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长沙市望城区2024高考英语完形和阅理一轮练习7
完形填空If you make one close friend in school, you will be the most fortunate. A true friend is someone who stays with you for life. 1 teaches that is right: A good friendship is not easily 2 .
It is possible that we simply do not stay in one place long enough for a 3 friendship to develop. However, there can be 4 disagreement on the need for each of us to think carefully about the kinds of friendship we 5 .
To most of us, 6 is considered very important, but we need to be clear in our 7 about the kinds of friendship we want. Are they to be close or 8 at arm’s length? Do we want to 9 ourselves or do we want to walk on the surface? For some people, many friendships on the surface are 10 enough—and that’s all right. But at some point, we need to 11 that our expectations are the same as our friends’ expectations. The sharing of personal experience 12 our tears as well as our dark dreams is the surest way to deepen friendships. But it 13 be undertaken slowly and carried on only if there are 14 of interest and actions in return.
What are some of the 15 of friendship? The greatest is the attraction to expect too much too soon. Deep relationships 16 time. Another“major difficulty”is the selfishness to think one“possesses”the other, including his time and attention. Similarly, friendships 17 actions in return. In 18 words, you must give as much as you take. Finally there is a question of taking care of the friendship. Unless you spend 19 time together, talking on the phone, and writing letters, friendships will die 20 .
【文章大意】人人都渴望友谊。那么如何才能培养和发展真正的友谊呢? 现实生活中, 人与人之间的友谊又常常面临哪些困难呢? 该如何克服这些困难, 让你和朋友们的友谊不至于逐渐消失呢? 读完本文, 你就会找到这些问题的答案。
1. A. Knowledge B. Teacher
C. Experience
D. Parent
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由语境可知。“A true friend is someone who stays with you for life. ”是由生活经验总结出来的。所以选Experience。
2. A. understood B. formed
C. realized
D. produced
【解析】选B。背景常识题。友谊(friendship)是form(培养)出来的, 而不是understand(理解), realize(实现)或produce(生产)的。
3. A. true B. common
C. deep
D. actual
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由上文的“A good friendship”可知, 此处应是a true friendship“真正的友谊”。
4. A. no B. some
C. any
D. none
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。There is no disagreement on. . . “在……方面是没有分歧的”。
5. A. find B. get
C. want
D. receive
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。由前文的need可断定这里应该选want, the kinds of friendship we want“我们所想要的那种友谊”; 且下段有提示。
6. A. disagreement B. friendship
C. want
D. receive
【解析】选B。词汇复现题。全文一直在谈友谊, 下文也有暗示。
7. A. hearts B. thoughts
C. actions
D. minds
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。下面几句列举的都是想法, 所以用thought“思想, 想法”, 指一般概念。mind指“思维, 理智, 注意力”。
8. A. remained B. left
C. stayed
D. kept
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。这里表示的是“使友谊保持一定距离(at arm’s length)”这一状态, 只能用及物动词keep。
9. A. own B. owe
C. share
D. spare
【解析】选C。词汇复现题。根据下文的The sharing of personal experience可知。share ourselves“我们之间相互分享”。
10. A. that B. very
C. not
D. quite
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。由下文的“and that’s all right”可知, 这里要表达的是肯定的意思, quite enough“足够”。
11. A. make sure B. remember
C. expect
D. check out
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。由上下文可知, 确保(make sure)我们的期望值和朋友的期望值一样是获得友谊的基础。
12. A. and B. or
C. including
D. besides
【解析】选C。逻辑推理题。including表示包括。
13. A. can B. need
C. will
D. must
【解析】选D。逻辑推理题。句意: (尽管别人分享自己的经历能加深友谊, )但这一活动必须(must)在对方表现出兴趣或有回报的活动等类似的迹象时才能慢慢进行。
14. A. marks B. sights
C. scenes
D. signs
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。sign“征兆, 迹象”。
15. A. difficulties B. differences
C. advantages
D. things
【解析】选A。词汇复现题。该部分讲述了发展友谊的两大困难: the attraction to expect too much too soon和the selfishness, 也可以从下面的Another“major difficulty”得到启示。
16. A. cost B. spend
C. ask
D. take
【解析】选D。词语辨析题。上文提到发展友谊最大的困难就是期望尽快得到太多的东西, 也就是说像友谊这样的深层关系需要时间, take“需要, 花费”。spend也可以指花费时间, 但主语应是表示人的词语。
17. A. require B. request
C. depend
D. suggest
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。上文提到友谊的第二大困难: 自私, 想占有对方的时间和注意力。因此要发展友谊需要(require)有回报的行动。
18. A. some B. many
C. other
D. different
【解析】选C。固定搭配题。“you must give as much as you take”是对上句“friendships require actions in return”的解释说明, 所以用in other words, 意思是“换句话说”。
19. A. enough B. comfortable
C. less
D. a lot
【解析】选A。逻辑推理题。句意: 除非你们有足够的时间在一起、打电话、写信, 你们的友谊才不会停止。下文所列举的“talking on the phone, and writing letters”需要足够的时间去做, 才能使友谊经久不衰。
20. A. for B. away
C. out
D. from
【解析】选B。词语辨析题。die away事物逐渐消失; 慢慢变弱。die for为……而死; die out灭绝; die from死于……, 均不符合句意。
A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation(感觉) of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.
Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知) of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth“mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.
Feelings of “warmth” and“coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.
To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.
“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
1. According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by .
A. the visitors to his office
B. the psychology lessons he has
C. his physical feeling of coldness
D. the things he has bought online
2. The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that .
A. adults should develop social skills
B. babies need warm physical contact
C. caregivers should be healthy adults
D. monkeys have social relationships
3. In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to .
A. evaluate someone’s personality
B. write down their hypotheses
C. fill out a personal information form
D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively
4. We can infer from the passage that .
A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences
B. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide
C. physical temperature affects how we see others
D. capable persons are often cold to others
5. What would be the best title for the passage?
A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.
D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.
【参考答案】1—5、CBACD
2024高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2024·新课标全国II】B
Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.
Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.
25. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.
their home comforts
their body shape
house buying
healthy diets
26. A home environment in blue can help people ____.
digest food better
reduce food intake
burn more calories
regain their appetites
27. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
Eat quickly.
Play fast music
Use smaller spoons
Turn down the lights
28.What can be a suitable title for the text?
Is Your House Making You Fat?
Ways of Serving Dinner
Effects of Self-Consciousness
Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
【答案】
25. B
26. B
27.C
28.A
25. B推理判断题。根据全文第一段Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.可知，要让你的家的设计成为你减肥计划的一部分。所以这篇文章对那些在乎自己的体型的人更有帮助。故选B。
26.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知在蓝色的房间内人吃的食物相对在黄色或者红色房间少33%。暖色让人胃口大开，冷色让人感觉到不饿。故选B。
28.A主旨大意题。根据文章的开头Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you.可知，你的家居环境既可以让你变胖也会让你变瘦。本文非常适合那些想减肥的人士来阅读。所以选A可以更好地概括全文。
【考点定位】科普类短文阅读
【名师点睛】本文的结构清楚。主题句Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.在第一段，抓住就可以理清文章的脉络，接下来是4条建议，一段一条。题目中的第三题考查对文章的全面了解，并要求理解四个选项的意思才能做好。平时还应该多练习对文章结构的分析。
2024高考英语阅读理解（科普类说明文）【2024·新课标全国I】D
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers - some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session - care quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say ‘one feels,’ or ‘people think’,” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think,’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed? It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself: It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle - longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s psychology cafes, which offer great comfort, are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers, retirees, and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love, anger, and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication,” says Maurice Frisch, a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church. “People have few real friends. And they need to open up.” Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives, these cafes wouldn’t exist”, she says, “If life weren’t a battle, people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But them, it wouldn’t be France.
32.What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?
A. Learn a new subject
