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2024年高考第二轮复习英语山东版
三、形容词和副词
真题试做
1.(2024山东高考,33)Be ______—you can't expect me to finish all his work in so little time.
A.reasonable
B.confident
C.creative
D.grateful
2.(2010山东高考,35)Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ______ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A.heavy
B.smooth
C.flexible
D.complex
3.(2009山东高考,35)Mary and I see each other ______,but not as often as we used to.
A.sooner or later
B.once in a while
C.in the end
D.more or less
考向分析
1.考查在具体的语境中形容词和副词的词义辨析,要求考生结合句意和上下文语境作出最佳选择。
2.考查形容词、副词的比较等级。尤其注意含蓄比较和比较句型中采用的省略形式,分清比较的范围。
3.考查比较级的修饰语。包括比较句型中倍数和名词作状语时的位置,以及哪些副词或短语能够修饰比较级,哪些不能。
4.考查形容词和副词的基本用法。包括形容词作定语、表语、补语和副词在句中作状语,以及习惯搭配问题。
5.多个形容词作定语描述人或事物时,词序的安排是一个难题,在高考单项填空题中时有出现。
热点例析
考点一:形容词和副词的基本用法
1.形容词在句中的作用。
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语和补语。
(2)形容词在句中也可作状语,用来表示主语所处的状态。
He was lying in bed,dead.
(3)alone/afraid/asleep/awake/alive/ashamed/ill/well(身体好)等常用作表语而不用作定语。如:
He is an ill man.(错)
The man is ill.(对)
She is an afraid girl.(错)
The girl is afraid.(对)
(4)twoyearold/200metrelong/oneeyed等复合形容词中的名词要用单数,一般只用作前置定语。如:
Tom is a twoyearold boy.
2.副词在句中的作用。
副词在句中一般用作状语,修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,也可修饰整个句子。如:
Obviously you are wrong.
【典例分析】 (2024四川高考,16)I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won't make ______ difference to me.
A.that a big
B.a that big
C.big a that
D.that big a
答案为D项。that在此句中是副词,相当于so的用法,修饰形容词big。例如:“如此可爱的一个女孩”可表达为that lovely a girl,故选D项。句意:我每周赚2000美元,60美元对我而言根本没有关系。
考点二:形容词和副词的词义辨析
词义辨析是高考对形容词、副词考查的一大热点。解答此类题的关键是要分析具体的语境,结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。
从近几年全国及各省市高考试题来看,考查频率最高的形容词和副词有even,interested,interesting,yet,hardly,just,therefore,though,too,very,common,effective,either,ever,fair,however,less,more,nearly,only,purposefully,rather,still,such,surprised,surprising等。
【典例分析】 (2024浙江高考,10)The research lacks ______ evidence,and therefore,its conclusions are doubtful.
A.solid
B.fierce
C.severe
D.potential
答案为A项。句意:这项研究缺乏可靠的证据,因此,其结论是令人怀疑的。solid意为“可靠的,可信赖的”;fierce意为“强烈的,极度的”;severe意为“非常的,严重的”;potential意为“潜在的,可能的”。
(2024天津高考,4)The dog may be a good companion for the old.______,the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.
A.Besides
B.However
C.Therefore
D.Instead
答案为B项。句意:狗对老年人来说可能是一个好伙伴,然而,需要带它散步可能就是一个不好之处。besides意为“此外,而且”;however意为“然而”;therefore意为“因此”;instead意为“相反,代替”。
考点三:形容词和副词的比较等级
1.对两者进行同等程度的比较用“as+原级+as”句型。当as...as 中间有名词时采用“as+形容词+a+单数名词+as”和“as+many/much+名词+as”的形式。如:
This is as good an example as the other is.
2.对两者进行不同程度的比较用“not as/so+原级+as”句型。如:
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
3.表示前者的程度超过后者时用“比较级+than”句型。如:
Tom works harder than Peter.
He is more diligent than his brother.
4.表示前者的程度不如后者时用“less+原级+than”句型。如:
This book is less interesting than that one.
5.“比较级+and+比较级”可用来表示“越来越……”。如:
It is becoming colder and colder.
6.“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”。如:
The busier he is,the happier he feels.
7.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则。如:
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
The population of Shanghai is larger than Beijing.(错)
8.要避免重复使用比较级。如:
He is more clever/cleverer than his brother.(对)
He is more cleverer than his brother.(错)
He is less taller than I.(错)
9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
China is larger than any other country in Asia./any country in Africa.(对)
China is larger than any country in Asia.(错)
【典例分析】 (2024课标全国高考,26)The result is not very important to us,but if we do win,then so much ______.
A.the best
B.best
C.better
D.the better
答案为D项。在该题but后的分句中,if引导条件状语从句,主句为省略形式,根据句意判断是对赢和输两种情况进行比较,应用比较级形式,可排除A、B项;so much the better为固定短语,意为“那就更好了”。 句意:这结果对我们来说不很重要,但如果我们真的赢了,那就太好了。
(2024全国高考,13)Next to biology,I like physics ______.
A.better
B.best
C.the better
D.very well
答案为B项。句意:除了生物,我最喜欢物理。注意本题易误选A项,其实此处并不是把生物和物理作比较,而是把物理与除生物之外的其他学科作比较,故选B项。
考点四:比较级和最高级前的状语
1.比较级前常用表示程度的副词(短语)作状语,常见的有much/a lot/a great deal/a bit/a little/still/even/far/rather等,但是very/quite/fairly一般不用来修饰比较级。如:
Yao Ming is much/a lot/a great deal taller than I.
2.比较级前还常用名词、数词和倍数作状语。如:
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
The river is three times as long as that one.
3.最高级常用by far/much或序数词作状语。如:
The population of China is by far the largest in the world.
Africa is the second largest continent.
【典例分析】 (2024课标全国高考,29)This restaurant wasn't______that other restaurant we went to.
A.half as good as
B.as half good as
C.as good as half
D.good as half as
答案为A项。如果表示两个饭店一样好,应用as good as,在比较句型中,程度状语应放在第一个as或比较级之前,所以答案为A项。
考点五:形容词作定语时的位置
1.通常置于所修饰的词之前,但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如:
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2.else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如:
No one else can answer the question.
3.多个形容词作定语时的词序为:大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如:
an expensive Japanese sports car,those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
【典例分析】 One day they crossed the ______ bridge behind the palace.
A.old Chinese stone
B.Chinese old stone
C.old stone Chinese
D.Chinese stone old
答案为A项。多个形容词作定语修饰一个名词时,排列的顺序为:大小、年龄、形状、颜色、来源、国籍、质地、用途。
考点六:比较级的否定
1.not用来否定比较级时,只陈述客观事实。如:
Yi Jianlian is not taller than Yao Ming.
2.no用来否定比较级时,往往带有感情色彩,对比较的两者都否定。如:
The patient is no better than he was yesterday.
病人没有比昨天好转。
Sunlight is no less necessary than fresh air to a healthy body.日光和新鲜空气对身体健康是同样必不可少的。
3.“否定词+不定冠词+形容词的比较级+名词”或“否定词+比较级”表示“从未……,未曾……”,常常表达最高级的意义。如:
This film is very moving.I have never seen a better one.
这部电影很感人,我从没有看过一部比它更好的。
【典例分析】 (2011四川高考,12)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
—I've never had ______ one before.
A.a pleasant
B.a more pleasant
C.a most pleasant
D.the most pleasant
答案为B项。句意:——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样?——从来没有这么愉快过。否定词never与a more pleasant连用,表示“非常愉快”,相当于最高级含义。the most pleasant是特指,需要有比较的范围,但是这个范围并不存在,因此D项错误。
误区警示
1.形容词或副词的辨析易错点
(2024福建高考,32)—Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?
—Sorry.I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still ______.
A.available
B.affordable
C.acceptable
D.valuable
【错混透析】A available意为“可得到的,可找到的”;affordable意为“负担得起,支付得起”;acceptable意为“可以接受的”;valuable意为“有价值的”。句意:——你能借给我《飘》那本书吗?——对不起。我刚才把它还给图书馆了。也许还能借到它。该题错选的原因要么是词汇量不够,要么是对句意理解不清。
(2024辽宁高考,22)We used to see each other
______,but I haven't heard from him since last year.
A.especially
B.regularly
C.particularly
D.approximately
【错混透析】B 句意:我们以前经常见面,但自从去年就没有收到他的来信了。especially意为“尤其,特别”;regularly意为“规则地,定期地”;particularly意为“特别地”;approximately意为“大约地”。根据句意可知B项正确。
【解题指导】
做这类题目时,有一定的词汇储备是基本条件。在掌握了各选项的词义的基础上,结合具体的语境,再通过对句意的理解,做出最恰当的选择。
2.比较级、最高级的范围易错点
(2011全国高考,17)Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a ______ boss.
A.better
B.good
C.best
D.still better
【错混透析】 A 该题易误选C项或D项。句意:为史蒂文森先生工作真好,我实在找不到比他更好的老板了。该句实际是把其他老板与史蒂文森先生进行两者间的比较,否定词couldn't与better连用,表达最高级含义。
【解题指导】
考查比较级和最高级的题目,分清比较的范围是关键:
(1)两个事物进行比较应用比较级,三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。做题时既要通过分析数量关系确定使用比较级还是最高级,又要注意通过句意和语境进行判断,因为很多题目并没有直接说明是几者进行比较,而是把数量隐含在句意中。
(2)若题目为省略句,应根据语境和语意寻找被比较的对象,然后确定比较的范围。
3.比较句型的易错点
(2011陕西高考,17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A.as three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times
D.as big three times as
【错混透析】 B 句意:“为下一届亚运会而正在修建的新体育馆将会是目前体育馆的三倍大。”as...as表示同等比较,当表示倍数的词作程度状语时,应放在第一个as的前面。
【解题指导】
有关比较句型的题目应注意以下几点:
(1)掌握比较级的几个热点句型:
同级比较句型:“as+原级+as”
不同级比较句型:“not as/so+原级+as”
表示一者的程度超过另一者的句型:“比较级+than”
表示一者的程度不如另一者的句型:“less+原级+than”
表示“越来越……”的句型:“比较级+and+比较级”
表示“越……,就越……”的句型:“the+比较级,the+比较级”
(2)做题时,要分析语境含义和句子结构,明确题目符合哪一种句型,要确保句型使用正确,如as...as中间是否是形容词或副词的原级、less后面是否错用了比较级等。
(3)比较级前常有副词或短语作程度状语,但very/quite/fairly不用来修饰比较级。
(4)比较句型中还常用名词、数词和倍数作状语,一定要把这些状语放在比较级前或同级比较的第一个as前。
1.(2024济南一模,13) I am leaving my ______ position because I cannot show my capabilities fully here.
A.present B.private
C.individual
D.personal
2.(2024山东泰安期末,30) A ______ identification card is required when you purchase foreign money from the Bank of China.