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* 高中英语时态讲座 英语的时态
Tenses
This lecture is about the contents of tenses.
Put the following sentences into English
(1)我正在看书.
(2)他将来.
(3)你作业做完了吗？
(1)I’m
reading a book. (2)He will come. (3)Have you finished your homework? I am reading a book. （由助动词am+动词现在分词reading构成，表示动作正在进行，构成现在进行时。） He will come. （由助动词will+动词原形come构成，表示动作将要发生，构成一般将来时。） Have you finished your homework?
(由助动词have+动词过去分词finished构成，表示动作的完成与否，构成现在完成时。） 一般现在时
( The Present Indefinite Tense) 现在进行时
(The Present Continuous Tense) 一般将来时
(The Future Indefinite Tense) 现在完成时
(The Present Perfect Tense) 一般过去时
(The Past Indefinite Tense) 过去进行时
(The Past Continuous Tense) 过去将来时
(The Past Future Tense) 过去完成时
(The Past Perfect Tense)
Now let’s analyze
each tense. 一、一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite Tense) 1、用法:
（1）表示经常反复发生的动作 Father often _______( go) to work on foot. goes （2）表示现在的状态或主语的特征 He
_____(be) busy at the moment. is （3）表示客观真理、谚语等 Trains _____(run) faster than cars. run （4）用于时间或条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。 ● We will go to the park if it _____________(not rain) tomorrow. ● We will leave for home as soon as the meeting _____(be) over tomorrow. doesn’t rain is 3、常与下列时间状语连用:
通常与表示频度（即动作发生的次数多少） 意义的副词或词组连用. For example:
always, often, usually, seldom, never, every day,
from time to time, now and then（偶而）, once a month, twice a year, at the moment, generally, etc
二、现在进行时 (The Present Continuous Tense)
1、用法： （1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。 The dog _________(run) after a cat now. is running
（2）表示一阶段正在进行的动作（但说话时不一定进行） They____________(build) the restaurant these days. are building 2、常用时间状语： now, at the moment, these years, etc. 3、须注意的问题： 1)表示赞扬或厌恶、埋怨的语气时常用现在进行时
Eg. He is always telling lies.
The young man is always helping the poor.
You are always making fun of me.
2)
某些表示感官知觉与心理状态的动词一般不用现在进行
时，而用一般现在时。
For example: see ,hear, smell, taste,think, like,hate,
want, know, have, wish, etc.
He wants to visit his grandfather now.
The dishes taste delicious.
Do you know
where he is from? 三、一般将来时 (The Future Indefinite Tense)
1.表示将来某个时刻将要发生的 动作或存在的状态。 They ________(fly) to Japan the day after tomorrow.
There _____( be )a lecture in the music hall next week. will fly 2、常与下列时间状语连用： tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week,
next year,this week, this coming Saturday,
tonight, in an hour, soon, etc.
will
be
3. 口语中大量使用be going to 结构表示 事先打算，有意图要发生的动作或客观情况 下即将要发生的动作。Will表示对将来情况 的预测
For example: Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. In the future,there are going to be many “Englishes”. I am going to see a film today. You will succeed if you work hard. Will British English disappear one day? Miss Green ___________(come) to the party
next Sunday. is coming (2) Look! The old man ________(die).
We must send him to the hospital at once. is dying 4、须注意的问题：
有些表示位置移动或状态改变的动词 （go, come, leave, arrive, die 等等）,用它 们的进行时来表示按计划安排将要发生 的动作。 四、现在完成时 (The Present Perfect Tense) 1、用法： 1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 (1)They________________(buy) a new house. （影响是他们有新房子住了） have bought (2) She___________ (lose) her ring.
（影响是她现在没有戒指） has lost 2)表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,
常与“for+时间段”或“since+时间点或从句”连用。
have learned (2) They___________ (stay) in this hotel since
last Tuesday.
have stayed
(1) We____________ (learn) English for seven years. 2、常与这些时间状语连用:
already, never, ever, yet, before, twice,this month, so far, up to now, in the past/last few years,since ,for,etc.
for ten years,for a centry等时间短语， 即for+一段时间，所在的句子常用现在完成时。
since 1980s, since I graduated, since ten years
ago等since+过去的时间，主句用现在完成时， since从句用一般过去时 ★ ★ 4、注意的问题: 1）have/has been to 与have/has gone to 区别:
have/has been to
表示“曾到过某地”，说明有过某种经历。
Have/has gone to
表示“已去某地”，在途中或已到目的地。
(1) She ______________Qindao（她已去青岛了） has gone to (2) I ____________Canada（我去过加拿大） have been to 2）瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别： 瞬问动词表示短暂不能持续一段时间的动作。 如come, go, leave, start, begin, buy, become, die等
而持续性动词表示能持续一段时间的动作。 如work, stay, live, learn 等 Tell the following sentences true or false.
I have bought the calculator for a week.
(
)
(2)I have had the calculator for a week.
(
)
F T
第一句动词buy 属于瞬间动词，瞬间动词不能 与“for + 时间段”、“since + 时间点或从句”连用， 如果要用，必须将瞬间动词改成持续性动词。 leave
die
buy
put on
borrow
become be away
be dead
have
wear
keep
be a join the army
fall ill
catch a cold
go out be in the army
be ill
have a cold
be out finish/end
arrive here
begin/start be over
be here
be on 3）since引导的时间状语从句中谓语动词通常 用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。 We____________(stay) in this school since we
_________ (come) to the city. have stayed came 4）句型：It is +时间段+ since +……瞬间动词过去式，自从…… It is six weeks since they came here. It is ten years since he smoked. 一、 Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their
proper forms. 1.We___________ (solve) the problems soon. 2.You__________(get) wet if you________ (go) out
without an umbrella. 3.__________(not throw) paper on the ground. 4. A: What________you_______(do)
at the moment ?
B: I__________(go) over my lessons.
A: When________ you__________( start)
going over your lessons?
B: An hour ago. 5._____ you ever_______(hear) about the Egyptian Mummy Exhibition at Shanghai Museum?
Complete the following exercises . will solve will get go Don’t throw are doing am going did start Have heard
6.Your story_________
(sound) interesting.
You read a lot, don’t you? 7.We __________ (build) ten factories in this small
town since 1990.
8.As we all know, a lot of changes _____________
(take place)in our city in the past ten years. 9.It____(be) three months since I posted the
letter . 10.Englishmen seldom ____(talk) in the
underground. 11.They ___________(not get) off the bus until
the rain stops.
sounds have built have taken place is talk won’t get 二、Choose the best answer 1.He’s never been to England,_______?
A.is he
B.isn’t he
C.has he
D.hasn’t he 2.The poor man_____in bed up to now. He has no money to see a doctor.
A.had laid
B.had lain
C.has lain
D.has laid 3.Neither he nor I_____ interested in playing video games.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D./ 4.You______worry about your son. He will be well soon.
A.needn’t to
B.need to
C.don’t need D.don’t need to 5.Internet bars mustn’t let people under 18 in or let
anybody_______bad things.
A.watch
B.to watch
C.watching
D.watches
C C A D A 6.Some passengers were walking through one of the
big halls at Paris’ Charles De Gaulle Airport________
the whole roof fell down.
A.while
B.as soon as
C.when
D.after 7.A:Would you mind telling me_______recently?
B:Of course not.
A.where did he live
B.where does he live
C.where he lives
D.where he lived 8.I wonder if you_______( go) there by bus or by train
tomorrow.
A.would go
B.will go
C.goes
D.go C C B 三、Correct the mistakes. (There is only one mistake in each sentence)
1.Mr Smith doesn’t be in now. He has gone to New York.
2.The teacher said that the earth went around the sun.
3.The boy is very sad now because he had just lost his new bike.
4.By the time she was fifteen, She started to teach herself computer science.
doesn’t be _______isn’t went_________ goes had_________has started__________ had started
5.You should apologized to him.
6.Plastics are used to making many things.
7.The old man has died for several years.
8. I said I would show him the picture when I finish it.
9. His job at the moment is organize the school sports meeting
died________been dead finish_______finished organize_______to organize apologized___________ apologize to making_________to make 10.Bob as well as his friends do some reading every morning.
11. They
invited to take part in Miss Li’s birthday party last Sunday.
12.Jessica prefered milk to tea three years ago.
13.I’m sorry I didn’t hear you because I am listening to music. prefered________preferred invited_________were invited do_______does am__________was 14.While they had supper, all the lights went out.
15. Scientists has studied the global warming for several years. They are working hard to find a solution.
16.The professor usually goes to see a film on Sundays when he was young.
17.I’m looking forward to receive your letter.
18.Yesterday afternoon I happened to meet my old friend.We have been away from each other for about ten years. goes________went have_________had had________were having has_________have to receive_________receiving 四、Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the box in their proper forms.
( not smoke, hold, remember, see, operate, watch)
1.He didn’t go to the cinema because he _________
the film twice. 2.Jack was asked ____________cigarettes on the bus. 3.He still_____________ riding a bicycle in the street
for the first
time now.
4.The hall is big enough ____________2,000 people. 5.The doctor said that the old woman had to _________
on
immediately. 6.You had better finish your homework before
____________TV.
had seen not to smoke remembers
to hold be operated watching
(Kid,
not meet,
help,
hear,
not see,
go)
Mr.Baker and Mr.Smith work in the same university. They are good teachers and their students like them very much. They often __________ each other when either of them gets in trouble.
One day Mr.Smith was very tired, so when he went home he told his new servant,“I’m busy this afternoon.
I ____________ anybody.”
Just then Mr.Baker went to his friend for help. He knocked at the door. The servant went to answer the door. She didn’t know Mr. Baker and told him that Mr.Smith _______________ anyone that afternoon.
help won’t see would not meet Several days later Mr.Smith went to Mr.Baker to ask for advice. But his friend said inside the door, “Sorry, Mr.Baker ___________just _______out.” “______ you_________, Mr. Baker?”
said Mr.Smith . “I _____________ it’s you speaking there.”
Mr.Baker opened the door and said, “I could believe your servant, Mr.Smith. Why don’t you believe me?”
has gone Are kidding have heard
“用所给动词的适当形式填空”一直是中考英语试卷中的一个专设项目，05年学业考试的试题虽然较以往有新的变化，时态填空这大题将被取消，但是它被安排在新增的选择题中进行测试，所以仍然是同学们必须重点掌握的知识。测试的内容主要在于检测学生对初中英语八种时态、被动语态、情态动词以及动词不定式等的综合掌握情况。测试的重点在于“具备明确的时间状语”或“给予情景” 状态下学生正确使用动词形式的能力。本项目是双基部分的一个重要内容。本讲座侧重讲了时态方面的内容，在做这方面练 习时，除了掌握八种时态的基本结构外，我们应掌握以下的解题要点： 总结
1、关注时间状语、频度副词等关键词，不同时态往往带有一定的时间状语，根据不同的时间可确定相应的时态。 2、关注复合句中基本解 题要点。 3、在确定时态的前提下，根据主语与谓语的关系确定动词的主动或被动形式。 4、注意各种时态的联系和区别。 5、情态动词、动词不定式（to）后的动词使用原形；在部分动词后要用v-ing形式；非谓语动词的用法。
6、把握能力题的解题技巧。解题中学生必须做到综合分析，通盘考虑，才能落笔无误。 1）情景题：试题没有明显的时间状语，学生必须仔细研读题句，弄清情景意思，找出上下句各个动作之间在时间上的关系。 2）段落题：注意事件发生的总体时间，然后根据时间的推移，对段落进行整体理解，在作出准确判断的基础上落笔解题，否则容易产生差错。因为这是对动词形式的综合考核。 7、加强易错题的辨析和专项训练，提高解题得分率。
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