【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿,这里小编给大家分享一些,方便大家学习。
写作是高考英语中令很多考生感到十分苦恼的一个题型,也是一个失分率很高的题型。很多考生在写作时面临两个主要的困境:
1、在高考时紧张的心理状态下以及短暂的构思时间中,很多考生针对题目中给出的话题可能在脑中浮现出一些观点,但仍然感到无从下手,不知道如何把这些观点按照一定的结构组织起来,使其不再是一个个的观点,而是一套观点。
2、很多考生的语言表达功底不够深,总是用过于简单化的句子甚至是中式的句子来表达自己的意思,这样导致在语言上没有亮点,甚至还有很多语法等方面的错误。
高考写作评分要求中,对20-25分这一档的文章有一条是:应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽量使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。由此可见,较为高级的语法结构是写作时的一个亮点,这也就意味着考生需要挖空心思地使用一些有一定难度的句型、短语等,以此来表现自己的英语实力。
由于篇幅的限制,本文主要讨论一下高考作文应该如何去构思。
首先大家应该了解的就是高考写作的结构。一篇文章的结构就相当于人的骨架。人的外形可以长得千奇百怪,但有一点必然是一样的,那就是每个人的骨架。有些畸形人之所以被视为畸形,就在于骨架跟正常人不一样。高考作文也同样如此,不同人写的文章在遣词造句等方面很可能是不同的,但作为一篇经典的地道的英文议论文,其结构必然是一样的。高考作文作为一篇120-150words的议论文,可以用三段十到十二句话来搞定。
在这个结构中,第一段是引言段,其作用在于引出文章所要讨论的话题以及全文的中心句。以2006年上海高考作文为例,其题目要求是针对自己心仪的两所大学(南方大学和北方大学),通过比较做出选择,并说明理由。这个文章,很显然,其话题(topic)就是关于选择南方大学和北方大学的事情,而中心句必然就是我的选择的是什么。明白了这一点,本文就很容易开头了,比如可以这么写: Whether to go to the north for college or to enter a southern university has become a practical and significant issue facing the Senior Three students in Shanghai. As for me, after some careful consideration, I have decided to stay in the south for the coming four years university life.
这个开头一开始就提出了到底选择哪个大学的问题,接着又提出了自己的选择是什么。此处特别需要大家注意的是用词的多样化,注意避免重复。比如去南方/北方读大学这个表达在文章中没有重复过,分别使用了go to the north for college, enter a southern university, stay in the south for the coming four years university life.
再比如2007年高考题也可以如此开头。2007年高考题目是:以礼物为主题写一篇文章,该文章必须包括以下内容:1、你送礼物的对象以及所送的礼物。2、该礼物对他(她)可能产生的影响或带来的变化。
很多考生看到这个话题的时候就想象这个题目是不是在考一个记叙文,并且在看到题目的那一瞬间就开始构思一个故事。这种思维是不正确的,会导致考生无从下手,甚至出现跑题现象。事实上,这还是一篇议论文,其中心就是分析一下礼物对一个人的影响。所以在文章的开头首先应该引出礼物这个话题,比如可以这么写:It is universally acknowledged that a good present is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life. As for me, one of the most meaningful presents I have given to others is a watch which had been given to Tom, one of my best friends. 此处第(1)个句子引出了礼物这个话题,并且契合文章的主题,即礼物对一个人有着重要意义甚至改变一个人的生活。第(2)句话则引出了中心句,即礼物是什么,给了谁。其中,黑体字部分是比较出彩的句型或短语。
接下来要进行第二段也就是主体段落的写作。主体段一般先写一个过渡句,起到承上启下的作用(有时候过渡句也可以省略)。然后再写两个分论点,而每个分论点之后一般都有两个细节论证,细节论证可以是作为论据支撑分论点,也可以是对分论点的进一步的阐释。本文就以2007年高考作文为例解释一下主体段落的写作技巧。
在正式写作之前,首先需要列一个提纲,知道自己将要写什么。比如一块手表给一个朋友带来的影响可以有两个方面:一、这个朋友以前没有什么时间观念,有了这块表之后他可能会更加关注时间观念,做事情更加准时。二、这个朋友曾告诉你离开高中后很可能会十分想念高中的朋友,有了这块表,可以使他不那么孤单。
首先做一个过渡:I wish that the present will bring him a number of influences.
接着写第一个论点及其细节论证:First, hopefully, with the watch, he will pay more attention to punctuality, which is an important merit of a person. In the past, diligent and warm-hearted as he was, he sometimes had no sense of time, which caused him to be late for many things and led to some trouble in work. In the future, the watch will always remind him of the time so that he will be able to do everything on time.
再写第二个论点及其细节论证:Whats more, I hope this watch will bring happy memories to him in the future. He used to tell me that he might feel lonely in the future after leaving high school and entering a completely new environment. The gift will surely bring him back to the good old days we gaily spent together and make him feel better when he misses the old friends in high school.
最后的总结一般用一句话即可,可以是对全文观点的归纳,也可以顺带提出自己的一个建议或者希望。但是建议或者希望的内容一定要简洁,否则就被视为跑题。
比如2007年高考作文的结尾就可以写为: I do wish that Tom will like this present, which will bring him a profound influence and motivate him to fight for a better future.
另外如果文章讨论的是一些具有负面影响的问题,也可以在结尾时顺带提一下如何解决这个问题,比如关于代沟产生的原因的话题,最后结尾的时候可以一方面总结代沟之原因,另一方面说出你的建议。例如:It is the lack of communication between the parents and the children that have led to the generation gap, and it is advisable that the both generations should talk more with each other to bridge the gap.
在高考写作的评分标准中,语言占了10分,内容10分,结构5分。但是事实上,掌握好结构远远超过了5分的收益。一个考生如果不懂文章应该是什么样的结构,就很可能不知道应该如何构思,不知道怎么构思,文章的内容就会不符合逻辑,甚至文不对题,导致在内容上失分,而一个内容不充实的文章,也很难在语言上出彩。这样一来,结构可谓牵一发而动全身,关系到整篇文章的写作。所以建议同学对结构好好研究,熟记于心。但同时要注意的是,要从本质上来把握结构的逻辑,不必死板地套用结构,只要在逻辑上讲得清楚就是一篇好文章。比如在细节论证的时候,有些同学如果使用了较长的句子,只用一个细节论证也是可以的。比如下面一篇文章从表面上看跟刚才讲的2007年高考写作略有区别,但本质上其实是一个逻辑,请大家参考。
It is universally acknowledged that a good present is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life. As for me, one of the most meaningful presents I have given to my friends is a watch which had accompanied me for more than three years.
The watch was given to Tom, who is one of my best friends. Diligent and warm-hearted as he is, he sometimes has no sense of time, which causes him to be late for many things and leads to some trouble in work. By giving him such a watch, I hope he will pay more attention to punctuality, which will bring him more credibility in life and higher efficiency in both work and study. Besides, he used to tell me that he might feel lonely in the new environment after leaving the old friends in high school, and thus I hope that such a gift will remind him of the good old days we happily spent together and help him to feel better when he misses me.
Anyway, I do wish that Tom will like this present, which hopefully will bring him good luck and motivate him to fight for a better future.
写作是高考英语中令很多考生感到十分苦恼的一个题型,也是一个失分率很高的题型。很多考生在写作时面临两个主要的困境:
1、在高考时紧张的心理状态下以及短暂的构思时间中,很多考生针对题目中给出的话题可能在脑中浮现出一些观点,但仍然感到无从下手,不知道如何把这些观点按照一定的结构组织起来,使其不再是一个个的观点,而是一套观点。
2、很多考生的语言表达功底不够深,总是用过于简单化的句子甚至是中式的句子来表达自己的意思,这样导致在语言上没有亮点,甚至还有很多语法等方面的错误。
高考写作评分要求中,对20-25分这一档的文章有一条是:应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽量使用复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。由此可见,较为高级的语法结构是写作时的一个亮点,这也就意味着考生需要挖空心思地使用一些有一定难度的句型、短语等,以此来表现自己的英语实力。
由于篇幅的限制,本文主要讨论一下高考作文应该如何去构思。
首先大家应该了解的就是高考写作的结构。一篇文章的结构就相当于人的骨架。人的外形可以长得千奇百怪,但有一点必然是一样的,那就是每个人的骨架。有些畸形人之所以被视为畸形,就在于骨架跟正常人不一样。高考作文也同样如此,不同人写的文章在遣词造句等方面很可能是不同的,但作为一篇经典的地道的英文议论文,其结构必然是一样的。高考作文作为一篇120-150words的议论文,可以用三段十到十二句话来搞定。
在这个结构中,第一段是引言段,其作用在于引出文章所要讨论的话题以及全文的中心句。以2006年上海高考作文为例,其题目要求是针对自己心仪的两所大学(南方大学和北方大学),通过比较做出选择,并说明理由。这个文章,很显然,其话题(topic)就是关于选择南方大学和北方大学的事情,而中心句必然就是我的选择的是什么。明白了这一点,本文就很容易开头了,比如可以这么写: Whether to go to the north for college or to enter a southern university has become a practical and significant issue facing the Senior Three students in Shanghai. As for me, after some careful consideration, I have decided to stay in the south for the coming four years university life.
这个开头一开始就提出了到底选择哪个大学的问题,接着又提出了自己的选择是什么。此处特别需要大家注意的是用词的多样化,注意避免重复。比如去南方/北方读大学这个表达在文章中没有重复过,分别使用了go to the north for college, enter a southern university, stay in the south for the coming four years university life.
再比如2007年高考题也可以如此开头。2007年高考题目是:以礼物为主题写一篇文章,该文章必须包括以下内容:1、你送礼物的对象以及所送的礼物。2、该礼物对他(她)可能产生的影响或带来的变化。
很多考生看到这个话题的时候就想象这个题目是不是在考一个记叙文,并且在看到题目的那一瞬间就开始构思一个故事。这种思维是不正确的,会导致考生无从下手,甚至出现跑题现象。事实上,这还是一篇议论文,其中心就是分析一下礼物对一个人的影响。所以在文章的开头首先应该引出礼物这个话题,比如可以这么写:It is universally acknowledged that a good present is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life. As for me, one of the most meaningful presents I have given to others is a watch which had been given to Tom, one of my best friends. 此处第(1)个句子引出了礼物这个话题,并且契合文章的主题,即礼物对一个人有着重要意义甚至改变一个人的生活。第(2)句话则引出了中心句,即礼物是什么,给了谁。其中,黑体字部分是比较出彩的句型或短语。
接下来要进行第二段也就是主体段落的写作。主体段一般先写一个过渡句,起到承上启下的作用(有时候过渡句也可以省略)。然后再写两个分论点,而每个分论点之后一般都有两个细节论证,细节论证可以是作为论据支撑分论点,也可以是对分论点的进一步的阐释。本文就以2007年高考作文为例解释一下主体段落的写作技巧。
在正式写作之前,首先需要列一个提纲,知道自己将要写什么。比如一块手表给一个朋友带来的影响可以有两个方面:一、这个朋友以前没有什么时间观念,有了这块表之后他可能会更加关注时间观念,做事情更加准时。二、这个朋友曾告诉你离开高中后很可能会十分想念高中的朋友,有了这块表,可以使他不那么孤单。
首先做一个过渡:I wish that the present will bring him a number of influences.
接着写第一个论点及其细节论证:First, hopefully, with the watch, he will pay more attention to punctuality, which is an important merit of a person. In the past, diligent and warm-hearted as he was, he sometimes had no sense of time, which caused him to be late for many things and led to some trouble in work. In the future, the watch will always remind him of the time so that he will be able to do everything on time.
再写第二个论点及其细节论证:Whats more, I hope this watch will bring happy memories to him in the future. He used to tell me that he might feel lonely in the future after leaving high school and entering a completely new environment. The gift will surely bring him back to the good old days we gaily spent together and make him feel better when he misses the old friends in high school.
最后的总结一般用一句话即可,可以是对全文观点的归纳,也可以顺带提出自己的一个建议或者希望。但是建议或者希望的内容一定要简洁,否则就被视为跑题。
比如2007年高考作文的结尾就可以写为: I do wish that Tom will like this present, which will bring him a profound influence and motivate him to fight for a better future.
另外如果文章讨论的是一些具有负面影响的问题,也可以在结尾时顺带提一下如何解决这个问题,比如关于代沟产生的原因的话题,最后结尾的时候可以一方面总结代沟之原因,另一方面说出你的建议。例如:It is the lack of communication between the parents and the children that have led to the generation gap, and it is advisable that the both generations should talk more with each other to bridge the gap.
在高考写作的评分标准中,语言占了10分,内容10分,结构5分。但是事实上,掌握好结构远远超过了5分的收益。一个考生如果不懂文章应该是什么样的结构,就很可能不知道应该如何构思,不知道怎么构思,文章的内容就会不符合逻辑,甚至文不对题,导致在内容上失分,而一个内容不充实的文章,也很难在语言上出彩。这样一来,结构可谓牵一发而动全身,关系到整篇文章的写作。所以建议同学对结构好好研究,熟记于心。但同时要注意的是,要从本质上来把握结构的逻辑,不必死板地套用结构,只要在逻辑上讲得清楚就是一篇好文章。比如在细节论证的时候,有些同学如果使用了较长的句子,只用一个细节论证也是可以的。比如下面一篇文章从表面上看跟刚才讲的2007年高考写作略有区别,但本质上其实是一个逻辑,请大家参考。
It is universally acknowledged that a good present is of great value to a person and even prone to change his or her life. As for me, one of the most meaningful presents I have given to my friends is a watch which had accompanied me for more than three years.
The watch was given to Tom, who is one of my best friends. Diligent and warm-hearted as he is, he sometimes has no sense of time, which causes him to be late for many things and leads to some trouble in work. By giving him such a watch, I hope he will pay more attention to punctuality, which will bring him more credibility in life and higher efficiency in both work and study. Besides, he used to tell me that he might feel lonely in the new environment after leaving the old friends in high school, and thus I hope that such a gift will remind him of the good old days we happily spent together and help him to feel better when he misses me.
Anyway, I do wish that Tom will like this present, which hopefully will bring him good luck and motivate him to fight for a better future.