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2024届高考英语考前冲刺经典词汇that、it、While用法详解
1. that
that用作代词
1. that 用作指示代词（复数形式是those），其指代意义同形容词用法，同时它还可以用作定语从句中的先行词；还可为了避免重复，代替前述名词。
[解题指导]1.that用于代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复。以代替带定冠词（the）或限定词的可数名词单数或不可数名词，表特指，其后常有修饰语，常用于比较句型。
[典型例句] The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Dalian in winter.（that代替不可数名词weather)
That is what he told me.
What is that (which) you have got in your hand?
The price of rice is higher than that of flour.
[考题回顾] I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _______ in the city．
A ．ones
B．one
C ．that
D．there
C。that代替不可数名词the air，用于比较句型，in the city为后置定语。
2. that 用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句。先行词可人可物，用法相当于who或which。（但是在下列情况下多用that：先行词既有人又有物时；先行词有形容词最高级、序数词、不定代词、very，only等修饰时；先行词是不定代词时）
2．that用作指示代词或限定词，指较远的一个“那，那个”，或指上文已提到的两点中的前一点，其后一点用this表示。
[典型例题]Play and work are both necessary to health;＿gives us rest and＿gives us energy.
A．that；this
B．one；the other
C . one；another
D．this ;
that
He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
I think it one of the most wonderful films that the film company has ever produced.
She has little information that is useful for our research.
Is there anything that I can do for you?
请注意，that 在定语从句中作宾语时通常可省略。
The books (that) I sent you will help you in your studies.
析：选A。 that指两点中的前一点play, this指后一点，即work
[考题回顾]It was said ______ was all ______boy
had said.
A．that what；what that
B．what that ;that what
C. what what ; that that
D．that that；that that
D。第一个that是主语从句中的that，句型为it was said that…；第二个that是代词，意思是“那”；第三个that是定语从句的关系代词，在定语从句中作said的宾语；第四个that是限定词，that boy意 思是“那个男孩”。本句的意思是“据说那就是那个男孩所说的一切。”
that用作副词
[解题指导]that用作副词修饰形容词、副词，相当于so。
[典型例句]I earn little money each month, so Ican't afford that dear a car．
[考题回顾]Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn't always _______ much to do.
A ．such
B. that
C．more
D ．very．
B。that用作副词相当于so。原题暗含意思为“虽然不很多，但还是有那么多”。
that
［解题总原则］that在名词性从句中作连接词有三大要诀：①that在名词性从句中不做成分；②that在名词性从句中没有意思；③that在名词性从句中只起连接作用。
[解题指导]1. that 引导主语从句的常用句型：①It+ be十形容词＋that从句，如It is important that he(should) attend the meeting.②It十be＋名词词组＋that从句，如：It is a pity that so beautiful a lady married such an ugly man．③it＋be＋v-ed＋that从句，如：It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon．④it十seems/appears等不及物动词＋that从句，如：It seems that he is wrong . It now appears that they are in urgent need of help．
[考题回顾]＿fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect．
A．What
B．That
C.
This
D. Which
析：选B。此题中that是主语从句的连接词，它不做句子成分，没有意思，只起连接作用。它在主语从句中不能省略。
[解题指导]2.在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后面的宾语从句中的否定词要前移；在许多带复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常被移到句子后面，而用it做形式宾语。如：We thought it a pity that she should have missed the chance．
[考题回顾] The suit fitted him well＿the colour was little brighter．
A .except for
B. except that
C. except when
D.besides
析：选B,这是except引导的宾语从句。
[解题指导]3. that引导表语从句常表示事实、真理等的实际内容，或表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。如：The fact is that he is lying．Our belief is that things will improve．
1．
-Don't you think it necessary that he＿to Miami but to New York?
-I agree，but the problem is＿he has refused to．
A ．will not be sent；that
B ．not be sent；that
C ．should not be sent；what
D ．should not send；what
析：选B,第一空是that引导的宾语从句，其中的should被省略；第二空是that引导的表语从句，to后面省略了be sent to New York。
2. One advantage of playing the guitar is＿it can give you a great deal of pleasure．
A. how
B. why
C．that
D ．when
析：选C。 that引导表语从句。
[解题指导]4.①下列各名词可用that引导同位语从句：answer，belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，infonnation，knowledge，news，opinion，plan，suggestion，thought，truth等。②that引导同位语从句与引导定语从句的区别：He told me the news that our team won．（that引导同位语从句时，that不做成分，没有意思，只起连接作用。）He told me the news that（which）was very exciting．（that引导定语从句，其在从句中做主语。）
[考题回顾] A warm thought suddenly came to me＿I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday．
A ．if
B．when
C ．that
D．which
析：选C。that引导的同位语从句作thought的同位语。
that
[解题指导]l . that在定语从句中既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。2.当先行词是way,表示方法时，引导词可用in which或that, that可 以省略。如：This is the way in which(that）I study English. 3.注意区别先行词、引导词。如Is this the＋名
+ that从句与Is this＋名词十the one + that从句，比较：①Is this school the one that we visited?②Is this the school that we visited? 4.注意区别定语从句与强调句型。其基本结构分别为：It is十名词＋that（which）…与It is＋介词＋名词＋that…如：It is the place that he was born in．It is in the place that he was born.5.只用that不用which的情况。①被修饰的先行词为不定代词，如all, much, everything, anything,nothing, none，the one, something等。②先行词被only，very, just, last, one of, all, no, little, few, any等词修饰时，只用that。③先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，只用that。④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，只用that。⑤先行词既有人又有物时，只用that。⑥被修饰词为数词时，只用that。⑦如果出现两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用which，另一个用that以避免重复。⑧主句是there be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用that.6．定语从句中用which而不用that的情况。①当关系代词前有介词时。如：This is the house of which the windows face south.②引导非限制性定语从which可代表先行词或前句，译成“这一点，这件事”。如：His dog, which was very old, became ill.③先行词是that, those时，引导词用which不用that.如:What's that which was bright in the car?④若一个句子含两个定语从句，为避免重复，一个用that,另一个用which.如：Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 7.定语从句中用who而不用that的情况（指人）。①先行词为one，ones，anyone，all, those等并且用于指人时，引导who。如:Anyone who didn't come must be punished.②在there be结构中，若主语是人，引导词只用who或whom.如：There is a person who wants to see you.③句中有两个定语从句，为避免重复，引导词一个用that，一个用who。如The
teacher that was praised at yesterday's meeting who is our English teacher will go to Beijing tomorrow.④间隔性定语从句（先行词指人并有较长的后置定语）中用who。如：He was the only in the office who was invited to the ball．⑤当先行词为人称代词时，关系词用who.如：He who doesn't go to the Great Wall is not a true man．8．The same…that…表示同一物或人；the same …as...表示相似的东西。如：This is the same knife that I lost．This is the same knife as I lost．
[考题回顾]1.All the passengers and suitcases＿were still waiting on the broken down old bus had to be transferred to another long-distance bus．
A. they
B．who
C ．that
D. which
析：先行词既有人又有物，所以选C(that）。
2.When we talk about Wuxi, the first ______ comes into mind is Tai Lake．
A．that
B．which
C．what
D．as
析：选A。先行词是序数词时，关系代词用that.
3.This is the very reason _______ he was late for．
A. that
B．why
C .which
D．as
析：选A.先行词被the very修饰，并做for的宾语。
that
［解题指导]1．引导原因状语从句，表原因或理由“因为，由于”。如Not that... but that...., now that…等。形容词glad, sorry，afraid，pleased，satisfied,delighted, proud等也可接一个由that引导的原因状语从句，其中that可省略。
[典型例句]1．Not that I'm unwilling to go with you, but that I'm busy now．（不是因为我不愿意和你去，而是因为现在我太忙。）
2 ．We feel proud（that）our country is getting stronger and stronger．
[考题回顾]1．_____you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A ．Now that
B．After
C ．Although
D.
As soon as
析：选A。Now that引导原因状语从句，意思是“既然”。
2 ．Not that John doesn't want to help you，＿it's beyond his power．
A ．but that
B．for that
C． and that
D．in that
析：选A。表示“不是因为……而是因为……”用Not that…but that…。
3．With his work completed, the business man stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased ____
he was a man of action．
A ．which
B．that
C ．what
D．whether
析：选B。that引导原因状语从句。
]2.引导目的状语从句常用that, so that, in order that, for fear that等，其谓语常含may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词。
[典型例句] They set out early that they might arrive at the station in good time．
[考题回顾] Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter．
A. because
B . so that
C . even if
D. as
析：选B。 so that 引导目的状语从句。
[解题指导]3.引导结果状语从句，常用so...that（从句中无情态动词）。常用句式为：①so＋adj./adv．＋that从句②so＋adj.＋冠词＋n．＋that从句③so＋many/few/much/little十pl. /n.＋that从句④such十冠词＋adj .十n.＋that从句
[典型例句]1．She is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her．
2 ．She is such a good girl that she can help you.
［温馨提示] She is such a little girl that her parents often teach her something.（little作“小”讲时，其前用such）
[考题回顾] His plan was such a good one＿we all agreed to accepted it．
A ．so
B．and
C ．that
D．as
析：选C。such... that引导结果状语从句。
that
［解题指导］在"It is... that...”强调句型中，that只是一种形式，不做任何成分，只起强调作用，指人时that可换成who。这种强调句型没有改变句子原有成分，去掉“It is（was）... that…”原句是一个完整的句子。
[考题回顾]1。It was not until she got home _____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys．
A．when
B ．that
C ．where
D．before
B。强调时间状语从句not... until…。
2.It is what you do rather than what you say＿matters．
A ．that
B．what
C ．which
D．this
析：选A。强调并列的主语从句What you do rather than what you say．
3. Is it the years ＿ you worked in the factory＿have a
good effect on your literary works?
A．that；where
B ．that；that
C ．when；where
D．when；that
析：选D。强调句型与定语从句相结合。
4.I really don't know ______ I had my money stolen．
A．when was it that
B.
that it was when
C ．where it was that
D ．it was where that
析：选C。强调句型与宾语从句相结合。
与that 有关的常见重要短语。
1. in that，意为“既然、因为”。
Criticism and self-criticism is necessary in that it helps us correct our mistakes.
2. now that，意为“既然、由于”。
Now that they have taken matters into their hands, the pace of events has quickened.
3. see (to it) that，意为“注意、务必做到、保证”。
We will see to it that she gets home early.
See to it that you are not late again.
4. seeing that，意为“鉴于、由于”。
Seeing that it is 8 o'clock, we'll wait no longer.
Seeing that he was busy with his work, I didn't disturb him.
综上所述，在解有关that的问题时，要先定位that是在什么中的应用，然后再确定正确答案。本文旨在通过对that的横向总结，使同学们对that的用法从总体上有一个清晰的了解，能够自如应对有关that的试题。
1.-It's thirty years since we last met．
-But I still remember the story，believe it or not，______ we got lost on a rainy night.
A ．which
B．that
C ．what
D．when
2 ．It was after he got what he had desired＿he realized it was not so important．
A ．that
B．when
C ．since
D．as
3.---Now that you like the portable personal computer so much, why not buy one? It is of great use to your work．
--- Well，I can't afford ＿computer at present．
