【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
6．By saying “We need them yesterday” (paragraph 7)，Stover means that snakelike robots . 二、词义猜测主要的解题策略有：语境猜词、语法猜词和常识猜词。 语境即上下文。由于上下文中的生词不是孤立存在的，其词义与句中其他词的词义或具体的语境有着密切的联系。因此在阅读过程中，许多生词的词义可以充分利用上下文中相关的词汇和短语并结合具体的语境来推测。命题者为了考查学生的这种猜词能力，常采用以下几种命题策略： 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略1：依据标点符号猜测词义 标点符号是词义猜测的最直接，最简单的解答方法。比如，破折号、冒号常常起解释说明的功能，引号和括号有时也起到相同的作用。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例1 Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked husband. The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the last paragraph probably means a man who . A．likes hunting
B．is afraid of hens C．loves his wife
D．is afraid of his wife 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【点睛】 D 破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。由句前信息 “他为逃避妻子的唠叨而逃到屋外”可知“他是一个怕老婆的人”，因此选择D项。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略2：依据反义词和对比关系猜测词义 运用对比手法描述事物或现象是文章写作的一种常用的修辞手法。在这种修辞手段下，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，从而表明一个词与前面的另一个词互为反义。常用的信号词有： but/yet/however/nevertheless; while/whereas; otherwise/or else; unlike/instead/ rather than; by contrast/compared to; on the contrary/ on the other hand 等。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例2 The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” in the passage? A．Messy and untidy. B．Rich and expensive. C．Comfortable and calming.
D．Foreign and unusual. 【点睛】 D 由but引导的前后句可知，exotic与quite normal(相当平常)在意义上是互为反义的，因此选择D项foreign and unusual(异乎寻常)。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略3：依据下定义，作解释猜测词义 在说明文、科技文中运用下定义或解释概念的方法来定义或诠释某一名词或概念是文章写作的又一特点。在写作方法上常采用先总后分(即先定义后解释)或先分后总(即先说明后结论)的方式。常用的定义信号词有：be defined as/be termed(被定义为)，be called(被称为)，mean/refer to/be(意指，是)。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例3 [2011·安徽卷] (节选) George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book，Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice)： “We've become so accustomed to noise，there's almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet，you sound like an old man. But it's never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us，improves our health，and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.” 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 What does the phrase “to put a sock in it ”in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．To be quiet. B．To be colorful. C．To be full of love.
D．To be attentive to someone. 【点睛】 A 词义猜测题。本题是根据结构上的“总—分”关系猜测词义。文章首句先表明观点，然后进一步清楚地分述自己的观点——没有噪音，我们会专注生活中各种美好的声音。再结合上下文可以看出George Prochnik是反对噪音的，所以他应该是喜欢安静的，故答案选A。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略4：依据逻辑推理猜测词义 运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也是最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。常见的逻辑关系有：因果关系、同位关系、对比关系，转折关系等。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 例4 [2011·四川卷] (节选) So what drives me to roll out of bed at 5：00 a．m.？What gives me the reason to just say no to ice cream? Commitment. A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，increases self－confidence and energy，extends life and above all improves my body shape. What does the underlined word “commitment” in the last paragraph mean? A．Good health.
B．Firm belief.
C．A strong power.
D．A regular habit. 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【点睛】 B 词义猜测题。本题是根据解说关系猜测词义。从文中“A commitment to change my life with a way that reduces daily anxiety，…above all improves my body shape.”可知，“减少焦虑、增强信心…改变体型”即不定式部分是修饰commitment的，结合文意可推断出commitment意为“坚强的信念”，故选择B项。本题容易受字面意思的影响而误选C项。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略5：依据替代词猜测词义 使用替代词 it, they, them, one(s), these, that 或 the other (two…)等指代上下文中词汇或句义是猜测词义的另一种形式。
阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 策略6：依据例证猜测词义 采用事实说理(即例证)以加强观点的说服力或使观点更加明朗清楚是文章写作的常用手法。借助例证获取更多信息，即可实现猜词的目的。常用的例证信号词有： like/for example/for instance/such as; include/consist of 等。 此外，运用语法和常识以达到猜词的目的也是词义猜测策略的另一种表现形式。英语构词法给英语语言创造了丰富的词汇源泉，因此掌握构词规律是达到猜词目的的有效捷径。这种猜词的策略主要表现在： 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 (1)依据词性变化猜测词义 英语语言的词性变化是非常活跃的，如名词动化、动词名化、形容词动化等，阅读时要充分抓住这一特点，从而准确地猜测词义。 (2)依据词义变化(词义引申)猜测词义 英语语言除了词性活跃的特点外，其词义的变化也是非常活跃的。同一个词在不同的语境中其词义也会发生相应的变化，即所谓的词义引申。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 (3)依据词的派生和合成猜测词义 派生法是英语构词法中最主要的构词方法，它由词根、前缀或后缀组成。如：前缀dis－， im－， ir－， un－可以构成反义词；后缀－less也以构成反义词。遇到合成词时在正确理解两词的基础上结合原文来把握两词之间的关系，从而准确地猜测词义。 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 【活学活用】 1．The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever. A．killed by stoning
B．sent away C．imprisoned
D．punished by whipping
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 2．The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoner's hand had almost reached them. A．hardly noticeable B．heavy－handed C．not capable of fast or immediate action D．a matter of habit
[答案] A 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 3．Mrs. Morgan's son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deep into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases. A．superior manner B．wastefulness or carelessness in spending money C．showing too great concern for current fashions D．insults to family or close friends
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 4．Twelve－year－old Sally was an active girl, while her sister was quite sedate. A．pretty
B．calm C．protective
D．Energetic
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 5．I wanted to stay in New York, but my friend tried to dissuade me. A．deceive
B．frighten C．talk out of it
D．accompany
[答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 6．Albert's success after much effort and practice prove the value of persistence. A．time
B．competition C．perseverance
D．beginning again
[答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 7．He felt very lonely; he had lived in Baltimore City for a month and had met no one in the inhospitable city. A．unfriendly
B．uncomfortable C．unhealthy
D．enormous
[答案] A 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 8．I found a secluded area where no man or animal could be seen for miles around. A．cool
B．isolated C．quiet
D．noisy
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 9．The archaeologist spent years studying and searching for remains of the Chinese civilization. A．one who studies the mind B．one who studies cultures C．one who studies the body D．one who studies animals
[答案] B 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 10．CARDIFF, Wales (De, 15)—Poets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered in Wales to celebrate the tradition of storytelling. “It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions, and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here.” Ambrose said. A．controlled by rich people B．grasped by good storytellers C．taken good care of D．protected by kind people [答案] C 阅读写作(二十一) │ 重视词义猜测 2．单项填空
We have been told that under no circumstances ________ the office telephone for personal affairs.
A．can we use
B．we can use
C．we use
D．did we use
[解析] A 考查词组用法。under no circumstances“在任何情况下都不”，其位于句首时，句子要进行倒装。 第21讲 │ 单词点睛
9 decline vt.&vi. 下降，下滑，下倾；衰退，衰落；谢绝 n. 衰退；衰败(一般用单数)
on the decline
在下降；在衰退中
fall/go into a decline
衰退 第21讲 │ 单词点睛
【活学活用】 (1) Tom ___________ (拒绝)have lunch with his girlfriend. (2) Steel production has been _____________ (在衰退中) in these countries. (3) There was __________ (下降趋势)in interests in sports.
第21讲 │ 单词点睛
declined to on the decline a decline 1 at all costs 不管多大代价，无论如何
at_____ cost 不惜任何代价，无论如何
at the cost ____ …
以……为代价
at a cost of
以……的价格
at cost
按成本，以成本价格(出售)
cut/reduce costs
减少日常花销
cover the cost of sth.
支付某物的费用 第21讲 │ 短语储存
短语储存 any of 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) We must avoid war _________________________.
我们必须不惜任何代价避免战争。
(2) He saved the children from the fire _________________.
他舍身把孩子们从大火中救出。
(3) The students are given ￡50 a year to _______________ books and stationery.
学生每年得到50英镑作为支付书籍和文具的费用。 第21讲 │ 短语储存
at all costs/at any cost at the cost of his life cover the cost of 2．单项填空
His uncle's a car dealer and lets him buy the car ______.
A．at all costs
B．at the cost
C．at a cost
D．at cost
[解析] D 句意：他的叔叔是个汽车销售商，因此让他按成本价购买。at cost“按成本价格”，符合句意。 第21讲 │ 短语储存
2 go through 通过；经受；仔细检查，审查
go ____ 上涨，上升
go out
熄灭；出去
go ____
检查；复习
go away
走开，离开
go down
下落；下沉；下降
go off
离开，爆炸 第21讲 │ 短语储存
up
over 【活学活用】 1．用上述短语的适当形式完成句子
(1) I'd like to have you ____________ (仔细检查)the books.
(2) She ____________ (经历)one hardship after another.
(3) The plan did not ____________ (通过)．
(4) These countries __________________ (已经经受)too many
wars.
(5) It took us a whole week to ____________ (通过)the forest. 第21讲 │ 短语储存
go through went through go through have gone through go through 2．单项填空
The police suspected him of carrying drugs so they ________
his bag, but found nothing.
A．looked through B．went through
C．pulled through
D．got through
[解析] B look through浏览；go through经历，通过， 仔细搜查；pull through渡过难关；get through完成，接通。 第21讲 │ 短语储存
3 wipe out 彻底毁灭
wipe… ______ …用……擦……
wipe away
擦掉，擦干
wipe ____
从……擦下去
wipe up
用布擦净(液体、污渍等)
wipe sth.
from one's mind/memory 有意忘记某事物 第21讲 │ 短语储存
with off 【活学活用】 1．根据汉语意思完成句子
(1) The storm ______ the building_____ only in two hours.
在两个小时之内，暴风雨把建筑物毁坏了。
(2) _____ your tears _____；believe yourself and try again.
擦掉眼泪，相信自己，再试一次。
(3) ______ your nose ______ your handkerchief!
用手帕擦擦你的鼻子！ 第21讲 │ 短语储存
wiped
out Wipe away Wipe with 2．单项填空
The entire population was ________ by the terrible disease.
A．wiped away B．wiped out
C．wiped off
D．wiped up
[解析] B 考查词组辨析。wipe away擦掉，清除掉；wipe out彻底毁灭；wipe off擦掉，刷掉；wipe up用布擦干。句意：所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去了生命。
第21讲 │ 短语储存
It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.
由于无知那些数以千计的本可以受益于中药的人却错过治疗真是很可惜。 句型公式 It seems (to sb. )that… 第21讲 │ 句型透视
句型透视 【相关句型】 (1) It seems (to sb. )that…(在某人看来)似乎，好像……， 动词seem可根据语境的不同选择不同的时态。 (2) It would seem…语气稍委婉一些。 (3) It seems that…“似乎……”，可转换成“主语＋seem＋to do/to be doing/to have done…”句型。 (4) It seems as if/as though…“看样子似乎是……”(可用虚拟语气)。 (5) seem like…“似乎像”(like是介词)。 (6) There seems to be…“似乎有……”。 第21讲 │ 句型透视
【活学活用】 1．改为同义句
(1) It seems that she is ill.
__________________
(2) It seemed that he was studying hard.
__________________________
(3) It seemed that he had forgotten his real name.
____________________________________ 第21讲 │ 句型透视
She seems to be ill. He seemed to be studying hard.
He seemed to have forgotten his real name. 2．单项填空
________ have seen the film.
A．It seems that heB．He seems that he
C．He seems to
D．It seems as if
[答案] C
第21讲 │ 句型透视
第21讲 │ 跟踪训练
跟踪训练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．After eating too much, we need a walk to digest . 2．Blood c_________ around the body. 3．His words were followed by a long p_____. 4．I begin to______(寻找)a right way after I get lost in the forest. 5．The power of the _____ (资讯界) is out of your imagination. irculates
ause
seek press Ⅱ.选词填空 用下面短语的适当形式填空。 at random; in vain; out of breath; at all costs; slow down 1．The market researchers interviewed people _________ in the street. 2．Remember that you'll have got to finish this job by tomorrow _________. 3．It is dangerous to ride a bicycle along an icy road like that, so please _________ your bicycle. 4．It took me only five minutes to get to school this morning.
Of course, I was ____________. 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练
at random at all costs slow down out of breath 5．The girl decided to work in the west.
Her parents tried to persuade her to change her mind, but _______. 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练
in vain Ⅲ.单项填空 1．Although the Romans couldn't be forced to pay taxes, they couldn't vote ________ they agreed to ________ a government.
A．unless; submit toB．until; correspond to
C．when; resign to
D．while; compromise to
[解析] A 很显然，后一个分句是前一个分句的条件状语。句意：……除非他们同意顺从于一个政府。submit to 服从于， 屈从于。 第21讲 │ 跟踪训练
2．How can they perform their work well under such ________？
A．circumstances
B．state
C．case
D．situation
