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2023高考英语词汇之名词化

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名词化

  在英语中,还有很多其他词类构成的名词,如形容词、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式、基数词、序数词、表示抽象意义的动作名词等。

  1.名词化的特征

  所谓名词化指的是其他非名词类的词转化为名词的情况。名词化的名词有其自己的特征,主要表现在以下四个方面:

  (1)泛指一类人或事物

  the rich 富人

  the wounded伤员

  (2)表示抽象的概念

  feeling情感

  thinking思想、思维

  (3)表示动作

  have a swim去游泳

  make a study学习、研究

  (4)表示特殊含义

  a somebody重要的人物

  a something重要的东西

  2.各种形式的名词化

  英语中名词化的形式主要有如下几种:

  (1)the +形容词

  the+形容词常表示一类人或一类事。这样的名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式。常见的有:

  the new新生事物

  the old陈旧的事物、老年人

  the rich富人

  the poor穷人

  the blind盲人

  the deaf聋哑人

  the dead死的人

  (2)the+动词的-ed形式

  the wounded伤员

  the unknown未知之人或事

  the aged老年人

  the beloved心爱的人

  the killed被杀害的人

  the learned有学问的人

  (3)动词的-ing形式

  the dying奄奄一息的人

  feeling情感

  suffering苦难

  thinking思维

  (4)基数词

  in ones fifties在某人五十几岁时

  in threes and fours三三两两的

  at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟,不和

  (5)序数词

  come out first获得第一名

  from the first从第一个开始

  need a third in the game三缺一

  (6)具有动作意义的名词

  have a look看一看

  have a break休息一下

  make a choice作出选择

  make a decision作出决定

  have a swim去游泳

  take a sleep睡一觉

  have a go试一试

  (7)个别不定代词

  Jim is really a somebody.

  吉姆真了不起。

  The grand building is really a something.

  这辉煌的大楼真是了不起。

  (8)副词用作名词

  It is dangerous in here.Keep off.

  这里危险,请走开。

  I dont want you to go between yes and no.

  我不想让你在是和非之间举棋不定。

  点击考点

  1.Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city,but she had no______.

  A.trouble

  B.idea

  C.luck

  D.time

  2.Whats your______for being late again?

  A.idea

  B.key

  C.excuse

  D.news

  3.I feel tired.I have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself.

  You should take______,I think.

  A.health

  B.exercise

  C.lesson

  D.time

  4.There are______on the table.

  A.a glass of water

  B.a glass of milk

  C.two glasses of water

  D.a glass of orange

  5.They are thirsty.Will you please give them______?

  Certainly.

  A.some bottles of waters

  B.some bottles of water

  C.some bottle of water

  D.some bottle of waters

  6.Ask the naughty boys not to make any______.I cant fall asleep.

  A.voice

  B.sound

  C.noise

  D.singing

  7.Help yourself to______.

  Thanks.Mmm...it tastes good.

  A.some chickens

  B.a chicken

  C.some chicken

  D.any chicken

  8.Twelve______were hurt,but no______were lost in that accident.

  A.person;life

  B.people;lives

  C.peoples;lives

  D.persons;life

  9.The______are going to fly to Beijing.

  A.German

  B.Germany

  C.Germanys

  D.Germans

  10.Theres ______left for the new furniture.

  A.no rooms

  B.not much room

  C.no places

  D.not much place

  11.Please help me move the table in.

  But there is not enough______for it.

  A.place

  B.floor

  C.room

  D.ground

  12.______can you see on the plate?

  Three pieces of bread.

  A.How many bread

  B.How many breads

  C.How much bread

  D.How much breads

  13.Wheres Tom?

  Hes left a______saying that he has something important to do.

  A.excuse

  B.sentence

  C.news

  D.message

  14.______turn green in spring.

  A.Leaf

  B.Leafs

  C.Leave

  D.Leaves

  15.Father went to his doctor for______about his heart trouble.

  A.an advice

  B.advice

  C.advices

  D.the advices

  16.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into______.

  A.fact

  B.reality

  C.practice

  D.deed

  17.Weve missed the last bus.Im afraid we have no______but to take a taxi.

  A.way

  B.choice

  C.possibility

  D.selection

  18.He dropped the______and broke it.

  A.cup of coffee

  B.coffees cup

  C.cup for coffee

  D.coffee cup

  19.Heres my card.Lets keep in______.

  A.touch

  B.relation

  C.connection

  D.friendship

  20.He gained his______by printing______of famous writers.

  A.wealth;work

  B.wealths;works

  C.wealths;work

  D.wealth;works

  21.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ______.

  A.wait

  B.time

  C.patience

  D.rest

  22.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to leave a ______.

  A.message

  B.letter

  C.sentence

  D.notice

  23.Youll find this map of great______in helping you to get round London.

  A.price

  B.cost

  C.value

  D.usefulness

  24.It wont make much_______whether you agree or not.

  A.trouble

  B.difference

  C.troubles

  D.differences

  25.Im sorry my computer has been out of_______for a few days.I have got to use my pen for a little while.

  A.place

  B.order

  C.touch

  D.date

  26.He left_______with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep_______.

  A.words;his words

  B.word;his word

  C.word;word

  D.the word;his word

  27.These football players had no strict______until they joined our club.

  A.practice

  B.education

  C.exercise

  D.training

  28.Students sometimes support themselves by______of evening jobs.

  A.way

  B.choice

  C.means

  D.help

  29.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas,wind and other forms of______.

  A.energy

  B.source

  C.power

  D.material

  30.Parents always let their children have their own______of living,which can surely suit both the parents and children.

  A.way

  B.method

  C.manner

  D.fashion

  答案:

  1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.A

名词化

  在英语中,还有很多其他词类构成的名词,如形容词、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式、基数词、序数词、表示抽象意义的动作名词等。

  1.名词化的特征

  所谓名词化指的是其他非名词类的词转化为名词的情况。名词化的名词有其自己的特征,主要表现在以下四个方面:

  (1)泛指一类人或事物

  the rich 富人

  the wounded伤员

  (2)表示抽象的概念

  feeling情感

  thinking思想、思维

  (3)表示动作

  have a swim去游泳

  make a study学习、研究

  (4)表示特殊含义

  a somebody重要的人物

  a something重要的东西

  2.各种形式的名词化

  英语中名词化的形式主要有如下几种:

  (1)the +形容词

  the+形容词常表示一类人或一类事。这样的名词作主语时谓语动词应用复数形式。常见的有:

  the new新生事物

  the old陈旧的事物、老年人

  the rich富人

  the poor穷人

  the blind盲人

  the deaf聋哑人

  the dead死的人

  (2)the+动词的-ed形式

  the wounded伤员

  the unknown未知之人或事

  the aged老年人

  the beloved心爱的人

  the killed被杀害的人

  the learned有学问的人

  (3)动词的-ing形式

  the dying奄奄一息的人

  feeling情感

  suffering苦难

  thinking思维

  (4)基数词

  in ones fifties在某人五十几岁时

  in threes and fours三三两两的

  at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟,不和

  (5)序数词

  come out first获得第一名

  from the first从第一个开始

  need a third in the game三缺一

  (6)具有动作意义的名词

  have a look看一看

  have a break休息一下

  make a choice作出选择

  make a decision作出决定

  have a swim去游泳

  take a sleep睡一觉

  have a go试一试

  (7)个别不定代词

  Jim is really a somebody.

  吉姆真了不起。

  The grand building is really a something.

  这辉煌的大楼真是了不起。

  (8)副词用作名词

  It is dangerous in here.Keep off.

  这里危险,请走开。

  I dont want you to go between yes and no.

  我不想让你在是和非之间举棋不定。

  点击考点

  1.Lucy tried her best to find a good job in the city,but she had no______.

  A.trouble

  B.idea

  C.luck

  D.time

  2.Whats your______for being late again?

  A.idea

  B.key

  C.excuse

  D.news

  3.I feel tired.I have so much work to do and dont have much time for myself.

  You should take______,I think.

  A.health

  B.exercise

  C.lesson

  D.time

  4.There are______on the table.

  A.a glass of water

  B.a glass of milk

  C.two glasses of water

  D.a glass of orange

  5.They are thirsty.Will you please give them______?

  Certainly.

  A.some bottles of waters

  B.some bottles of water

  C.some bottle of water

  D.some bottle of waters

  6.Ask the naughty boys not to make any______.I cant fall asleep.

  A.voice

  B.sound

  C.noise

  D.singing

  7.Help yourself to______.

  Thanks.Mmm...it tastes good.

  A.some chickens

  B.a chicken

  C.some chicken

  D.any chicken

  8.Twelve______were hurt,but no______were lost in that accident.

  A.person;life

  B.people;lives

  C.peoples;lives

  D.persons;life

  9.The______are going to fly to Beijing.

  A.German

  B.Germany

  C.Germanys

  D.Germans

  10.Theres ______left for the new furniture.

  A.no rooms

  B.not much room

  C.no places

  D.not much place

  11.Please help me move the table in.

  But there is not enough______for it.

  A.place

  B.floor

  C.room

  D.ground

  12.______can you see on the plate?

  Three pieces of bread.

  A.How many bread

  B.How many breads

  C.How much bread

  D.How much breads

  13.Wheres Tom?

  Hes left a______saying that he has something important to do.

  A.excuse

  B.sentence

  C.news

  D.message

  14.______turn green in spring.

  A.Leaf

  B.Leafs

  C.Leave

  D.Leaves

  15.Father went to his doctor for______about his heart trouble.

  A.an advice

  B.advice

  C.advices

  D.the advices

  16.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into______.

  A.fact

  B.reality

  C.practice

  D.deed

  17.Weve missed the last bus.Im afraid we have no______but to take a taxi.

  A.way

  B.choice

  C.possibility

  D.selection

  18.He dropped the______and broke it.

  A.cup of coffee

  B.coffees cup

  C.cup for coffee

  D.coffee cup

  19.Heres my card.Lets keep in______.

  A.touch

  B.relation

  C.connection

  D.friendship

  20.He gained his______by printing______of famous writers.

  A.wealth;work

  B.wealths;works

  C.wealths;work

  D.wealth;works

  21.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little ______.

  A.wait

  B.time

  C.patience

  D.rest

  22.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to leave a ______.

  A.message

  B.letter

  C.sentence

  D.notice

  23.Youll find this map of great______in helping you to get round London.

  A.price

  B.cost

  C.value

  D.usefulness

  24.It wont make much_______whether you agree or not.

  A.trouble

  B.difference

  C.troubles

  D.differences

  25.Im sorry my computer has been out of_______for a few days.I have got to use my pen for a little while.

  A.place

  B.order

  C.touch

  D.date

  26.He left_______with my secretary that he would call again in the afternoon. He said he would keep_______.

  A.words;his words

  B.word;his word

  C.word;word

  D.the word;his word

  27.These football players had no strict______until they joined our club.

  A.practice

  B.education

  C.exercise

  D.training

  28.Students sometimes support themselves by______of evening jobs.

  A.way

  B.choice

  C.means

  D.help

  29.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas,wind and other forms of______.

  A.energy

  B.source

  C.power

  D.material

  30.Parents always let their children have their own______of living,which can surely suit both the parents and children.

  A.way

  B.method

  C.manner

  D.fashion

  答案:

  1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.D 21.C 22.A 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.A

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