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2 基 础 回 顾 3 课后强化作业
5 精 讲 点 拨
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必 修 1
Units 3～Unit 5
Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. He was educated at UniversityCollege
of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and qualified in law in 1942. He joined the African National Congress in 1944 and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party's apartheid(种族隔离)policies after 1948. He went on trial for treason(判国罪)in 1956—1961 and was acquitted(无罪释放)in 1961.
During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela's reputation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa. He consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his freedom.
Nelson Mandela was released on February 18, 1990. After his release, he plunged himself wholeheartedly into his life's work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960, Mandela was elected President of the ANC. Nelson Mandela accepted the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of all South Africans who suffered and sacrificed so much to bring peace to our land.
1．[教材原句]He strongly believed in the three principles.(U5P33)
[真题呈现](2011·浙江，18)Anyway, I can't cheat him—it's against all my ________.
A．emotions B．principles
C．regulations
D．opinions
[考题巧解]
解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意：无论如何我都不能欺骗他——这违背我做人的原则。principle常用复数形式，意为：(行为的)准则、规范。如：principles of conduct行为的准则。emotion“情感，情绪”；regulation“规章，规则”；opinion“意义，看法，主张”。
答案：B
2．[教材原句]He was the first man to_land on the moon...(U5P33)
[真题呈现](2010·陕西，9)His first book________next month is based on a true story.
A．published
B．to be published
C．to publish
D．being published
[考题巧解]
解析： __________next month 是后置定语，修饰名词his first book, his first book 与publish是被动关系，且时间是在下个月，故要用不定式的被动形式to be published。
答案：B
3．[教材原句]．..making black and white people equal.(U5P34)
[真题呈现](2010·全国，13)The island is________attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
A．partly
B．merely
C．nearly
D．equally
[考题巧解]
解析：考查句意及副词的词义辨析。句意：这个岛屿春季和秋季同样吸引人，因为这两个季节宜人的天气。partly“从某种程度上说”；merely“仅仅，只是”；nearly“几乎”；equally“平等地，相等地，等同地”。
答案：D
Ⅰ.单词速记
1．n. 质量；品质；性质________→n. 数量________→adj. 合格的________→n. 资格________
2．adj. 积极的；活跃的________→adv. 积极地；活跃地________
3．adj. 慷慨的；大方的________→n.________→(反义词)________
4．vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于________→n. 献身；关爱；专心________→adj. 热爱的________
5．vt. 建立；建设________→(过去式)________→(过去分词)________
6．n. 法则；原则；原理________
7．vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击________→n. 进攻者；攻击者______
8．n. 暴力；暴行________→adj. 暴力的________
9．adj. 相等的；平等的________→adv. 相等地；平等地________→n. 平等；等同________
10．adj. 乐意的；自愿的________→n. 意志；意愿________→(反义词)adj. 不乐意的________
11．adj. 不公正的；不公平的________→(反义词)adj. 公正的；公平的________→n. 公平；公正________
12．vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露________
13．adj. 受过教育的；有教养的________→v. 教育；训练________→n. 教育________
14．n. 残忍；残酷________→adj. 残忍的________
15．n. 报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏________
16．n. 意见；看法；主张________
17．n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动________→n. 恐怖主义________→n. 恐怖分子________
答案：1.quality; quantity; qualified; qualification 2.active；actively 3.generous; generosity; mean 4.devote; devotion；devoted 5.found; founded; founded 6.principle 7.attack；attacker 8.violence; violent 9.equal; equally; equality10．willing; will; unwilling/reluctant 11.unfair; fair; fairness12．escape 13.educated; educate; education 14.cruelty; cruel 15.reward 16.opinion 17.terror; terrorism; terrorist
Ⅱ.短语突破
1．________________失业
2．________________
事实上
3．________________
使充气；爆炸
4．________________
在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
5．________________
求助于；致力于
6．________________
丧失勇气或信心
7．________________
当权；上台
8．________________
设立；建立
9．________________
被判处……(徒刑)
10．________________
愿意干某事
答案：1.out of work 2.as a matter of fact 3.blow up 4.in trouble 5.turn to 6.lose heart 7.come to power 8.set up9．be sentenced to 10.be willing to do
Ⅲ.句型总结
1．The last thirty years________ ________the greatest number of laws________our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage________we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
2．...________ ________ ________we decide to answer violence with violence.
……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
3．I felt bad________ ________ ________I talked to a group.
我第一次向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。
答案：1.have seen; stopping; where 2.only then did 3.the first time
Ⅳ.教材设题
1．He was generous with his time，________I was grateful.
A．for which
B．for whom
C．to which
D．to whom
答案：A
2．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we________.
A．should have been asleep
B．might have been asleep
C．should be asleep
D．might be asleep
答案：A
3．Since I was better educated, I got a job________in an office.
A．worked
B．working
C．to work
D．having worked
答案：B
1．devote vt. 献身；专心于
She devotes all her spare time to doing what she really enjoys.
她将所有的业余时间都用在做她真正喜欢的事情上。
The ecologist devoted himself to his research work.
这位生态学家全力倾注于他的研究工作。
[归纳拓展]
(1)devote...to... 把……奉献给；把……专用于
devote oneself to
致力于；献身于
be devoted to 专心于；致力于
(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的
devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
①He is a devoted friend of mine, a man I can always depend on.
他是我的挚友，一个我一直可以依靠的人。
Her devotion_to her career left her with little time to take care of her family.
她全身心投入工作，几乎没有时间来照顾家人。
点拨：在短语devote...to中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：
look forward to 期盼；
get down to开始着手做；
be/get used to 习惯于；
be/get accustomed to 习惯于；
lead to 导致；
pay attention to 注意；
object to 反应。
[运用提升]
The time he has devoted in the past 10 years________the disabled is now considered________of great value.
A．to help; beingB．to helping; to be
C．to help; to be
D．helping; being
答案：B 句意：他在过去的十年中用在帮助残疾人身上的时间现在被认为很有价值。前一部分考查devote one's time to doing sth.的用法；后一部分中consider后面接不定式作主语补足语。
2．equal adj. 相等的；胜任的 v. 等于；抵得上 n. 同等的人；相等物
China's effort to preserve the ozone layer(臭氧层)is_equal_to half of the total efforts made by developing countries.
中国对保护臭氧层的努力相当于发展中国家所做出努力的总和的一半。
②None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer.
不管是容貌还是舞艺我们都比不上她。
She did not feel equal to receiving visitors.
她觉得自己不适合接待来客。
[归纳拓展]
(1)A equals B in... A在……方面比得上B
be equal to＋n./doing sth. 等于；与……相等；胜任
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌
(2)equality n. 相等；平等
equally adv. 相等地；平等地
Experience is equally as valuable as theory.
经验与理论有同样的价值。
[运用提升]
I do not feel equal to________her the truth.
A．tell
B．told
C．telling
D．being told
答案：C 考查be/feel equal to的用法。句意：我觉得自己没有勇气告诉她真相。be/feel equal to doing sth. 意为“有……的能力/勇气，能胜任……”。
3．reward n. & v．报答；报酬；奖赏
①In the competitive situation, most employers will still reward people according to their ability and performance.
在竞争形势下，多数雇主将依然根据人们的能力与表现进行奖励。
②They rewarded the boy with ￡5 for bringing back the lost dog.
他们给了那男孩五英镑，酬谢他把走失的狗送回来。
③I don't expect anything in_reward;_I did it because I enjoyed it.
我不指望得到什么报答，我做这件事只是因为我喜欢干。
[归纳拓展]
(1)reward sb. with...for sth. 为某事而以……报答某人
(2)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬
in reward of 为酬谢……；作为对……的奖励
in reward＝in return 作为回报/报答
辨析：reward, award
(1)reward n. 报酬、奖金或一些非金钱的报酬；vt. 给予报酬，指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏。
常用句型：reward sb. for(doing)sth. 因……而报答/奖励某人
(2)award n. 奖品，奖金，与prize相似；vt. 授予，颁发。
常用句型：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.
Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009.
在2009年奥巴马被授予诺贝尔和平奖。
[运用提升]
You would be offered a(n)________of 5,000 for the arrest of the murderer, according to the news on TV last night.
A．prize
B．award
C．reward
D．result
答案：C 句意：你将因为逮捕了凶杀犯而得到5000美元的奖赏……。reward“酬金，赏金”；prize“奖品，奖励”，与award近似，都因成就突出而受奖；result “结果”。
4．escape v. & n. 逃脱；逃生；泄露
It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是个无人逃走过的监狱。
[归纳拓展]
(1)escape(doing)sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
(2)fire escape 太平梯，安全梯；安全出口
a narrow escape 九死一生
①A prisoner escaped_from prison this morning.
有一个囚犯今天早晨越狱逃跑了。
②Whoever breaks the law won't escape_punishment/being_punished!
无论是谁违犯法律都将避免不了惩罚。
③Last year I had a_narrow_escape,_and I don't want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
[运用提升]
Mike often attempts to escape________whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined
B. to have been fined
C. to be fined
D. being fined
答案：D
5．turn to 求助于；致力于
Nobody seems to understand. I don't know who to turn_to.
似乎没人理解。我不知道该向谁求助。
[归纳拓展]
(1)turn one's back to 背对；背弃；不理睬
turn back 折回；掉转头
turn down 调小；拒绝
turn into 变成
turn off 关闭(开关等)
turn over 打翻，翻身；移交
turn up 调大；出现
turn out 证明是；结果是
(2)in turn 依次；反过来
by turns 依次；轮流
①It turned_out to be sunny that morning.
结果那天早上是个晴天。
②The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned_down.
如果他们提出的要求遭到拒绝，工人们将继续罢工。
点拨：turn to sb. 可以表示为“向某人求助”，也可以表示“(把脸)转向(某人)”。turn to sth.“求助于某物”。
[运用提升]
用turn的相关短语填空。
(1)She didn't________at the party as she had promised to.
(2)It________that the job was much harder than we had thought.
