【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿,这里小编给大家分享一些,方便大家学习。
易错点3 思维定势,误解语境 (2024·北京,34) Do you think this shirt is too tight________the shoulders? 解析 句意:你觉得这件衬衫肩膀的位置太紧了吗?本题考查介词的基本用法。across the shoulders指肩宽,两肩的距离,故填across。 答案 across 【即时小练】 —How long have you been an actor? —________1995,when I graduated from college. 答案 Since 以题说法 此题易用to,因为同学们会受思维定势影响,误以为考查too...to结构;也有同学会用on,认为是说“肩膀上”,指具体地点,但此处考查两肩间的距离。 突破指南 近年高考侧重语境,淡化语法,做题要突破思维定势,仔细体会语境相当重要。 易错点4 固定句式记忆不牢固 You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much. 答案 with 【即时小练】 I was________the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. 答案 on [on the point of doing sth 是固定搭配,另外注意这个句子中并列连词when连接的固定句型: on the point of doing...when...,意思是“正要干……这时……”,这样的句型还有be about to do...when...; was doing...when...。句意:我正要给他打电话,他的信到了。] 以题说法 考查with+名词+adj.复合结构用作状语,此题误用when,原句则需改成when/while her foot was wounded so much。句意:你不知道她脚部受伤这么严重是怎么跑完接力赛的。 突破指南 介词与句型的融合使用,成为近几年的高考趋势,熟记句型和搭配是非常关键的。 易错点5 受汉语思维影响 The graduates are determined to devote themselves ________Chinese space science. 解析 句意:毕业生们决心献身于中国太空科学事业。devote oneself to doing sth 意为“献身于……”,这里的to是介词。类似的结构有:pay attention to,get down to,look forward to,make a contribution to等。 答案 to 【即时小练】 (1)(2024·河北邯郸质检)I looked________the direction of the voice,only to find it was a lovely dog. (2)Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank ________ a chair. 答案 (1)in (2)into 以题说法 易误用for。受到汉语思维习惯的影响,考生易误认为是“为了(for表目的)”中国的太空科学事业而奉献,却忽略了与devote固定搭配的介词只能是to。 突破指南 学习英语要注意摆脱母语的束缚。介词是虚词,必须放在语境中才能有生动鲜活的意义,死记硬背单个介词的意义是很容易进入误区的,所以要多思考语境,不能死抠字眼,要从全局入手。如:中国学生还常将in the direction记作to the direction,因为“to”有“朝向……”的意思。 易错点6 固定搭配含混不清 I like Mr.Miner’s speech; it was clear and________the point. 解析 考查介词与名词构成的短语,to the point意思为“切中要点”。句意:我喜欢Miner先生的讲话,既清楚又切中要点。 答案 to 【即时小练】 At the railway station,the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was________ of sight. 答案 out 以题说法 辨析题是选择题的常考题型。根据介词短语的构成形式,可以考查某一词和不同介词的搭配;也可考查同一介词和不同词的搭配辨析,要明确其意义,对比异同,根据句意需要而选择。 突破指南 高考中对介词的考查很灵活。由于介词不能单独充当某一成分,而总是与动词或名词等连用组成介词短语,所以对介词的考查更多地融合在时态或句型中,因此需要考生全面理解试题的含义及结构,而不能孤立地考虑介词的一般含义。 假设你是李华,请你以自己网上购书所遇到的不愉快经历,向中国某家英文报纸生活栏目写一封抱怨信。要点如下: 1.所购书中有破损、缺页现象; 2.一些书籍价格比实体书店还要贵; 注意:1.词数100左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.开头语和结尾已给出(不计入总词数)。 Dear Sir or Madame, I am a middle school student.I am writing to express my dissatisfaction and disappointment about the unpleasant experience _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ I would be grateful if you could take my opinion into consideration. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【范文实例】 1.本文是一篇应用文(抱怨信),文章层次分明,写出了抱怨的原因和对这件事的解决建议,表达了希望。 2.文章用了in the first place, in addition, needless to say等关联词,使得文章结构更为清晰。此外,固定句型The reason why...is that...,分词hoping that...的运用也提升了文章的品质。 3.arouse the attention, beyond my expectation, with the supervision of the public opinion的运用也彰显了考生深厚的语言功底。 读后启示:_____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 表示“(标准、度量、数量)根据,按照,以……计算”,常用结构“by+the+单数可数名词” Parcel post is charged by weight and mileage, without reference to contents. 包裹邮递按重量和路程收费,不管所装何物。 (表示程度、数量)相差 The price of oil fell by a further 2 dollars a barrel. 油价每桶又下降了两美元。 经过,经由 He walked right by me without even saying hello.他径直从我身边走过,甚至连招呼都不打。 靠,用,通过(某种方式、手段) You can reserve tickets by phone. 你可以通过电话订票。 4.with的用法 含 义 例 句 和……一起,和,同,跟 Put this bag with the others. 把这个包和其他的包放在一起。 (表示同时或同一方向)随着 With the number of English learners on the rise, it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts. 随着英语学习者的数量越来越多,对他们来说在汉语的上下文里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。 具有,带有 The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money with me.这本字典正是我想要的,但是我没带够钱。 由于,因为 There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school. 在我们学校自行车存放处有一个长久以来就存在的问题。 (表示方式)用 What will you buy with the money?你会用这笔钱买什么? against,beyond,by,with是出现频率高,考查范围广的几个介词,其意义用法灵活丰富,需要同学们对它们的各种用法了如指掌。 单句改错 23.The coat was made with hand, not with a machine.
改:_______________________________________ 24.The fruits are sold by pound.
改:______________________ 25.The problem is difficult to answer and it’s against me.
改:_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.Everybody was touched by words after they heard her moving story.
改:__________________________________________________ 27.The dictionary is what I want, but I don’t have enough money on me.
改:_________________________________________________ 答案 23.第一个with→by 24.by后加the 25.against→beyond 26.by→beyond 27.on→with 短语互译 28.beyond recognition________ 29.beyond belief________ 30.beyond repair________ 31.手工________ 32.通过无线电________ 33.碰巧________ 34.错误地________ 35.故意地________ 36.抓住某人的手take sb by_______________ 37.His face was red with cold.__________________ 38.Don’t write with a pencil.______________________ 39.无事可做________________ 40.春天来了________________ 答案 28.认不出来 29.难以相信 30.不能修理 31.by hand 32.by radio 33.by chance/accident 34.by mistake 35.by design 36.the hand 37.他的脸因为生气变红了。38.不要用铅笔写字。 39.with nothing to do 40.with spring coming 知识点二 介词短语 一、介词搭配 介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一定的成分。介词的常用搭配形式如下: 1.介词+名词: in turn轮流; in danger危险中; out of order出故障; by no means决不
2.名词+介词: reason for……的原因; effect/influence on对……的影响
3.形容词+介词: angry with对(某人)生气; concerned about 关心
4.动词+介词: laugh at嘲笑; agree on对……达成协议 5.动词+副词+介词: go in for爱好;从事;put up with忍受 6.动词+名词+介词: take advantage of利用; pay attention to注意
7.动词+sb/ sth+介词: prevent sb from...阻止某人做……;remind sb of...提醒某人…… 二、复杂介词型 1.表示原因 because of,owing to,due to,on account of,due to,thanks to等。 2.表示“除……之外”的 with the exception of,except for,apart from,in addition to等。 3.表示“有关,关于” concerning,with respect to,as for,as to等。 4.表示“在……之前”
ahead of,in advance of,in front of等。 5.表示“支持,赞成”
in support of,in favor of等。 6.表示“关于;按照;依据”
in terms of,according to, in view of等。 7.表示“尽管……”;“不管……”
in spite of,regardless of等。 介词解题之一:①语境法 介词之间的区别都是意义和用法上的细微的差别;介词短语之间的区别也是构成结构相似,而意义不同。这样的特点,就要求在做题时,对语境有更深层次的理解,把握住关键提示信息,从而做出正确的判断。 介词解题之二:②搭配法 介词中也有一些固定短语、固定搭配和固定用法。平时多注意积累,做题时观察句型,找出相应的知识点,然后做出正确的选择。 1.When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster,many teachers would prefer to see him step aside________ favor of younger men.
答案 in [句意:在被问到他们对校长的看法时,很多老师说他们宁愿看到他让贤于更年轻的人。] 2.More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities________ lack of space.
答案 for [for lack of(由于缺乏)。] 3.We give dogs time,space and love we can spare,and ________ return,dogs give us their all.
答案 in [介词+名词构成的固定短语也是高考的常考点,因此,熟记介词短语的意义是辨析语意的关键。常见的介词短语主要由by,for,in,on等活跃介词+名词构成,如by chance/accident(偶然),on purpose(故意),in return(作为回报)。] 附录:常见介词搭配 1.“介词+名词”型 (1)in+名词 in advance提前,事先,预先
in case如果,万一
in charge主管,掌管,看管,负责
in common共有,共同
in demand有需要的
in doubt感到疑惑的,难以确定的
in effect实际上,生效
in fact事实上
in order按照顺序,井然有序,情况良好,恰当
in progress进行中
in return作为回报
in turn依次,替换地;相应地,转而
in vain徒劳,白费力气的
(2)on+名词
on guard在值勤
on leave在休假
on holiday在度假
on strike罢工
on sale出售
on loan借贷
(3)on+the+名词
on the move在移动,搬迁;离开
on the march在行军
on the flow在涨潮
on the increase正在增加
on the go正在活动,正在奔走
on the air正在广播
on the fly正在飞行
(4) beyond+名词
beyond one’s power是某人力不能及的
beyond praise夸不胜夸
beyond one’s reach够不着
beyond description难以形容
beyond words无法用语言形容
beyond doubt无疑;肯定
beyond one’s understanding无法理解
(5)under+名词
under development在发展中
under observation在观察中
under test在测试中
under construction在建设中
under examination在检查(调查)中
under consideration在考虑中
under repair在修理中
(6)at+名词
at length详细地,长时间地
at sea茫然
at will任意地
at work在上班
at lunch在吃午饭
at rest在休息
at table在吃饭
at school上学
at church做礼拜
at peace处于和平状态
(7)out of+名词
out of breath上气不接下气地
out of balance失去平衡
out of date过时
out of patience不耐烦
out of control失去控制
out of business破产
out of style过时,不时髦
out of the ordinary不寻常的
out of touch失去联系
(8)in+名词+of in favour of同意,赞成
in honour of为纪念,为庆祝
in memory of为纪念
in face of面对
in need of需要
in search of寻找
in charge of负责
in view of由于,鉴于
in terms of在……方面
in spite of尽管
in case of如果,万一
2.“形容词+介词”型 (1)at前的adj.: angry,good,bad,surprised,excited,puzzled等。 (2)of前的adj.: afraid,sure,certain,full,tired,fond,proud,worthy等。 (3)with前的adj.: angry,strict,busy,careful,popular,patient等。
(4)in前的adj.: strict,weak,interested,successful,rich等。
易错点1 it用作形式主语和形式宾语时的易错点 用适当的代词填空 (2024·西安模拟)I would appreciate ________,to be frank,if goods could be delivered as soon as possible. 解析 句意:坦率地说,货物如果能尽快送到,我将不胜感激。此处it作形式宾语,代替后面的“if goods could be delivered as soon as possible”。to be frank为插入语。故填it。 答案 it 【即时小练】 (1)All of us thought________no use talking about some unpractical matters frequently. 答案 it [it为形式宾语,指代句中的talking about...动名词短语。] (2)________ felt funny watching myself on TV. 答案 It [本题是对英语中it作形式主语的考查。“watching myself on TV”为真正的主语。] 以题说法 为了避免句子出现“头重脚轻”的现象,通常用it作形式宾语,指代动词不定式、动名词短语或从句,其中it指代从句的用法是最常用的。it用作形式宾语指代从句时,通常与like, dislike, appreciate, hate等连用。 I’d appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. 如果你愿意教我如何使用计算机,我将不胜感激。 突破指南 做代词类题时,首先在一定语境中分析代词的指代意义,以及句子结构,找出所设空白处在整个句子中所作的成分,如主语、宾语、同位语等,最后再根据所给选项的基本用法得出答案。 易错点2 代词的指代意义不清 用适当的代词填空 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________ I will always
treasure. 解析 此句中用one替代a moment,作an unforgettable moment的同位语,泛指值得我珍惜的那样一个时刻。又如:Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of the sailors on his ship. 答案 one 【即时小练】 I just choose a simpler lifestyle,________ where I can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive. 答案 one [句意:我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式,一种可以骑自行车到处跑,不必为生活而奔波的生活方式。用one作a simpler lifestyle的同位语。] 以题说法 “代词作同位语”的考点剖析 将同位语与代词用法放在一起考查是各种测试题中常见的一种现象,常涉及it, that, one, this, that, as, what及something, anything, nothing等,而其中对one,it, that, what等代词的考查尤其多见, 针对one在句中用于代替“a/an+单数名词”充当同位语的这一考查角度在数年高考题中曾经多次呈现,通过比较我们可以发现这些高考题的相似之处。 突破指南 这类题目首先要明确句子成分并能正确翻译出句子的汉语意思,才能对代词one作同位语的这个考点熟悉。能够多背诵几个类似的题目更好,熟悉程度够了,还能做不对题目吗? 4.before,by的用法 (1) before与by都可表示“在……之前”,但by表示“不迟于某时”,包括某时在内。如果by后接表示将来的时间,则与将来时或将来完成时连用;如果by后接表示过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。 We’ll have finished the work by ten o’clock tomorrow. 我们在明天十点之前就会完成这项工作。 (2)before后接时间点,则表示“在某时之前”,不包括某时在内。 I will be back before supper. 晚饭前我会回来的。 5.till和until的用法 till和until均表示一个动作或状态一直持续到某一时间;until较正式,在肯定句中和延续动词连用,表示一直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续动词连用,表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。 He worked until midnight. 他一直工作到深夜。 He didn’t go to bed until midnight. 他直到深夜才上床睡觉。 巧记介词in, on,at表时间的用法: at用在时刻前,亦与正午、午夜连,黎明、终止和开端,at与之紧相伴。 周月季年长时间,in须放在其前面,泛指一晌和傍晚,也要放在in后面。 on指特定某一天,日期、星期和节日前,某天上下午和夜晚,依然要在on后面。 今明昨天前后天,上下这那每之前,at, in, on都不填,此乃习惯记心间。 注:“上下这那每之前”是指last/next/this/that/every之前。 当名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each,some等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。 this morning今天上午, last year去年 1.汉译英 ①在妇女节______________________________________ ②在20世纪80年代________________________________ ③在一个下雪的夜晚______________________________ ④在清朝________________________________________ 答案 ①on Women’s Day ②in the 1980s/1980’s ③on a snowy night ④in the Qing Dynasty 2.用in,after填空 ①She came back________a few days. ②It will be finished________a few minutes. 答案 ①after ②in for和since都常与完成时连用,但for后接时间段,since后接时间点。如for two hours两小时;since last week自上周以来。 3.用for,since或from填空 ①Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere________ancient times. ②She lives in China now.She lived in America________three years. ③He has stayed in Shanghai________three days. ④You will pay attention to your spelling________now. 答案 ①since ②for ③for
④from 4.用before,by填空 ①He will have finished it ________9 o’clock tomorrow. ②We usually have a bath________having breakfast. 答案 ①by ②before 5.用till/until填空 ①I shall wait________ten o’clock. ②He didn’t leave________ten o’clock. 答案 ①till/until ②until 二、表示方位的介词 1.at和in的区别
at指较小的地方。
We’ll meet each other at the gate.我们将在门口见面。
in指较大的地方。
Mr.Wang has worked in London for ten years. 王先生已经在伦敦工作10年了。 2.in,to,on用在方位名词前的区别
in表示在某一范围之内。
Jiangsu lies in the east of China.江苏位于中国的东部。
to表示在某一范围之外。
Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。
on表示两地接壤。
Mongolia lies on the north of China.蒙古在中国的北面。 3.between和among的区别
between表示两者之间。
This secret is only between you and me.这是你我之间的秘密。 among表示三者或三者以上的同类事物之间。
Robert was the only person among them who had ridden the horse. 罗伯特是他们中唯一骑过马的人。
4.along,across,through的区别 along表示“沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动”。
I walked along the river.我沿着河边走。
across表示“从……的一边到另一边”,强调横过。
I walked across the square.我走过广场。
through侧重从一端穿到另一端。
I walked through the woods.我散步穿过树林。
5.past,over,across,through的用法 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts,over mountains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东越过沙漠,跨过高山,穿过深谷,蜿蜒而行,最后直抵大海。 The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square. 一群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。 6.above,over,under,below,on,beneath的用法 Be careful,there is a heavy box over your head. 小心,你头上方有个很重的箱子。 The sun is above the mountain in the east. 太阳就在东方,那座山的上方。 There are some stamps on the desk. 桌子上有一些邮票。 The position he pointed to was below the sea level. 他所指的那个位置低于海平面。 The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it. 那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此找到它很不容易。 7.beyond,within的用法
(1)beyond(表示位置)在……的那边;(表示范围、限度)超出,非……所及。
(2)within在……范围以内,不超过。
Science is developing so fast that it is beyond our imagination. 科学发展速度之快超出了我们的想象。 It saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot within easy reach. 在厨房里把你常用的东西放在容易够着的地方会节省时间。 【图解方位介词】 如果指三个及三个以上的人或物中的每两个之间,仍然要用between。如: Switzerland lies between France, Italy, Austria and Germany. 瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。 6.Young children are often advised not to spoil their appetite by eating sweets________the three meals.
答案 between [between指在两者之间。这里的三餐指的是早中餐之间和中晚餐之间,属于两者范畴。] 7.Four Chinese models were________the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.
答案 among [among表示“三者或三者以上的同类事物之间”。根据题干中“在获奖的14个人里边,中国模特占4人”可知,填among。] 8.We should talk about the things__________the children’s understanding in a simple way.
答案 beyond [句意:我们应该用一种简单的方式谈论超过孩子们理解能力的东西。] 9.They walked________the square,and then________the dark forest. 10.The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,________deserts, over mountains,________valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. 11.Sean has formed the habit of jogging________the tree-lined avenue for two hours every day. 12.There is a lamp hanging________the desk. 13.There is a glass on the table, a map of the world on the wall, and a clock________this map. 答案 9.across;through
10.across;through 11.along 12.over 13.above 三、工具、手段、方式介词 1.by,in,on三词都可以表示旅行的方式。 by (1)by与某些不涉及交通工具的名词连用,表示交通方式,名词前不带冠词。 by sea,by water,by land,by rail,by air
(2)by与某些交通工具名词连用,但名词须用单数,其前不加冠词或任何修饰语。 by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship






