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牛津实用英语语法:309 过去时态有时保持不变

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  A 从理论上讲,间接引语中一般过去时应当变成过去完成时,但在口语中,如果不至于使人对于动作发生的相对时间产生混淆,则常保持不变。

  例如:He said,I loved her(他说:我爱过她)必须变成He said he had loved her(他说他爱过她),否则句子的意思就会不一样了。但He said,Ann arrived on Monday(他说:安是星期一到的)可以转述为He said Ann arrived/had arrived on Monday(他说安是星期一到的/他说安已于星期一到达)。

  B 从理论上讲,过去进行时应当变成过去完成进行时,但实际上除非所指的是已完成的动作,否则一般都不变:

  She said,We were thinking of selling the house but we have decided not to.

  她说:我们曾想卖掉这所房子,但现在已经决定不卖了。相当于:

  She said that they had been thinking of selling the house but had decided not to.

  她说他们曾想卖掉这所房子,但现在已经决定不卖了。

  但是:

  He said,When I saw them they were playing tennis.

  他说:我看到他们时,他们在打网球。相当于:

  He said that when he saw them they were playing tennis.

  他说他看到他们时,他们在打网球。

  C 英语书面语中,一般过去时在间接引语中固然常常变成过去完成时,但也有以下几种例外情况:

  1 时间从句中的一般过去时及过去进行时常不需改变:

  He said,When we were living /lived in Paris

  他说:我们住在巴黎的时候相当于:

  He said that when they were living in Paris

  他说他们住在巴黎的时候

  这类间接引语的主句中的主要动词既可保持不变,也可以变成过去完成时:

  He said,When we were living/lived in Paris we often saw Paul.

  他说:我们住在巴黎时,常常看到保罗。相当于:

  He said that when they were living/lived in Paris they often saw/had of- ten seen Paul.

  他说他们住在巴黎时,常常看到保罗。

  2 如一般过去时被用来叙述转述时仍继续存在的情况,则在间接引语中保持不变:

  She said,I decided not to buy the house because it was on a main road.

  她说:我决定不买这座房子了,因为它在交通要道上。相当于:

  She said that she had decided not to buy the house because it was on amain road.

  她说她决定不买这座房子了,因为它在交通要道上。

  

  A 从理论上讲,间接引语中一般过去时应当变成过去完成时,但在口语中,如果不至于使人对于动作发生的相对时间产生混淆,则常保持不变。

  例如:He said,I loved her(他说:我爱过她)必须变成He said he had loved her(他说他爱过她),否则句子的意思就会不一样了。但He said,Ann arrived on Monday(他说:安是星期一到的)可以转述为He said Ann arrived/had arrived on Monday(他说安是星期一到的/他说安已于星期一到达)。

  B 从理论上讲,过去进行时应当变成过去完成进行时,但实际上除非所指的是已完成的动作,否则一般都不变:

  She said,We were thinking of selling the house but we have decided not to.

  她说:我们曾想卖掉这所房子,但现在已经决定不卖了。相当于:

  She said that they had been thinking of selling the house but had decided not to.

  她说他们曾想卖掉这所房子,但现在已经决定不卖了。

  但是:

  He said,When I saw them they were playing tennis.

  他说:我看到他们时,他们在打网球。相当于:

  He said that when he saw them they were playing tennis.

  他说他看到他们时,他们在打网球。

  C 英语书面语中,一般过去时在间接引语中固然常常变成过去完成时,但也有以下几种例外情况:

  1 时间从句中的一般过去时及过去进行时常不需改变:

  He said,When we were living /lived in Paris

  他说:我们住在巴黎的时候相当于:

  He said that when they were living in Paris

  他说他们住在巴黎的时候

  这类间接引语的主句中的主要动词既可保持不变,也可以变成过去完成时:

  He said,When we were living/lived in Paris we often saw Paul.

  他说:我们住在巴黎时,常常看到保罗。相当于:

  He said that when they were living/lived in Paris they often saw/had of- ten seen Paul.

  他说他们住在巴黎时,常常看到保罗。

  2 如一般过去时被用来叙述转述时仍继续存在的情况,则在间接引语中保持不变:

  She said,I decided not to buy the house because it was on a main road.

  她说:我决定不买这座房子了,因为它在交通要道上。相当于:

  She said that she had decided not to buy the house because it was on amain road.

  她说她决定不买这座房子了,因为它在交通要道上。

  

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