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二、不省“to”的情况 (1)在used to be going to mean to ought to plan totry towould like
to would
love to hope to want to下列句子中，to 通常都得留
Eg:He doesn’t get up early ,but he used to
–can you work out this maths problem ?
--I’ll try to
(2)在 be +adj (如：glad, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready）等 此后保留to Eg：---Would you like to join us in the game?
--- I’d love to 3.在ask, advise, allow, permit, persuade, tell, wish 等词的复合结构 中to通常保留 Eg:Do the experiment as your teacher tells you to 4.不定式的否定形式后保留to Eg:He wanted to quiz school and I advised him not to 注：to 后若是主动词have 或 be时，必须保留。 Eg:---Sorry, I didn’t finished doing my home work.
---You ought to have Our school is no longer what it
used to be
Wh-+to do 结构
1 作主语When to start How to go there Where to go Who to do it
has not been decided .
2 宾语。在discover ,find out ,know ,see ,show ,understand 等动词后， 不直接用不定式作宾语，必须用wh--+to
结构 ，在下列词中也带这 种结构, decide ,learn ,remember ,forget ,wonder
I don’t know when to start who to do it how to do it where to go whether to do it
3表语 The problem is when to start it who to do it how to go there
where to go
4 状语。She was at a loss (as to )what to do 她不知如何是好 5 同位语： I have no idea which one to take 我不知道该拿哪个 注：why (not) do …
Task: complete
the following sentences 1.__________________(什么时候动身）is still undecided. 2.The problem is ________________________(去哪）？ 3.I don’t know
_________________________(选择哪一个） 4.Do you understand ____________________(如何操纵这台电脑）? 5.______________________(谁适合这项工作) is still unknown. 6.I have no idea ____________________________(为什么不去北京） 7. You’d better _______________________(不要忘记过去） 8.I would rather starve to death ___________________(也不去乞讨） 9. _____________(我宁愿考试不及格）rather than cheat in the exam 10. No one supported me at the meeting, so _________(我只得放弃） 11.What I want to do is ____________________(帮你提高英语） 12.I could do nothing in the world _________（只能在词在等一小时） 13.------Would you like to come to my birthday party?
--- ---________________(我很想去），but I’m too busy. 14. Our school
_______________________(已不是以前的老样子了） 15.My hometown _____________________(还是以前的老样子） 16.He attempted to quiz his job and ___________(我们都劝他不要） When to start off where to go which one to choose how to run the computer Who to be fit for the job why not go to Beijing.
not forget the past rather than go begging I’d rather fail to pass I cannot but give up help you improve your English but wait here for another hour I’d love to
is no longer what it used to be is what is was before we all advised him not to 非谓语动词的复合结构
一．不定式的复合结构 for sb to do sth
1作主语:
It’s easy for us to remember a few new words
2作宾语:
I find it impossible for Tom to pass the exam . 3 作表语:
This is for you to decide
4 定语:
I have a lot of work for you to do
5 状语:
The box is too heavy for me to take
二、分词的复合结构(词/代词（主格）+分词) 在句中多用来作状语 He fell to the ground ,nose bleeding
He came into the room ,hair tied back .
三、动名词的复合结构（名词或代词的所有格+ doing) 1 作主语: Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry
It’s no use your telling me not to worry
2 作宾语: Mother insisted on my brother’s going to college
Would you mind my opening the door?
注：在口语中，动名词前的代词可用宾格，名词也可不用所有格 3 作表语:What is troubling us is their not having enough money
With
结构 With
+
名词或代词（宾格）+ 名词（短语）
+ 不定式（短语）
+现在分词（短语）
+过去分词（短语）
+介词短语
+形容词（短语）
+副词（短语） He came into the room with Tom and Jane his classmates
with a lot of work to do
with his nose bleeding.
with his hair tied at the back.
with a pair of sun glasses on his nose.
with his face red with cold
with nothing on. Do you know the boy … …? 分词和不定式的独立成分
分词或分词短语作独立成份（作状语或插入语） strictly speaking ,generally speaking ,frankly speaking ,judging by
From，
broadly speaking
talking of , considering , supposing
Taking …into consideration, Strictly speaking， this sentence is wrong . Judging by the facts , Tom told us the truth .
The house cost him, roughly speaking, 200,000 dollars
不定式或不定式短语作独立成份（状语或插入语） to tell (you )the truth, to be, honest, to be frank, to be exact, to be brief to begin with, to start with, to do him justice (说句对他公道的话） To tell you the truth, I do want to learn English well. To be frank, you have probably done wrong to her. To do him justice, he is quite fit for the job. Task: complete
the following sentences 1.___________________(马丽迟到了）made her teacher quite angry. 2.___________________(时间允许）, I’ll go with you to the park. 3. It’s easy _____________________(我们学好英语） 4. I find it impossible____________________(汤姆按时完成作业）. 5.This is_____________________(有你来告诉汤姆） 6.I have many letters ______________(要珍妮来写） 7.The box is too heavy______________( 我抬不起来） 8.________________(跟你说实话吧）, I don’t like English 9.________________(严格地讲）, this sentence is wrong. 10._______________(说句对他公道的话）, he is not to blame 11._______________(考虑到他的能力），he did the work fairly well. 12._____________(绿色信号灯给过后), cars and buses began to move. 13.He climbed over the fence, ___________________(手里拿着刀）. 14.He went to the post office ____________________(要买几张邮票） 15.He went out of the post office ________________(买了几张邮票） 16.Tom came into the room, ____________________(手被绑在背后） Mary’s coming late to school Time permitting, for us to learn English well for Tom to complete his homework in tim. for you to tell Tom for Jane to write for me to carry To tell you the truth Strictly speaking, To do him justice Take his ability into consideration, Green signals given, sword in hand with a few stamps to buy with a few stamps bought hands tied at the back Task:change the following sentences into simple ones. Since I don’t know her address, I can’t get in touch with her.
2. We have come here in order that we can improve our English.
3. They came into the room and they were singing and dancing.
4. When she heard the news, she couldn’t help laughing.
5. After he closed the windows, he went home.
6. When we had finished the work, we went out to play.
7. After the signals were given, cars and buses began to move.
8. If the weather permits, we’ll go out on an outing.
Not
knowing her address, To improve our English, we have come here. They came into the room, singing and dancing. Hearing the news, she… … Having closed the windows, … … Having finished the work, we … … Signals given, … … Weather permitting, … … He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.
2. That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry.
3. Mother insisted that my brother should go to college.
4. The stone is so heavy that I can not lift it.
5. Tom is so old that he can certainly get married.
6. You are not so old that you can’t work.
7.Though he had been told several times, he didn’t understand me.
8. Young as he is, he knows a lot.
Task:change the following sentences into simple ones. He got up early so as to catch the early bus. Sam’s coming to school late made his teacher quite angry Mother insisted on my brother’s going to college The stone is too heavy for me to lift Tom is old enough to get married. You are not so old as not to work Having been told several times, … … Being
young, he knows a lot. 达标测试50题 1.Because of my poor English, I’m afraid I can’t make myself ______. understand
B, understood
C. to understand
D. understanding 2.Would you be so kind ______ me with the suitcases? as help to
B, to help
C, as to help
D. as kind as to 3.This book cannot help _______ the question A, to understand B, understanding C, understood D, to understanding 4.This book is ______. worth to be read
B, worth being read
C,
worthy reading
D, worthy of being read 5.The squirrel was lucky enough to miss ________. being caught
B, catching
C. to be caught
D. caught 6.He was disappointed to find his suggestions _________. being turned down
B, turned down
C, to be turned down
D. to turn down 7.I was surprised to see so many people ______at the back of the room A. seating
B. to seat
C. seat
D. seated 1.B;2.C; 3.A; 4.D; 5.A; 6.B; 7.D 8.I’ll never regret _____even if it might upset me. telling him what I thought
B, to tell him what I thought to have told him that I thought D. telling what I thought
9.Do you know the man _______ under that big tree? lying
B, laying
C. lain
D. lay 10.There was a terrible noise ________the sudden burst of light. followed
B. to follow
C. to be followed
D. following 11.Tom kept quiet about the accident ______ lose his job. not so as to
B. so not as to
C. so as not to
D. so as to not 12.I can hardly imagine Peter ____across the Atlantic in five days. sail
B. sailing
C. to sail
D. to have sailed 13.Chenqi was made _____ in the countryside as a punishment. A, living
B, live
C, to live
D. to be washing 14._______ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving
B. Receiving
C. Not having received
D. Having not received 15.“There seemed to be no point ____English well for being disabled” Tom thought. A. learn
B. in learning
C. with learning D. to learn 8,A; 9,A; 10,D; 11,C; 12.B;13.C;14,C;15,B; 16._____reading and listening, and you’ll better your spoken English. Practise
B. To practise
C. Practising
D. Having practised 17._____some of this juice, perhaps you’ll like it Trying
B, Try
C, To try
D. Have tried 18._____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. Losing
B. Having lost
C. Lost
D. To lose 19._____people’s housing conditions, the government has done a lot. To improving
B. Change C. To make better
D. Doing better 20._____the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer
Your having read B. While reading C. If reading D.When you read 21._____at the door before entering please. Knock
B. Knocking
C. To knock
D. Kocked 22._____late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept 23._____in 1636, Harvard is one of the famous universities in the US. As founded
B, Being founded
C. It was founded D. Founded 24._____such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean
up the river.
A, Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D.Suffered
16,A;17,B;18,C;19,C;20,D;21,A;22,A;23,D;24,A 25.The discovery of new evidence led to _______ the thief having caught
B. catch the thief the thief being
caught
D. the thief to be caught 26.Peter sat under a tree and seeing his teacher, _____up in no time. standing
B. stood
C,
stand
D. was standing 27.The professor dipped a finger into the mixture, took it out and then sucked it, ______ rather pleased. looked
B, to look
C. looking
D. having looked 28.The student ______ in the front roll listened attentively. A, seat
B, to seat
C, seating
D, seated 29.The old worker,____in the factory for 20 years, retired yesterday A, having worked B, had worked C. worked
D. to have worked 30. The modern building ______ will be used as a city library. having already completed
B. already completed having been already completed
C. being completing 31.The bird flu is believed ________ by fowls. to be infected
B. infecting
C. to infect
D. having infected 25,C;26,B;27,C;28,D;29,A;30,B;31,A 32.I couldn’t do my work with all that noise ___________. going on
B. went on
C. goes on
D. to go on 33. They are going to get through another hard year with so many difficulties_______. settled
B, to be settling
C. to settle
D. to have settled 34.______comfortably in his armchair, the old man enjoyed the light music from the radio with his eyes half ______. Seating,closed
B. Seated, closed
C. Sitting, closing
D. sat, closed 35.I glanced over at her, _____ that she was very tiny but seemed well put together. A. noticing B. noticed C. having noticed D. to notice 36.You should understand the traffic rules by now. You’ve had it
______ often enough. explaining B. explain
C. to be explained
D. explained 37.I really can’t understand _______ her lie that. you treat
B. you treating C. why treat
D. you to treat 38.I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded 32,A;33,C;34,B;35,A;36.D;37,B;38,A 39.Unless _____ to speak, you should remain silence at the conference invited
B. inviting
C. being inviting
D. having invited 40.When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year. completed
B, to be completed
C. being completed D. completing 41.Though ____money, his parents managed to send him to college. lack
B. lacking of
C. lacking
D. lacked 42._______ to the sun for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed 43.Friendship is like money, easier made than ________. kept
B. to be kept
C. keeping
D. being kept 44.Having been attacked by terrorists,________. A.doctors came to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning was given to tourists 45.While watching TV, _______. The door bell rang
