【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿,这里小编给大家分享一些,方便大家学习。
语法对点讲练四 情态动词和虚拟语气
一、情态动词
知识点讲解
情态动词本身有一定的词义,但需和其他动词一起构成谓语。除have to, be able to外,情态动词无人称和数的变化。除have to, be able to外,情态动词只有现在时和过去时两种基本形式。除ought, used外,情态动词后面接不带to的不定式。情态动词中have to可以用have got to代替;need, dare也可用作实义动词;used to有两种否定形式:used not to和did not use to。
1.can, could
①表示具有某种能力,指有能力做某事。could表示过去的能力。
②表示请求和允许,和may相近;口语中可用could表示委婉语气,但回答时仍用can。
③表示可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句中。
④表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。
特别提示
⑤“can not/never ... too/enough”表示“无论怎么……也不过分;越……越好”。
You can't be too careful when travelling alone.
⑥cannot but do sth.表示“只好;不得不”。
Father cannot but agree with his daughter's opinion.
⑦can't help doing sth.表示“禁不住做某事”。
2.be able to
⑧be able to可以有多种时态,如:将来时(will be able to),完成时(have/has/had been able to)。
⑨be able to侧重通过努力成功做成某事的能力。
He said he could swim across the river.(指本身具有这种能力)
At last he was able to swim across the river.(指通过努力做到了)
3.may, might
⑩表示允许、许可或征求允许,否定回答时要用mustn't。might比may语气委婉。
表示可能性,might比may可能性更小。
may表示祝愿、愿望,常用于感叹句。
特别提示
may/might as well do sth.“不妨;还是……为好”。
Everything is ready. We might as well start now.
4.will, would
表示意志、决心或愿望。
用于第二人称,表示请求、建议等。
will表示“总是;惯于”。would表示过去的习惯,意为“过去常常”。
表示推测或猜想。
用于否定句,表示“不肯;不乐意”。
特别提示
表示功能、特性,意为“能;行”,多用于否定句。
The door won't open.
would表示提出想法,通常与like, love, hate, be glad, prefer, be happy等连用。
5.shall
用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方的意见或请示。
用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话者的命令、警告、许诺等语气。
用于第三人称,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应;必须”。
6.should, ought to
表示应该,常用于表示现在或将来的责任或义务;还可表示推测,指有一定依据的推测。
should还可表示惊讶,意为“竟会;居然”。
It's strange that he should be absent.
7.must, have to
must强调主观看法,表示必须,have to强调客观需要,意为“不得不”。
We must finish this work now.
We will have to reconsider this plan.
must表示“偏要;非得”等含义。这种用法常用于疑问句、条件句中。
Must you waste so much time?
must的否定形式mustn't意为“不许;禁止”;若表示“没有必要;不必”时,用needn't或don't have to。
must表示推测时,仅用于肯定句,但在反意疑问句中,其后面反问部分取决于must后面的动词形式。
You must be a newcomer, aren't you?
8.need
表示“需要;必须”,常用于疑问句和否定句中。肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。
9.dare
主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中,有过去式形式dared。
10.used to
“过去常常”,含有今昔对比的意味,表示过去习惯的动作或状态现在已结束。而would表示过去反复发生的动作,但不含对比意味。
11.had better, would better
had better表示“最好……”; would better表示“宁愿;宁可”。
12.情态动词+have done
must have done用在肯定句中,表示对过去情况的肯定推测,语气坚定。
can't have done表示对过去情况表示否定的推测,是must have done的否定形式。
could have done用于肯定句,表示过去本能完成但事实上并没有完成,意为“本来能够”。
may/might have done表示过去“可能发生”某事,意为“可能……;或许……”。
should have done表示“过去本应该做某事而没有做”。
shouldn't have done sth.表示“过去本不该做某事而做了”。
needn't have done表示“过去本没有必要做某事而做了”。
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①~)
第一组 单项填空
1.(2024·新课标卷Ⅰ)The door ________ open, no matter how hard she pushed.
A. shouldn't
B. couldn't
C. wouldn't
D. mightn't
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:不管她怎么用力推门,都无法打开这扇门。shouldn't“不应该”; couldn't“主观的不能”; wouldn't“不会;不能(客观)”; mightn't“可能不”。
2.(2024·新课标卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he ________ have done the research on his own.
A. can B. must
C. would
D. need
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:由于没人给予他任何帮助,他一定是独立做的研究。must have done对过去的肯定推测。
3.(2024·北京卷)— You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
— Well, I don't know. It ________ do.
A. might
B. need
C. would
D. should
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:——你不必带伞,天不会下雨。——哦,我不知道。天也许会下雨。might“也许”,表推测,符合句意。
4.(2024·安徽卷)It ________ be the vocabulary that caused you the problem in the exercise because you know a lot of words.
A. may
B. couldn't
C. should
D. needn't
答案 __B__ 知识点 __③__
解析 由you know a lot of words可知不可能是词汇导致的问题。couldn't“不可能”。
5.(2024·湖南卷)He ________ sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.
A. wouldn't
B. shouldn't
C. couldn't
D. mustn't
答案 __C__ 知识点 __①__
解析 根据“尽管他努力了,但是他不能入睡……”,故用couldn't。
第二组 语法填空
6.Jack, it's too hot here. ________ I open the window?
答案 Shall 知识点 ____
解析 shall用于第一、三人称疑问句时,用于征求对方的意见。
7.If the wound ________ become infected, do not hesitate to call me.
答案 should 知识点 ____
解析 should可以用于条件状语从句中表示事件发生的可能性,意为“假定要;将要”。
8.According to his will, his money ________ be used to build a school instead of a market.
答案 shall 知识点 ____
解析 shall用于第三人称,表示依照遗嘱、规章、法律等“必须;应该”怎么样。
9.It was very kind of you to do the washingup, but you didn't ________ do it.
答案 have_to 知识点 ____
解析 句意:你真是太好了,把这些东西洗了,但是你没有必要洗的。didn't have to do表示“本没必要做”,客观上的“不必要”,动作已经发生了。
10.— Alice looks sad. Did you tell her about her brother's accident?
— Sorry, I ________ (not, tell) her just before her final exams.
答案 shouldn't_have_told 知识点 ____
解析 shouldn't have done sth.表示“本不该做某事,但是已经做了”,含有责备的意味。正确答案是D项。
第三组 单项填空
11.— How can I achieve my goal?
— You ________ work hard and stick to it.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. would
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 must“必须;应该”,表示强烈的劝告。
12.(2024·漳州七校5月联考)When we worked in the same office, we ________ have coffee together.
A. might
B. should
C. could
D. would
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 would表示过去习惯性的动作,强调过去动作的经常性。
13.(2024·甘肃三模)You were stupid to try climbing up there. You ________ yourself.
A. can kill
B. might have killed
C. might kill
D. must have killed
答案 __B__ 知识点 ____
解析 might have done sth.表示“过去有可能发生某事”,符合句意。must have done sth.表示对过去情况的肯定推测,意为“一定是;准是”。
14.(2024·石家庄二模)He ________ it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind.
A. must have done
B. might finish
C. could have finished
D. could finish
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 由句意可知,他没有能够完成。could have done sth.表示“本来能够做某事,而没做成”,有责备的含义,符合句意。
15.(2024·烟台5月练习三)The weather turned out fine; I ________ have taken the raincoat with me.
A. wouldn't
B. couldn't
C. mustn't
D. needn't
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 天气很好,所以本没有必要带雨衣。needn't have done sth.表示“没有必要做某事却做了”,符合句意。
第四组 语法填空
16.________ we go to the McDonald's? I am sick of the food there!
答案 Must 知识点 ____
解析 must可以用来表示说话人不耐烦,意为“非要;偏偏”,往往暗示令人不愉快的事将要发生。
17.You ________ (not) trust an online shop just because it has a beautifullydesigned website.
答案 shouldn't 知识点 ____
解析 句意:你不应该只是因为一个网店设计漂亮就轻易相信它。must有些绝对。
18.The bike under the tree ________ belong to Peter. Look! His bag is on it.
答案 must 知识点 ____
解析 根据“Look! His bag is on it.”可知树下那辆自行车一定是彼得的。must用于对现在情况的肯定推测。
19.Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but ________ (not) say where he was.
答案 wouldn't 知识点 ____
解析 句意:几天之后,我哥哥打电话报了平安,但不愿说他在什么地方。wouldn't“不愿意;坚决不”,符合句意。
20.I ________ (not) thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
答案 can't 知识点 __⑤__
解析 句意:我们不在家时,你对我儿子的帮助,我怎么感谢你都不过分。can't/couldn't ... too ...意思是“再……都不为过”。
21.— Did you punish him for losing your digital camera?
— Yes, but I don't think I ________ (do) that.
答案 should_have_done 知识点 ____
解析 句意:——他丢了你的数码相机,你惩罚他了吗?——是的,但是我现在认为本不该这样做。答语是一个否定前移的句式, shouldn't have done表示做了不该做的事。
22.— The work will take me another week. I'm really tired.
— I think you ________ as well consult an experienced worker.
答案 may/might 知识点 ____
解析 句意:——这项工作还得用一周才能完成,我真的太累了。——我觉得你倒不如找一个有经验的工人商量一下。may/might as well表示“还是……的好;倒不如”,相当于had better。
二、虚拟语气用于从句
知识点讲解
1.虚拟语气用于if条件从句
①表示与现在事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一律用were)。主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+动词原形。
②表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去完成时,主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done。
③表示与将来事实相反的假设,从句谓语动词用过去时,或were to+动词原形,或should+动词原形,主句谓语动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形。
特别提示
④错综时间条件句:条件从句与主句谓语动词不是同时发生。谓语动词要根据各自的时间来确定。
If I
at school, I , too.
If it
much, the crops would .
If
today, we
to Beijing.
⑤含蓄条件句:由介词with, without, but for, in that position等,或由连词or, otherwise, and, but, but that等代替if条件句。
I couldn't have finished the work on time without your help.
But for your timely warning, we would have got into great trouble.
⑥省略if的虚拟条件句:当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时,if可省略,而将were, should, had等词置于句首,形成倒装。
Were he here, everything would be alright.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off the trip.
2.虚拟语气用于其他状语从句
⑦as if/though引导方式状语从句时,表示现在或将来的虚拟时,从句谓语动词用过去时(be动词一律用were);表示过去的虚拟时,从句谓语动词用“had+done”。
⑧even if/though引导让步状语从句时,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与if引导的非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。









