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The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories dont yet ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about ______ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, dont. In fact, computers dont ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer ______ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a purpose.
Of course, people have several goals that do not make ______ to attribute to computers1. One might read a restaurant guide ______ order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to ______ a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give ______ to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A. goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find ______ about the name of a restaurant which ______ the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer ______ want to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not ______ out of hunger in the case of the computer2, it might well arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants.
词汇:
element /elim?nt/ n.元素,成分,要素
entertainment /,ent?teinm?nt/n.娱乐,消遣
physiological/,fizi?l?d?ik?l/ adj.生理学的,生理的
intellectual /,int?lektju?l/ adj.智力的,聪明的
cognitive/k?gnitiv/ adj.认知的,认识上的
注释:
1. attribute to computers:把归于电脑,归属于电脑
2. in the case of computer:对于电脑来说
练习:
1.A) express B) explain C) account D) count
2.A) why B) how C) what D) when
3.A) once B) even C) ever D) often
4.A) program B) instruction C) system D) function
5.A) success B) sense C) scene D) point
6.A) of B) or C) in D) and
7.A) find B) search C) look D) watch
8.A) way B) play C) rise D) birth
9.A) place B) food C) reference D) information
10.A) orders B) sells C) supports D) serves
11.A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult
12.A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness
13.A) could B) might C) should D) would
14.A) as B) on C) by D) in
15.A) arise B) rise C) consent D) derive
答案与题解:
1.C 此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况,只有account能与for搭配,意为解释,其他三个选项的词都是及物动词,不与介词搭配。
2.C 分析全句,此处应填一个宾语从句的引导词,从句中缺少宾语,故应填what,此句意为 去了解他们所感兴趣的东西,其他三个选项均为关系副词,不能充当从句中的宾语。
3.B 此处选even加强语气,事实上,电脑甚至都没有兴趣。
4.A computer program是常见搭配,意为电脑程序,其他选项与句意不符,故排除。
5.B make sense是固定搭配,意思是有道理,合理,能被理解。整句的意思为当然人也有目标,但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了。
6.C in order to是固定搭配,表示目的,意为为了,故选C。
7.A 结合上下文我们得知,此处应填具有寻找含义的词,watch没有此含义,首先被排除,C 选项后若加上for,便符合文义,search有搜寻,查找的含义,但一般指深人彻底地调查,只有A选项fmd在含义和语气上都符合句意。
8.C 从下一句便可找到答案为C选项,give rise to意为引起,导致,使发生。
9.D 选择D意为找到关于餐馆名字的信息,其他选项放此处均不合适。
10.D 此处需填一个谓语动词,因此要搞清主语餐馆与宾语食物之间的关系,只有餐馆供应食物合乎逻辑,故答案为serve。
11.A 上文提到了种种人生理的、智力上的、认知的目标,因为饿得到了有关餐馆的信息,因而此处要填获取,B, C, D与文意不符。
12.B 此空依然承接上文的意思,那些目标都是获取信息的目标,都是学习的目标,答案为B选项。
13.B 此处缺一个情态动词,阅读到后半句时便很容易选出答案,此处的might与后面as a person might相呼应,表示不确定的推测,意为可能,也许。
14.D 能与way搭配的介词一般只有in,表示以方式,此处的含义为与一个人可能想要做事的方式相同。
15.A arise out of是固定搭配,意为起于,即使不知道短语的含义,看到后面又出现一次arise out of,也应可以选出答案。
译文:人与电脑的区别
是什么让人有别于电脑程序?我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么?答案很简单:人们阅读报纸故事为了学习更多他们感兴趣的东西,而电脑不是。事实上,电脑甚至连兴趣都没有,当它们试图阅读时它们没有寻找任何特别的东西。如果一个电脑程序是理解故事模式,那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。
诚然,人类的意图若是被强加到电脑身上便没有任何意义。一个人可能会读就餐指南,只是为了解决饥饿或是有娱乐目的,也可能是为了寻找一个吃商务餐的好地方。电脑不会饿,也不吃商务餐。
然而,这些心理和社会目标会导致一些智力或者认知目标。一个想要解决饥饿的意图会促使这样的念头产生:找到一个提供我们想要的食物的餐厅,这餐厅叫什么名,价位如何,在什么位置等。我们把这些为了获取信息或者知识的目标叫作学习目标。电脑也能有这些目标;一台电脑也许想要寻找餐厅的方位,并且为了做得像一个人一样去阅读一个指南。虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿,但电脑很可能从这个目标去获得更多关于餐厅的信息。
The Difference between Man and Computer
What makes people different from computer programs? What is the missing element that our theories dont yet ______ for? The answer is simple: People read newspaper stories for a reason: to learn more about ______ they are interested in. Computers, on the other hand, dont. In fact, computers dont ______ have interests; there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read. If a computer ______ is to be a model of story understanding, it should also read for a purpose.
Of course, people have several goals that do not make ______ to attribute to computers1. One might read a restaurant guide ______ order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals, or to ______ a good place to go for a business lunch. Computers do not get hungry, and computers do not have business lunches.
However, these physiological and social goals give ______ to several intellectual or cognitive goals. A. goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find ______ about the name of a restaurant which ______ the desired type of food, how expensive the restaurant is, the location of the restaurant, etc. These are goals to ______ information or knowledge, what we are calling ______ goals. These goals can be held by computers too; a computer ______ want to find out the location of a restaurant, and read a guide in order to do so ______ the same way as a person might. While such a goal would not ______ out of hunger in the case of the computer2, it might well arise out of the goal to learn more about restaurants.
词汇:
element /elim?nt/ n.元素,成分,要素
entertainment /,ent?teinm?nt/n.娱乐,消遣
physiological/,fizi?l?d?ik?l/ adj.生理学的,生理的
intellectual /,int?lektju?l/ adj.智力的,聪明的
cognitive/k?gnitiv/ adj.认知的,认识上的
注释:
1. attribute to computers:把归于电脑,归属于电脑
2. in the case of computer:对于电脑来说
练习:
1.A) express B) explain C) account D) count
2.A) why B) how C) what D) when
3.A) once B) even C) ever D) often
4.A) program B) instruction C) system D) function
5.A) success B) sense C) scene D) point
6.A) of B) or C) in D) and
7.A) find B) search C) look D) watch
8.A) way B) play C) rise D) birth
9.A) place B) food C) reference D) information
10.A) orders B) sells C) supports D) serves
11.A) acquire B) ask C) require D) consult
12.A) understanding B) learning C) knowledge D) awareness
13.A) could B) might C) should D) would
14.A) as B) on C) by D) in
15.A) arise B) rise C) consent D) derive
答案与题解:
1.C 此处考查对固定搭配的掌握情况,只有account能与for搭配,意为解释,其他三个选项的词都是及物动词,不与介词搭配。
2.C 分析全句,此处应填一个宾语从句的引导词,从句中缺少宾语,故应填what,此句意为 去了解他们所感兴趣的东西,其他三个选项均为关系副词,不能充当从句中的宾语。
3.B 此处选even加强语气,事实上,电脑甚至都没有兴趣。
4.A computer program是常见搭配,意为电脑程序,其他选项与句意不符,故排除。
5.B make sense是固定搭配,意思是有道理,合理,能被理解。整句的意思为当然人也有目标,但这些目标若被归在电脑身上便不合逻辑了。
6.C in order to是固定搭配,表示目的,意为为了,故选C。
7.A 结合上下文我们得知,此处应填具有寻找含义的词,watch没有此含义,首先被排除,C 选项后若加上for,便符合文义,search有搜寻,查找的含义,但一般指深人彻底地调查,只有A选项fmd在含义和语气上都符合句意。
8.C 从下一句便可找到答案为C选项,give rise to意为引起,导致,使发生。
9.D 选择D意为找到关于餐馆名字的信息,其他选项放此处均不合适。
10.D 此处需填一个谓语动词,因此要搞清主语餐馆与宾语食物之间的关系,只有餐馆供应食物合乎逻辑,故答案为serve。
11.A 上文提到了种种人生理的、智力上的、认知的目标,因为饿得到了有关餐馆的信息,因而此处要填获取,B, C, D与文意不符。
12.B 此空依然承接上文的意思,那些目标都是获取信息的目标,都是学习的目标,答案为B选项。
13.B 此处缺一个情态动词,阅读到后半句时便很容易选出答案,此处的might与后面as a person might相呼应,表示不确定的推测,意为可能,也许。
14.D 能与way搭配的介词一般只有in,表示以方式,此处的含义为与一个人可能想要做事的方式相同。
15.A arise out of是固定搭配,意为起于,即使不知道短语的含义,看到后面又出现一次arise out of,也应可以选出答案。
译文:人与电脑的区别
是什么让人有别于电脑程序?我们的理论还没有解释的缺少的要素是什么?答案很简单:人们阅读报纸故事为了学习更多他们感兴趣的东西,而电脑不是。事实上,电脑甚至连兴趣都没有,当它们试图阅读时它们没有寻找任何特别的东西。如果一个电脑程序是理解故事模式,那它也是为了某个意图去阅读。
诚然,人类的意图若是被强加到电脑身上便没有任何意义。一个人可能会读就餐指南,只是为了解决饥饿或是有娱乐目的,也可能是为了寻找一个吃商务餐的好地方。电脑不会饿,也不吃商务餐。
然而,这些心理和社会目标会导致一些智力或者认知目标。一个想要解决饥饿的意图会促使这样的念头产生:找到一个提供我们想要的食物的餐厅,这餐厅叫什么名,价位如何,在什么位置等。我们把这些为了获取信息或者知识的目标叫作学习目标。电脑也能有这些目标;一台电脑也许想要寻找餐厅的方位,并且为了做得像一个人一样去阅读一个指南。虽然这样的目标就电脑来说不是产生于饥饿,但电脑很可能从这个目标去获得更多关于餐厅的信息。