid
20．（2024·湖南高考）Close the door of fear behind you，and you ______ the door of faith open before you.
A．saw
B．have seen
C．will see
D．are seeing
21．（2024·湖南高考）“The moment ______ soon，”he thought to himself，waiting nervously.
A．came
B．has comeC．was coming
D．is coming
22．（2024·江苏高考）The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ______ some European business partners.
A．would meet
B．is meetingC．meets
D．had met
23．（2024·湖南高考）—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
—Sorry，I ______ the piano for years.
A．don't play
B．wasn't playing
C．haven't played
D．hadn't played
24．（2024·江苏高考）The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he ______.
A．has started
B．starts
C．started
D．will start
25．（2024·江西高考）—Look！Somebody ______ the sofa.
—Well，it wasn't me.I didn't do it.
A．is cleaning
B．was cleaning
C．has cleaned
D．had cleaned
26．（2024·辽宁高考）I feel so excited！At this time tomorrow morning I ______ to Shanghai.
A．will be flying
B．will fly
C．have been flying
D．have flown
27．（2024·辽宁高考）Mum，I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I ______ on Friday.
